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Topic: Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa

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	[No title]
		In the midst of the first wave of deportations from Warsaw ghetto to the Treblinka extermination camp, the Jewish Fighting Organization (ZOB, Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa) is established.
		However, the ZOB is not yet ready to stage a revolt.
		After deportations end in September, the ZOB expands to incorporate members of underground political organizations and establishes contact with the Polish resistance forces who provide training, armaments and explosives.
	www.ushmm.org /outreach/wswchr.htm (465 words)

	Who Defended The Warsaw Ghetto? (Moshe Arens) May, 2003
		ZOB was organized into individual squads, each composed of fighters all belonging to the same youth movement.
		ZOB had great difficulty in acquiring the weapons needed for the revolt, receiving only minimal assistance from the Polish underground.
		The movements that founded ZOB and its precursor organization, the anti-fascist bloc, considered Betar to be a semi-fascist movement, whereas they saw themselves as representing all the workers' parties and progressive movements in the ghetto.
	www.freeman.org /m_online/may03/arens.htm (2816 words)

	Resistance During the Shoah (Holocaust) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It was then that the Z.O.B. (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa or the Jewish Fighters Organization) was formed and slowly moved to take control of the ghetto.
		On this day, one member of the Z.O.B. died in addition to a few others from the other fighting group, the Z.Z.W. According to S.S. General Stroop, six men and six Ukranian auxiliaries were killed and twenty-four wre wounded on this first day of battle.
		20: After crossing a ZOB mine which exploded, and being forced to retreat, three German officers with strips of white cloth attached to their lapels appeared in the street and called for a fifteen minute truce and negotiations with the command of the area.
	artfuljesus.0catch.com /judaica/shoah.html (2810 words)

	Hanefesh: Holocaust Remembrance Day - Printable Version
		At that time, the Z.O.B. (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa) was formed and slowly moved to take control of the ghetto.
		The Z.O.B. was comprised of mostly young Jews in their teens and early 20s.
		Z.O.B. leader, Mordechai Anielewicz (23 years old), ordered a proclamation to the remaining ghetto inhabitants to resist going to the rail station for deportation.
	www.hanefesh.com /edu/Holidays/Holocaust_Remembrance_Day_print.htm (1192 words)

	Warsaw Ghetto Uprising \| Warsaw Life
		In fact the Z.O.B (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa, or the Jewish Fighters Organization) had been planning an attack on the Jewish Police (who collaborated with the Nazis) for the 22nd, but when the Germans marched into the Ghetto they decided to engage them in combat.
		The mood of the remaining Jews had turned from acceptance of their fate to defiance, and the Z.O.B enjoyed the support and co-operation of all the non-fighting Jews in the Ghetto.
		On the 9th of May the Nazis successfully stormed the Z.O.B’s command bunker and on the 16th, the German Commander, Stroop, announced that the fighting was finished.
	www.warsaw-life.com /poland/warsaw-ghetto-uprising (1705 words)

	What the hell is a Blog?: May 16, 1943: Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa
		In an attempt to force the surrender of the ZOB, German forces set fire to random blocks of the Ghetto, catching and killing people as they were forced to jump from their windows, and laid down blanket machine gun fire into the residential sections.
		The 750 ZOB resistance soldiers were armed with the most makeshift pile of armaments, loyalty to each other, and the strongest weapon of all in their will to survive, and fueled their revolt for 28 days.
		The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943 failed in its goal to free the inmates and end the deportations, but the ZOB succeeded in many other ways, not just in the legacy of resistance and action they left behind, or in the sense of regained power they must have personally felt when resisting their tormentors.
	pearseha.blogspot.com /2006/05/may-16-1943-zydowska-organizacja.html (1062 words)

	Addendum 2 – Facts about Polish Resistance and Aid to Ghetto Fighters
		On the 19th of April, 1943, conspirators of ZOB (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa) under Mordechai Anielewicz's command began pitched battles after a 900 member unit of SS troops under the command of SS general Jurgen Stroop entered the Warsaw ghetto the day before April the 18th with orders to liquidate the ghetto.
		On the 27th of April, an 18-member unit of the AK penetrated the cordone of the ghetto at Muranowska street and together with forces of ZOB engaged German forces with artillery and tanks in a heavy pitched battle lasting several hours.
		AK command disseminated several appeals to the nation to help the plight of the Jews in the ghetto, as well as sending radio transmissions to inform the allies and the world of the tragic status and the difficulty of the fight being undertaken by the Jews in the ghetto.
	www.amopod.org /uprising/Addend_2.htm (550 words)

	Simcha Rotem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Because of his non-Jewish aryan looks and unaccented Polish, Rotem became particularly useful as a courier for the fighters of the Warsaw Ghetto and often conducted missions to rescue Jews dressed as a member of elite Polish units associated with the German Waffen S.S. He took part in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
		When it became apparent that all was lost, he was sent via a secret passageway to the aryan side of Warsaw to meet with ZOB commander Yitzhak Zuckerman to try to arrange an escape for the fighters.
		There he met one of the last surviving leaders of the ghetto revolt Zivia Lubetkin and he led her and her team of approximately 80 fighters through the sewers to the aryan side and then to the forests outside of the city.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Simcha_Rotem (471 words)

	Mordechai Anielewicz
		Anielewicz was appointed commander of the ZOB in November 1942.
		The ZOB knew that although they had temporarily stopped the deportations, there would be further confrontation.
		On April 19, 1943, the final deportation of Jews was launched, which was the signal for the second phase of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
	fcit.coedu.usf.edu /holocaust/people/Anielewi.htm (557 words)

	The Youth Zionist Movement Akiba
		The leadership of the Z.O.B. in Warsaw heard about the pending large scale operation in Krakow and sent Antek to try and stop it from being materialized.
		The Z.O.B. was interested in full control over the ghetto as a preparation for unified rebellion of the local Jewish population against the Germans.
		The Z.O.B. was worried that by sending all the fighters to the battle they were leaving the ghetto without protection.
	www.angelfire.com /my/heritage/ghetto_bochnia/appendix/akiba.htm (7807 words)

	Grange ghetto home page
		The ZOB attempted to assassinate the head of the Jewish Police, but then suffered a series of disasters, including the loss of their weapons, in early September 1942.
		The enlarged ZOB of October 1942 was virtually a new organisation.
		The commander of the ZOB, Mordecai Anielewicz was saved by a miracle." Despite the casualties they suffered, the ZOB managed to rescue some of the deportees, though 5,000 were still killed or sent to their deaths.
	warsawghetto.epixtech.co.uk /HistV.htm (1216 words)

	Trivial Pursuits: April 2004
		ZOB emissaries finally succeeded in establishing contact with the ARMIA KRAJOWA, the major element in the Polish military underground, gaining its recognition and obtaining from it a small quantity of arms.
		One of the lessons that the ZOB had learned from the January events was that the ghetto might once again be taken by surprise with an Aktion and that therefore the ZOB and all its fighters had to be on a permanent alert.
		The ZOB fighters had not made any plans for a retreat from the ghetto, their assumption being that the battle would go on inside the ghetto until the last fighter had fallen.
	trivialpursuits.typepad.com /trivial_pursuits/2004/04 (7759 words)

	portland imc - 2002.10.05 - Hating Israel Is Not Justified, And In Fact, It Is Wrong
		When another ZOB leader, Shmuel Braslav, is stopped in the street by German troops, he is shot dead after trying to pull a knife.
		Another ZOB leader, Reginka Justman, is shot after being stopped while carrying the ZOB's arms cache to a new hiding place; the arms are seized..
		Leib Rotblatt was a member of the ZOB (Jewish Fighting Organization), which emerged in the Warsaw Ghetto during the summer of 1942.
	portland.indymedia.org /en/2002/10/24382.shtml (4888 words)

	Mordechai Anielewicz: 1919 — 1943 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		However the ZOB was not yet ready to stage a revolt.
		After deportations ended in September 1942, the ZOB expanded to incorporate members of underground political organizations and established contact with the Polish resistance forces who provided training, armaments and explosives.
		The ZOB command bunker, staffed by Mordecai Anielewicz and other leaders of the resistance fell on May 8.
	www.wzo.org.il /doingzionism/resources/view.asp?id=1379 (2155 words)

	Shalom New York.The Changing Face of Memory: Who defended the ghetto? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Thus, when the revolt broke out on April 19, 1943, ZZW was better prepared than ZOB.
		He had had no prior military training, but was endowed with leadership qualities that made him the obvious choice to command ZOB.
		In each of these areas there were ZOB and ZZW fighting units.
	www.shalomnewyork.com /authors/schwartz/warshaw_eng.php (2900 words)

	CZESTOCHOWA DURING WWII
		In December 1942 the ZYDOWSKA ORGANIZACJA BOJOWA (Jewish Fighting Organization; (ZOB) created a resistance unit in Czestochowa, with some 300 participants.
		In other resistance groups there were two relatively large units of partisans, and several small units that joined the leftist Polish partisans.
		On June 25, 1943, another ZOB group tried to resist the liquidation of the small ghetto.
	www.zchor.org /WWII.HTM (824 words)

	The Hindu : The Warsaw ghetto
		A group of young people formed an organisation called Z.O.B. (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa, which means Jewish Fighting Organisation).
		The Z.O.B., led by 23-year-old Mordecai Anielewicz, issued a proclamation calling upon the Jewish people to resist going to the trains.
		A small supply of arms was smuggled into the Ghetto and as inhabitants were assembled for deportation, the inmates fired at the German troops.
	www.hindu.com /thehindu/mag/2001/12/09/stories/2001120900320400.htm (1371 words)

	Warsaw ghetto (Poland) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Second is an account of the Uprising written by the only surviving commander of ZOB (Jewish Fighting Organization), Dr. Marek Edelman:
		Third is my personal recollection of the journeys with my father re-tracing his movements of his own "passage thru hell" during the Warsaw Uprising of August-September 1944.
		During the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of April-May, 1943, The ZOB (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa or Jewish Fighting Organization or Yidische Kampf Organizatzion) led by Mordechaj Anielewicz and composed of members of leftist and ultra leftist youth organizations:
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/pl_wghet.html (1032 words)

	Mordechai Anielewicz
		It was then that Anielewicz formed the Jewish Combat Organization known as the ZOB, from the Polish words Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa.
		In November of 1942 Mordechai was appointed commander of the ZOB, which bought a small number of firearms from greedy Poles on the other side of the ghetto wall.
		This made it possible for the heroic Jews to attack the German killers on January 18, 1942 as they put into effect another deportation to the camps.
	www.jbuff.com /c042204.htm (661 words)

	March of the Living International 2002
		On his return to Warsaw after the mass deportation, he found that only 60,000 of Warsaw's 350,000 Jews were left in the ghetto, and that the small Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa (Jewish Fighting Organization; ZOB) in the ghetto lacked arms and was in a dire situation, having suffered failures and lost members.
		Most of the existing Jewish underground groups now joined the ZOB, and a public council, consisting of authorized representatives, was established in support of the ZOB (the Zydowski Komitet Narodowy, or Jewish National Committee, and the Coordinating Committee, the latter also including the Bund).
		Caught unaware, the ZOB staff was unable to meet in order to decide on what action to take in response, but in one part of the ghetto the armed groups of ZOB fighters decided to act on their own.
	www.motl.org /resource/curriculum/curriculum_7.htm (8457 words)

	19 April History: This Date
		Although the Nazis assured the remaining Jews that their relatives and friends were being sent to work camps, word soon reached the ghetto that deportation to the camp meant extermination.
		An underground resistance group was established in the ghetto — the Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa; ZOB).
		The ZOB took to the sewers to continue the fight, but on 08 April their command bunker fell to the Germans and Mordecai Anielewicz and the other resistant leaders committed suicide.
	www.safran-arts.com /42day/history/h4apr/h4apr19.html (12291 words)

	Populist Party - How Quickly We Forget (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		When reports of mass murder in the killing center leaked back to the Warsaw ghetto, a surviving group of mostly young people formed an organization called the Z.O.B. (for the Polish name, Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa, which means Jewish Fighting Organization).
		ZOB issued a proclamation calling for the Jewish people to resist being deported in the railroad cars.
		In January 1943, Warsaw ghetto fighters using a small supply of weapons that had been smuggled into the ghetto fired upon German troops as they tried to round up another group of ghetto inhabitants for deportation.
	www.populistamerica.com /how_quickly_we_forget (1331 words)

	Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
		In response to the deportations, several Jewish underground organizations created an armed self-defense unit known as the Jewish Fighting Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa; ZOB).
		Although initially there was tension between the ZOB and the ZZW, both groups decided to work together to oppose German attempts to destroy the ghetto.
		ZOB commander Mordecai Anielewicz led resistance forces in the Warsaw ghetto uprising.
	www.ushmm.org /wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005188 (533 words)

	The Holocaust Chronicle PROLOGUE: Roots of the Holocaust, page 405
		Estimating that 40,000 Jews still lived there (the actual figure was closer to 55,000), SS chief Heinrich Himmler ordered the deportation of 8000 more when he visited the ghetto on January 9, 1943.
		However, the Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa (ZOB; Jewish Fighting Organization), led by 23-year-old Mordecai Anielewicz, launched armed resistance when the Germans implemented Himmler's order on January 18.
		Although more than 5000 Jews would be deported by January 22, Jewish resistance--it included hiding and refusal to report as well as violent struggle--prevented the ordered quota from being met and led the Germans to terminate the Aktion.
	www.holocaustchronicle.org /StaticPages/405.html (440 words)

	Workers World April 25, 2002: From the Warsaw Ghetto to Jenin
		The ZOB had prepared the struggle in advance, constructing a labyrinth of bunkers, tunnels and secret hideouts.
		On May 8, the ZOB headquarters was overrun.
		Seventy-five ZOB survivors escaped from the blockaded ghetto on May 10.
	www.workers.org /ww/2002/warsaw0425.php (778 words)

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