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Topic: Aluminum

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Aluminium

Aluminium

Alumina

Manganese

Iron

Chromium

Zinc

Metal

Tungsten

TIG

Cryolite

Aluminium oxide

Aluminium chloride

Holmium

Molluscicide

	Aluminum Casting Processes
		Aluminum is one of the few metals that can be cast by all of the processes used in casting metals.
		Aluminum die castings weighing up to about 5 kg are common, but castings weighing as much as 50 kg are produced when the high tooling and casting-machine costs are justified.
		Aluminum alloys commonly used for investment castings are 208.0, 295.0, 308.0, 355.0, 356.0, 443,0, 514.0, 535.0 and 712.0.
	www.key-to-metals.com /Article59.htm (2063 words)

	Aluminum
		Aluminum appears to be a copper antagonist as is cadmium.
		The levels of aluminum found in spleen were significantly increased by gluconic and ascorbic acids, whereas gluconic and oxalic acids also raised the concentrations of aluminum found in kidneys.
		Aluminum toxicity has to be considered a primary way that copper gets depleted, and hence a primary cause of the copper deficiency diseases: collagen failure, hernias, high cholesterol, heart disease, aneurysms, and hyperthyroidism.
	www.ithyroid.com /aluminum.htm (2101 words)

	Aluminium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aluminium or aluminum (Symbol Al) (see the spelling section below) is a silvery and ductile member of the poor metal group of chemical elements.
		Aluminium is found primarily as the ore bauxite and is remarkable for its resistance to oxidation (due to the phenomenon of passivation), its strength, and its light weight.
		In most English-speaking nations, the spelling aluminium predominates, and the spelling aluminum is largely unknown, however in the United States, its former possessions, and Canada, the converse is true: the spelling aluminium is largely unknown, and the spelling aluminum predominates.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aluminum (4127 words)

	TEE Reference Data Sheet for Aluminum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Pure aluminum is soft and lacks strength, but can easily be formed, machined, or cast; has a high thermal conductivity; and has excellent corrosion resistance due to a protective coating of aluminum oxide formed on the surface (this coating is at times deliberately thickened in the process of "anodizing").
		Aluminum particles, when in dust, powder, or flake forms from operations such as manufacturing powder, grinding, finishing, and processing, may be suspended as a dust cloud in air and consequently may ignite and cause serious damage.
		Aluminum is not generally regarded as an industrial poison, although inhalation of finely divided aluminum powder has been reported as a cause of pneumoconiosis.
	www.meridianeng.com /aluminum.html (2061 words)

	Aluminium aluminum - properties and use - page 1
		Generally speaking, 2 tons of alumina is obtained from 4 tones of bauxite and one ton of aluminum is obtained from 2 tones of alumina.
		Aluminum obtained from the electrolysis cell is named as "primary aluminum".
		Extrusion is the process of shaping a metal, such as aluminum, by forcing it to flow through a shaped opening in a die.
	www.angelfire.com /al/aluminum/aluwebsayfam2.html (1728 words)

	Aluminum
		Containers of aluminum may explode in the heat of the fire and should be moved from the fire area if it is possible to do so safely.
		It appears that the aluminum content of the brain is less an issue relating to exposure to aluminum than an issue of a blood-brain barrier defect or compromise of some kind [Amdur et al.
		Aluminum should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in tightly sealed containers that are labeled in accordance with OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard [29 CFR 1910.1200].
	www.osha.gov /SLTC/healthguidelines/aluminum/recognition.html (3664 words)

	Aluminum Recycling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Aluminum cans can not be reduced, but they can be reused in art projects or recycled.
		Making aluminum form recycled aluminum requires less than five (5) percent of the energy originally used to make aluminum from bauxite ore. That's like improving the gas mileage of your car nineteen (19) times.
		In the final stage, a high-voltage electrical current is passed through the mixture to separate the aluminum from the oxygen.
	www.deq.state.la.us /assistance/recycling/home/aluminum.htm (584 words)

	Aluminum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The method of obtaining aluminum metal by the electrolysis of alumina dissolved in cryolite was dicovered in 1886 by Hall in the U.S. and at about the same time by Heroult in France.
		Aluminum is the most abundant metal to be found in the earth's crust (8.1%), but is never found free in nature.
		The compounds of greatest importance are aluminum oxide, the sulfate, and the soluble sulfate with potassium (alum).
	www.scescape.net /~woods/elements/aluminum.html (495 words)

	ArtLex on Aluminum or Aluminium
		Aluminum melts at 1220°F (660.2°C) and can be cast and welded.
		It is available in a wide variety of colors (possible through a process called anodizing), and is often used in paints, foil, jewelry, and welding and is used when lightness combined with strength is desired.
		Although bauxite is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust, the processes necessary to creating aluminum were not developed until 1825, and aluminum was not used extensively until the twentieth century.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/a/aluminum.html (209 words)

	Aluminum - 1-800-Bike-Pro / Buyer's Guide
		Aluminum is used for many parts on bicycles because of its desirable properties, which include low density (light weight), high specific strength (which is commonly known as strength-to-weight ratio), its resistance to corrosion, and in the case of brake pad holders and rims, its thermal conductivity.
		Aluminum is extracted electrolytically from bauxite ore. It is made by the electrolysis of aluminum oxide which is found in larger concentrations within bauxite ore. Bauxite is a mixture of the hydroxides of aluminum, together with other impurities such as oxides of iron, titanium, and silicon.
		The aluminum oxide is dissolved in electric furnaces, (resembling melting pots) in a molten bath of sodium-aluminum fluoride at 940 to 980 degrees centigrade (1725 to 1800 degrees fahrenheit).
	www.bikepro.com /products/metals/alum.html (4599 words)

	QQzzAAzz -- Aluminium --
		In my opinion the reason why aluminum is such a potential danger is that it has not been appreciated until recently that it is a long lasting neurotoxin and the food and aluminum industries are reluctant to allow such a cheap source of food additives to be taken from them.
		Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earths crust.
		Aluminum is also in baking powder, baking soda, (health food stores have alum free), dark teas, cake mixes, frozen dough, non-dairy creamers, flouride toothpaste, anti-diarrhoeal drugs, and very high in processed cheese of any kind.
	www.qznaz.com /aluminum.htm (1742 words)

	aluminum
		Aluminum is a silver-white metal with a face-centered cubic crystalline structure.
		Commercially, aluminum is prepared by the Hall-Héroult process, which consists essentially of the electrolysis of alumina prepared from bauxite and dissolved in fused cryolite.
		Aluminum; the lightweight metal is suiting up for the space-frame age.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0803542.html (582 words)

	eFunda: General Information on Aluminum Alloys
		Aluminum is a silverish white metal that has a strong resistance to corrosion and like gold, is rather malleable.
		Aluminum alloys have a strong resistance to corrosion which is a result of an oxide skin that forms as a result of reactions with the atmosphere.
		Aluminum connectors have a tendency to become loosened after repeated usage leading to arcing and fire, which requires extra precaution and special design when using aluminum wiring in buildings.
	www.efunda.com /materials/alloys/aluminum/aluminum.cfm (295 words)

	C&EN: IT'S ELEMENTAL: THE PERIODIC TABLE - ALUMINUM
		Aluminum, like most elements, has its share of interesting trivia: For example, a 2.73-kg pyramid of "precious" 1884 aluminum metal sits atop the Washington Monument.
		While Hans Christian Oersted is acknowledged as the first to isolate aluminum in 1825 in Copenhagen, Denmark, the eminent German chemist Friedrich Wöhler is generally regarded as the first to secure a pure sample of the element by chemical reduction in 1827.
		Certainly, the aluminum industry as we know it today is due to the creative genius of Hall and Héroult.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/80th/aluminum.html (664 words)

	13 Aluminum
		Although aluminum is still more expensive than iron/steel, it is often used in place of cast iron because it is much easier to cast, and because the resulting pieces are much easier to lift.
		Aluminum wiring is used today only for large-diameter service entrance cable, because it's difficult and often dangerous when used for individual branch circuits, as it was for a time during the 1970's.
		This is a very fine powder of aluminum which I purchased 5 pounds of for doing thermite experiments in preparation for a Popular Science column article that may or may not ever happen.
	www.theodoregray.com /PeriodicTable/Elements/013/index.s7.html (4414 words)

	MIT Global Change Joint Program Report 44
		Aluminum producers in Annex B countries face the possibility that they, along with other industries, may be called upon by governments to make cuts in their emissions.
		This corresponds to a global mean specific emission of CF from aluminum smelters in 1995 of 0.48 0.05 kg CF per ton of aluminum produced, a decrease of approximately 35% relative to levels in the late 1980s.
		emission of 0.066 +/- 0.015 kg/T in 1995 from aluminum smelters.
	web.mit.edu /globalchange/www/rpt44.html (6482 words)

	Al = Aluminum - a Toxic Element - Linked to many diseases in humans
		Aluminum was observed to accumulate in all regions of the brain with maximum accumulation in the hippocampus.
		Aluminum was also seen to compartmentalize in almost all the tissues of the body to varying extents, and the highest accumulation was in the spleen.
		Aluminum toxicity is a widespread problem in all forms of life, including humans, animals, fish, plants and trees, and causes widespread degradation of the environment and health.
	www.luminet.net /~wenonah/hydro/al.htm (6023 words)

	AECyberguide - Aluminum Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Aluminum is derived from bauxite, a mineral mined from the earth.
		The molten aluminum is siphoned from the bottom of the smelter and placed in a crucible, then formed into ingot or transferred to an alloying furnace.
		Aluminum can be recycled and reused over and over without losing any of its characteristic attributes--there is no loss of quality in using recycled aluminum.
	www.aec.org /cyberg/aluminumoverview.htm (1757 words)

	It's Elemental - The Element Aluminum
		Although aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust, it is never found free in nature.
		With an easy way to extract aluminum from aluminum oxide and an easy way to extract large amounts of aluminum oxide from bauxite, the era of inexpensive aluminum had begun.
		Today, aluminum and aluminum alloys are used in a wide variety of products: cans, foils and kitchen utensils, as well as parts of airplanes, rockets and other items that require a strong, light material.
	education.jlab.org /itselemental/ele013.html (485 words)

	Alzheimer's Disease and Aluminum - NIEHS Alphabetical Listing of Health Topics
		The significance of environmental contact with aluminum is further diminished by the fact that less than 1% of that taken into the body orally is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
		For example, in one study, tomato sauce cooked in aluminum pans was found to accumulate 3-6 mg aluminum per 100 g serving.
		Certain aluminum compounds have been found to be an important component of the neurological damage characteristics of Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
	www.niehs.nih.gov /external/faq/aluminum.htm (492 words)

	Aluminum
		The jamb, head and sill of the sliding panel shall be double weather-stripped with silicone treated polypropylene pile to present a weather-tight seal against normal elements when units are in closed position.
		The non-handed surface mounted pull handle shall be of 6063-T5 aluminum, with the actuator made of high alloy heat treated steel.
		A non-hardening mastic compatible with aluminum shall be provided by the window installer and applied in sufficient quantity to provide a watertight seal between window and surrounding construction.
	www.mayfairwindow.com /s3000.htm (630 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Aluminum
		Large amounts of aluminum have been shown to be harmful to unborn and developing animals because it can cause delays in skeletal and neurological development.
		Exposure to the low levels of aluminum that are naturally present in food and water and the forms of aluminum present in dirt and aluminum cookware is generally not harmful.
		EPA recommends that the concentration of aluminum in drinking water not exceed 0.2 parts of aluminum per million parts of water (0.2 ppm) because of aesthetic effects, such as taste and odor problems.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts22.html (989 words)

	Aluminum wiring (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		During the 1970's, aluminum (instead of copper) wiring became quite popular and was extensively used.
		Aluminum wiring is, however, very unforgiving of improper installation.
		The main problem with aluminum wiring is a phenomenon known as "cold creep".
	www.faqs.org /faqs/electrical-wiring/part2/section-16.html (617 words)

	Special Deals for Alcoa Aluminum Texas' Largest Grandfathered Polluter
		This is the story of political influence and special deals, and a community fighting to protect their land and water in the face of a powerful industry and an indifferent state government.
		The Rockdale aluminum smelter discharges about 104,000 tons of air emissions per year, making it the largest grandfathered polluter in the state.
		Given the economy and supply of the world-wide aluminum industry, and that the cost of power for the Rockdale operations is the highest in Alcoa's system, a mandate to use one of these options would threaten the economic viability of Rockdale operations." Source: 1995 State Implementation Plan.
	www.txpeer.org /toxictour/alcoa.html (1191 words)

	USGS Minerals Information: Aluminum
		Aluminum is the second most abundant metallic element in the Earth's crust after silicon, yet it is a comparatively new industrial metal that has been produced in commercial quantities for just over 100 years.
		Measured either in quantity or value, aluminum's use exceeds that of any other metal except iron, and it is important in virtually all segments of the world economy.
		A common practice since the early 1900's, aluminum recycling is not new.
	minerals.usgs.gov /minerals/pubs/commodity/aluminum (261 words)

	The Dangers of Aluminum Toxicity - Alternative Medicine
		When there is a high level of absorption of aluminum and silicon, the combination can result in an accumulation of certain compounds in the cerebral cortex and can prevent nerve impulses being carried to and from the brain properly.
		Aluminum is also an additive in most baking powders, is used in food processing, and is present in antiperspirants, toothpaste, dental amalgams, bleached flour, grated cheese, table salt, and beer, (especially when the beer is in aluminum cans).
		Aluminum is more readily dissolved by acid forming foods, such as coffee, cheese, meat, fl and green tea, cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes, turnips, spinach and radishes.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art7739.asp (646 words)

	Aluminum?
		If an aluminum compound, such as aluminum chlorohydrate or aluminum zirconium, which is very soluble, is used as an antiperspirant, that compound is readily absorbed.
		Once in the body, the aluminum portion of the molecule ionizes, forming free or radical aluminum (Al+++).
		It is this concentration of aluminum that has been the source of concern in the medical community and has prompted the research being done on ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE and BREAST CANCER victims.
	www.deodorantcrystal.com /aluminum.htm (376 words)

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