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Topic: Zygospore

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	Zygospore - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A zygospore is a sexual part of a fungus, a chlamydospore that is created by the nuclear fusion of haploid hyphae of different mating types.
		When the environment is favorable, the zygospore germinates and meiosis occurs which will produce a sporangium at the end of a sporangiophore.
		A fungus that forms zygospores is called a zygomycete.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zygospore (96 words)

	Northern Arizona University Biology - Karen VanWinkle-Swift (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The zygospore is formed after gametic cell fusion by a progression of ultrastructural and physiological changes, including the synthesis of an elaborately sculptured and multilayered wall (see electron micrographs below) that functions not only to provide protection during dormancy, but also remains responsive to the environmental signals that later signal spore germination.
		Recently Karen and her collaborators have found that the zygospore wall contains the remarkable compound sporopollenin, found also in the walls of plant spores and pollen grains, and often referred to as "the most resistant biopolymer on earth".
		VanWinkle-Swift, K.P and Rickoll, W. The zygospore wall of Chlamydomonas monoica (Chlorophyceae): morphogenesis and evidence for the presence of sporopollenin.
	www.nau.edu /~biology/people/vanwinkle-swift.html (520 words)

	ZYGOMYCOTA
		Their synapomorphies include the formation of zygospores that are formed by the fusion of similar gametangia, and of asexual sporangiospores (Figures A-I).
		One of the natural groups of fungi because of the production of asexual aplanospores, fusion of gametangia to produce zygospores and walls of chitin and chitosan; asexual development seems to be from many-spored sporangia, through sporangia with a much-reduced number of spores, to one-spored sporangiola which function as conidia.
		Filamentous; hyphae septate and cells uninucleate; asexual reproduction by forcible discharge of conidium; thick-walled zygospore.
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/202/Fungi/zygomycota.htm (781 words)

	lb2pg05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The zygospore then develops a thick, rough fl coat and becomes dormant, often for several months.
		The zygospore cracks open and produces a sporangium that is similar to the asexually produced sporangium, and the life cycle begins again.
		Examine the prepared slide # 8 of Rhizopus stolonifera sporangia, noting the mycelia differentiation in stolons, rhizoids, and sporangiophores, the sporangia with columella and aplanospores (non-motile spores).
	io.uwinnipeg.ca /~simmons/lb2pg05.htm (386 words)

	The Chlamydomonas Zygospore: Mutant Strains of Chlamydomonas monoica Blocked in Zygospore Morphogenesis Comprise 46 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Chlamydomonas Zygospore: Mutant Strains of Chlamydomonas monoica Blocked in Zygospore Morphogenesis Comprise 46 Complementation Groups -- VanWinkle-Swift et al.
		The zygote matures into a heavily walled zygospore, discarding a transient primary zygote wall as secondary wall formation is completed.
		of wild-type zygospores or was plated and exposed to chloroform
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/148/1/131 (2939 words)

	Figure 7.9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Longitudinal TEM section of an entire sexual apparatus with an immature zygospore in slightly oblique section.
		Note the four scattered nuclei, compatible with the idea that the zygote may have undergone meiosis and that the nucleus contained in the zygospore is haploid.
		Septum with a plugged pore between the zygospore and zygosporophore.
	nhm.ku.edu /~fungi/Monograph/Figures/Fig7-9.htm (119 words)

	MICROSCOPY K / MICSCAPE - Zygospore of the desmid Staurodesmus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This is a picture of two desmids (Staurodesmus sp.) which have come together to produce a zygospore.
		A zygospore is formed after sexually reproducing (conjugation) and changes into new desmids when conditions are favourable.
		The two empty cells (each one has two semi-cells) can be seen to the left and right of the zygospore.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/art97b/novimg2.html (139 words)

	Zygomycota
		Zygospores are formed within a zygosporangium after the fusion of specialized hyphae called gametangia during the sexual cycle (Figure 2A).
		The mature zygospore is often thick-walled (Figure 2B), and undergoes an obligatory dormant period before germination.
		The only diploid (2N) phase in the life cycle is the zygospore, produced through the conjugation of compatible gametangia during the sexual cycle (see Figure 2A, B).
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Zygomycota (3009 words)

	zygospore of Phycomyces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Scanning electron micrograph of a zygospore, the product of the sexual interaction, covered by vegetative hyphae, sourrounded by appendages, and supported by the suspensors.
		The young zygospore contain thousand of nuclei of both sexes and is about 0.5 mm in diameter.
		The zygospore remains dormant for months until a germsporangiophore emerges from the zygospore, forming a germsporangium containing about 10000 germspores, the products of the sexual cycle after karyogamy and meiosis.
	www.es.embnet.org /~genus/zygospore.html (90 words)

	Botany 201 Laboratory, Zygomycota
		Sexual reproduction occurs with the fusion of undifferentiated isogametangia or anisogametangia to produce a zygote.
		A dark, thick cell wall then forms around the zygote which may now be referred to as a zygospore.
		The formation of the zygospore is the unifying characteristic of the fungi inthis division.
	www.botany.hawaii.edu /faculty/wong/Bot201/Zygomycota/Zygomycota.htm (515 words)

	Decreased resistance to environmental stress correlates with a wall defect in a Chlamydomonas monoica ...
		Wildtype zygospores are protected by a massive, structurally complex secondary zygospore wall.
		The zygospore wall, which exhibits blue autofluorescence and contains a sporopollenin-like component, is resistant to degradation in boiling sulfuric acid/acetic anhydride (acetolysis).
		Scanning and transmission electron microscopy reveal abnormalities in surface architecture and discontinuities in the surface layer of the zygospore wall although a massive inner wall layer is still present.
	abstracts.aspb.org /pb2003/public/P28/0683.html (278 words)

	UV radiation resistance of the Chlamydomonas zygospore
		The Chlamydomonas zygospore, produced as the end product of sexual reproduction, is remarkably resistant to abiotic stress including solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and can serve as a useful model for identifying the cellular and molecular basis of resistance.
		Surviving vegetative cells were then induced to mate and the resultant zygospores were exposed to a potentially lethal dose of UV-C radiation.
		Two of the mutant strains exhibit increased zygospore autofluorescene as compared to wildtype zygospores, suggesting differences in the amount or nature of UV-absorbing surface components.
	abstracts.aspb.org /pb2005/public/P31/8082.html (277 words)

	zygospore
		Grep of noun zygospore zygospore Overview of noun zygospore The noun zygospore has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts) 1.
		zygospore -- (a plant spore formed by two similar sexual cells) Overview of noun zygospore The noun zygospore has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts) 1.
		zygospore -- (a plant spore formed by two similar sexual cells)
	www.beetfoundation.com /words/z/alt.zygospore.html (122 words)

	zygospore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It has a relatively simple life cycle, grows well in culture, and both sexual (zygospore) and asexual (sporanium) reproductive stages are relatively large and easy to find on culture plates.
		As in this photomicrograph above, it is easy to identify the young zygospore and the attendant suspensors.
		When the zygospore matures it becomes thick-walled and spiny as in Zygorhynchus, click here)
	www.uoguelph.ca /~gbarron/MISC2004/zygospor.htm (206 words)

	Phylum - Zygomycota
		• Sexual reproduction – Zygospore produced in a zygosporangium from fusion of two similar gametangia
		• Zygospore production is generally similar among species, therefore classification is based on characteristics of asexual reproductive structures
		• After plasmogamy – a thick walled zygospore is produced with a zygosporangium
	bama.ua.edu /~ksuberkp/bsc472/lectures/Zygomycota.htm (1019 words)

	GLOSSARY WXYZ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		zygomycetes One of the division of the fungi, characterized by the production of zygospores; includes the bread molds.
		zygospore In fungi, a structure that forms from the diploid zygote created by the fusion of haploid hyphae of different mating types.
		After a period of dormancy, the zygospore forms sporangia, where meiosis occurs and spores form.
	www.emc.maricopa.edu /faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookglossWXYZ.html (317 words)

	youngzyg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In this slide you can see the young developing zygospore.
		Note that the wall around the zygospore is not very thick yet.
		Click here if you want to see the final stage of the zygospore's development.
	io.uwinnipeg.ca /~simmons/16cm05/16lab05/youngzyg.htm (36 words)

	Zygospore Formation Living Specimen Sets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Catalog :: Biology :: Biology Specimens :: Living Specimens :: Fungi :: WARD’S Zygospore Formation Sets
		Your choice of two sexually reproducing fungi are available in demonstration plates; each set contains a “+” strain on one half of the plate and a “-” strain on the other half, with a line of zygospores already formed at the junction of the mycelia.
		Each set comes with a teacher’s guide and the Working with Fungi manual.
	www.wardsci.com /product.asp?pn=IG0010018 (117 words)

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