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Topic: Alkaloid

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	Alkaloid Networks :: Projects: News
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	projects.alkaloid.net (863 words)

	Alkaloid - LoveToKnow 1911
		The purely chemical literature on the alkaloids is especially voluminous; and from the assiduity with which the constitutions of these substances have been and are still being attacked, we may conclude that their synthesis is but a question of time.
		The opium alkaloids: morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine, narcotine, narceine, andc.; and the complicated substances hydrastine and berberine.
		The chemistry of the alkaloids is treated in detail by Ame Pictet in his La Constitution chimique des alcaloides vegetaux (Paris, 1897); enlarged and translated by H. Biddle with the title The Vegetable Alkaloids (New York, 1904); and by J. Bruhl, E. Hjelt, and O. Aschan: Die Pflanzen-Alkaloide (two).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Alkaloid (447 words)

	alkaloid - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about alkaloid (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Alkaloids are obtained by cutting up the plants and macerating the mass with acidified water in a conical vat, where a layer of lint receives the percolated liquid.
		If the alkaloid is volatile, it is separated with steam after making the mixture alkaline;; if insoluble, it may be obtained by filtration, after which it may be purified by crystallization.
		Rauwolfia alkaloids, produced from the roots of a shrub found in India, include reserpine, which is widely used as a tranquillizer and sedative.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /alkaloid (400 words)

	Alkaloid
		Alkaloids are found in plants (e.g., in potatoes and tomatoes), animals (e.g., in shellfish) and fungi.
		The alkaloids of the quina-barks: quinine, &c.; the strychnos bases: strychnine, brucine; and the veratrum alkaloids: veratrine, cevadine, &c.
		The opium alkaloids: morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine[?], narcotine, narceine, &c.; and the complicated substances hydrastine and berberine.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/al/Alkaloids.html (350 words)

	Alkaloid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alkaloids are found as secondary metabolites in plants (e.g., in potatoes and tomatoes), animals (e.g., in shellfish) and fungi, and can be extracted from their sources by treatment with acids (usually hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, though organic acids such as maleic acid and citric acid are sometimes used).
		Although formally an alkaloid, the class of pyrazoles contain two nitrogen atoms in the aromatic ring structure and are not found in nature.
		Alkaloids are usually classified by their common molecular precursors, based on the metabolic pathway used to construct the molecule.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alkaloid (308 words)

	Alkaloid Summary
		Alkaloids are natural, organic substances that are predominantly found in plants and normally contain at least one nitrogen atom in their chemical structure.
		Alkaloids can occur in all parts of the plant but frequently, depending on the plant species, they accumulate only in particular organs (e.g., in barks, roots, leaves, and fruits), whereas at the same time other organs are alkaloid-free.
		Alkaloids are usually classified by their common molecular precursors, based on the metabolic pathway used to construct the molecule.
	www.bookrags.com /Alkaloid (2718 words)

	Alkaloid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		An alkaloid is a nitrogenous organic molecule that has a pharmacological effect on humans and other animals.
		Alkaloids are found as secondary metabolites in plants (e.g., in potatoes and tomatoes), animals (e.g., in shellfish) and fungi, and can be extracted from their sources by treatment with acids (usually hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, though organic acids such as and citric acid are sometimes used).
		Alkaloids are usually classified by their common molecular precursors, based on the used to construct the molecule.
	www.melrosepark.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Alkaloid (315 words)

	Alkaloid at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Alkaloids are found in plants (e.g., in potatoes and tomatoes), animals (e.g., in shellfish) and fungi.
		The alkaloids of the quina-barks: quinine, &c.; the strychnos bases: strychnine, brucine; and the veratrum alkaloids: veratrine, cevadine, &c.
		The opium alkaloids: morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine, narcotine, narceine, &c.; and the complicated substances hydrastine and berberine.
	www.wiki.tatet.com /Alkaloid.html (390 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for alkaloid (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A poisonous alkaloid occurring in henbane, deadly nightshade, and related plants, with similar pharmacological properties to atropine.[From Greek hyoskyamos, from hys a pig + kyanion cyanide, from kyamos a bean, alluding to the fact that the plant is poisonous to pigs + English...
		A crystalline alkaloid, found in the bark of the tropical African yohimbe tree Corynanthe yohimbe, that acts as a noradrenalin (norepinephrine) agonist (3) and is taken as a sympathomimetic central nervous system stimulant drug and, in its hydrochloride form, as an aphrodisiac.
		A poisonous alkaloid obtained from the deadly nightshade plant Atropa belladonna, being a muscarine antagonist (3) that blocks the action of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system, paralysing smooth muscles, and is used as a pre-anaesthetic medication and an antidote to...
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=alkaloid&StartAt=41 (821 words)

	Alkaloid
		Alkaloids are found primarily in plants and are especially common in certain families of flowering plants.
		The alkaloid tubocurarine is the active ingredient in the South American arrow poison, curare (obtained from Chondodendron tomentosum), and is used as a muscle relaxant in surgery.
		The alkaloid coniine is the active component of the poison hemlock (Conium maculatum).
	www.landborgen.net /EOL/html/Alkaloid.htm (1055 words)

	[No title]
		Alkaloids are any class of naturally occurring organic nitrogen containing bases, usually containing one or more of these nitrogen atoms in a ring of atoms called a cyclic system.
		Alkaloids are primarily found in plants and are predominant in flowering plant species.
		ISP induced apoptotic cell death as shown by the translocation of phosphatidylserine from the inner layer to the outer layer of the plasma membrane, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and caspase-3 and -9activation.
	www.lycos.com /info/alkaloid--plants.html (594 words)

	Lycaeum > Leda > Quick Test for Reed Canarygrass Alkaloid Concentration
		Alkaloid concentrations determined by a summation of readings over five dilutions using the quick test were highly correlated (r = 0.94, P <.01) with concentrations determined by the quantitative laboratory test of Simons and Marten (1971).
		The alkaloid ratings by this precipitate test were not corrected for moisture in the sample, because we were primarily interested in a quick test that would provide relative rather than absolute alkaloid concentration.
		Alkaloid concentration of the sample dry matter is greater than 0.20% if a dense silicotungstate precipitate (rating of 5) forms immediately (assuming about 20 to 25% DM in 5 g of fresh grass and use of 6 ml of HMSO, for partitioning).
	leda.lycaeum.org /?ID=16357 (2143 words)

	Alkaloid - Definition, explanation
		Alkaloids are found as secondary metabolites in plants (e.g., in potatoes and tomatoes), animals (e.g., in shellfish) and fungi, and can be extracted from their sources by treatment with acids (usually hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, though organic acids such as maleic acid and citric acid are sometimes used).
		Even though many alkaloids are poisonous (such as strychnine or coniine), some are used in medicine as analgesics (pain relievers) or anaesthetics, particularly morphine and codeine.
		Alkaloids are usually classified by their common molecular precursors, based on the biological pathway used to construct the molecule.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/a/al/alkaloid.php (403 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		All ergot alkaloids have similar effects on cattle but differ in their potency, with ergovaline being the most potent alkaloid identified in tall fescue.
		The usual cocaine alkaloid content of a sample of coca leaf material is between 0.1 and 0.8 percent.
		The cocaine alkaloid content can go much higher, however, as was shown in one sample of coca leaf from the Chapare region in Bolivia that measured 1.2 percent.
	lycos.cs.cmu.edu /info/alkaloid.html (508 words)

	Process for the extraction and purification of alkaloids - Patent 5684155
		The alkaloid is recovered from the clarified extract in a second extraction step by means of an organic solvent, or be absorption on a cationic exchange resin or by adsorption on an adsorbing material.
		The process according to claim 1, wherein said step of purification of the alkaloid from said second extract, in which the alkaloid is contained in the form of a free base in organic solvent, comprises the step of evaporating the solvent under vacuum and solubilizing the free base in a strong mineral acid.
		According to the known processes, the alkaloid is then extracted from the organic solvent with aqueous solutions of mineral acids, whereby it is transformed from a free base into a salt soluble in an aqueous solution of the used acid, or it is recovered as free base by complete evaporation of the solvent.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5684155.html (5816 words)

	Vinca alkaloid containing regimen for advanced breast cancer (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Subgroups were classified according to types of vinca alkaloid (vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, vindesine), types of regimen (vinca alkaloid alone vs. regimen not containing vinca alkaloid; vinca alkaloid plus regimen A vs. regimen A; vinca alkaloid plus regimen A vs. regimen B), and option of use (first-line therapy and second-line therapy).
		Total and subgroup adverse effects in vinca alkaloid containing regimen and regimen not containing vinca alkaloid were comparable.
		Conclusions: Vinca alkaloid containing regimen might be equal or even worse in efficacy than regimen not containing vinca alkaloid, and might increase adverse effects in neurological system.
	www.cochrane.org /colloquia/abstracts/ottawa/P-139.htm (517 words)

	Public Citizen \| Publications - Petition to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requesting the ban of production and ...
		The ephedrine alkaloid dietary supplements are as dangerous as prescription or over the counter ephedrine alkaloid drugs because ephedrine alkaloid dietary supplements contain the same compounds found in synthetically synthesized ephedrine alkaloid medications and, hence, have the same pharmacological and toxicological activity.
		While combining ephedrine alkaloids with stimulants to produce an amphetamine-like effect is prohibited by the FDA, Gurley found combinations of ephedrine alkaloids and caffeine containing substances to be commonplace in the dietary supplements he studied.
		This apparently inherent ability of ephedrine alkaloids to provoke chest pain and induce myocardial infarction in healthy patients is of particular concern because of the implications for vulnerable patients using other medications or with previously undiagnosed underlying medical conditions.
	www.citizen.org /publications/release.cfm?ID=7053 (4477 words)

	The Ecological Significance of Lipophilic Alkaloids in the Dendrobatidae (Amphibia: Anura)
		The Ecological Significance of Lipophilic Alkaloids in the Dendrobatidae (Amphibia: Anura)
		Their common name comes from the potent lipophilic alkaloids contained in the granular glands of their skin, which are used by natives of the Choco region of Columbia to poison blowgun darts.
		These alkaloids were found along with several alkaloids from the synthetic mixture added to their diet, namely allopumiliotoxin 267A, the 2,5-dimethyl-cis-decahydroquinoline, 5,8-disubstituted indolizidines 205A and 207A, and trace amounts of the isodihydrohistrionicotoxin 285A.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Entomology/courses/en570/papers_2000/carr.html (3064 words)

	Pharmaceutical preparation possessing antinicotine effect and method of producing same in a gum carrier - Patent 4971079
		To improve the taste characteristics of the pharmaceutical preparation according to the present invention and prevent the hypovitaminous state in a smoker, it is advisable that it contain aminocarboxycellulose modified with ascorbic acid and taken in an amount of from 5 to 15% of its total mass.
		The upper limit is determined by the limit of saturation of the polymeric carrier with the alkaloid, while the lower limit is characterized by the possibility of using the preparation in different pharmaceutical forms, in particular in the form of pharmaceutical films, tablets for retrobuccal administration, chewing tablets.
		In the form of various tablets it is possible to lower the concentration of the antinicotine-action alkaloid in the pharmaceutical preparation to the level ensuring its single therapeutic dose in a formed piece.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4971079.html (5292 words)

	[No title]
		Nicotine, a liquid alkaloid present in the smoke, is absorbed best through highly vascularized mucous membranes, particularly beneath the tongue, along the bucal cavity, in the stomach and small intestines, and from the tips of the lungs (alveoli).
		Activated charcoal is indicated for all tropane alkaloid poisonings, within an hour of ingestion, with the possible exception of poisoning from smoking leaves.
		Vinflunine is a novel vinca alkaloid obtained by semi-synthesis using super-acidic chemistry to selectively introduce two fluorine atoms at the 20' position of vinorelbine.
	www.lycos.com /info/alkaloid--miscellaneous.html (549 words)

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