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Topic: Amino


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  Amino acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Amino acid residue is what is left of an amino acid once a water molecule has been lost (an H+ from the nitrogenous side and an OH- from the carboxylic side) in the formation of a peptide bond.
Many amino acids are used to synthesize other molecules, such as tryptophan which is a precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin, and glycine which is one of the reactants in the synthesis of porphyrins such as heme.
In humans, the essential amino acids are lysine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, and (in children) histidine and arginine.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Amino_acid   (1731 words)

  
 amino acid on Encyclopedia.com   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
The 20 amino acids commonly found in animals are alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine.
When the carboxyl carbon atom of one amino acid covalently binds to the amino nitrogen atom of another amino acid with the release of a water molecule, a peptide bond is formed.
Amino acids are released in the intestinal tract by the digestion of food proteins and are then carried in the bloodstream to the body cells, where they are used for growth, maintenance, and repair.
www.encyclopedia.com /html/a1/aminoaci.asp   (745 words)

  
 Essential amino acid - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
Eight amino acids are generally regarded as essential for humans: tryptophan, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine.
Foodstuffs that lack essential amino acids are poor sources of protein equivalents, as the body tends to deaminate the amino acids obtained, converting proteins into fats and carbohydrates.
Therefore, a balance of essential amino acids is necessary for a high degree of net protein utilization, which is the mass ratio of amino acids converted to proteins to amino acids supplied.
encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /essential_amino_acid.htm   (698 words)

  
 Essential amino acid - Open Encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
Foodstuffs that are lacking essential amino acids are poor sources of protein equivalents, as the body will tend to deaminate the amino acids obtained and convert proteins into fats and carbohydrates instead.
This figure is somewhat affected by salvage of essential amino acids in the body, but otherwise is profoundly affected by the limiting amino acid content, which is the essential amino acid found in the smallest quantity in the foodstuff.
For instance, taurine (which is not, by strict definition, an amino acid) is essential for the cat, but not for the dog; thus, taurine is added to commercial cat food, but not to dog food - and therefore, dog food is not nutritionally sufficient for cats.
open-encyclopedia.com /Essential_amino_acid   (373 words)

  
 Learn more about Amino acid in the online encyclopedia.   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
Some molecules like proline don't contain an amino group and chemically are not amino acids (technically proline is an imino acid), but are also classified as such because of functional similarity to real amino acids in living cells.
Other amino acids contained in proteins are usually the result of modification after translation (protein synthesis).
Some of the 20 amino acids in the genetic code are essential amino acids, meaning that they cannot be synthesized by the body from other compounds through chemical reactions, but instead must be taken in with food.
www.onlineencyclopedia.org /a/am/amino_acid.html   (598 words)

  
 Amino Vital FAQs
Amino acids are the building blocks of protein and the "construction material" of virtually all your body's lean mass.
This is in part the result of the amino acid, arginine, in Amino Vital®, which removes the toxins that accumulate during muscle exertion, and in part thanks to your muscles having a plentiful supply of branched-chain amino acids available to begin repairing and restoring your muscles immediately.
Amino Vital® is a comprehensive sports performance supplement designed to supply and replenish fluids, amino acids and other nutrients lost during exercise.
www.amino-vital.com /faq.asp   (1936 words)

  
 Amino - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In chemistry, especially in organic chemistry and biochemistry, an amino group is an ammonia-like functional group composed of a nitrogen and two hydrogen atoms covalently linked.
It is a basic functional group that can give the free electron pair of the nitrogen atom to the proton of an acid.
A compound containing an amino group is called an amine.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Amino   (94 words)

  
 Amino Acids
The precise amino acid content, and the sequence of those amino acids, of a specific protein, is determined by the sequence of the bases in the gene that encodes that protein.
As we learn about amino acids, it is important to keep in mind that one of the more important reasons to understand amino acid structure and properties is to be able to understand protein structure and properties.
The essential amino acids are arginine (required for the young, but not for adults), histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
www.biology.arizona.edu /biochemistry/problem_sets/aa/aa.html   (479 words)

  
 Amino Acids
Amino acids have special common names, however, a three letter abbreviation for the name is used most of the time.
Normally, an amino acid produces a nearly neutral solution since the acid group and the basic amine group on the root amino acid neutralize each other in the zwitterion.
Since an amino acid has both an amine and acid group which have been neutralized in the zwitterion, the amino acid is neutral unless there is an extra acid or base on the side chain.
www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/561aminostructure.html   (669 words)

  
 Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine: Amino acids
Amino acids are known as the building blocks of protein, and are defined as the group of nitrogen-containing organic compounds composing the structure of proteins.
The "non-essential" amino acids include arginine, tyrosine, glycine, serine, glutmamic acid, aspartic acid, taurine, cycstine, histidine, proline, alanine, and creatine, which is a combination of arginine, glycine, and methionine.
Amino acid therapy as a supplemental aid to a healthy diet joined the fitness craze in the United States by the end of the 1990s.
www.findarticles.com /g2603/0001/2603000153/p1/article.jhtml   (979 words)

  
 Biochemistry of Amino Acids
The hydrophobic amino acids tend to repel the aqueous environment and, therefore, reside predominantly in the interior of proteins.
The hydrophilic amino acids tend to interact with the aqeuous environment, are often involved in the formation of H-bonds and are predominantly found on the exterior surfaces proteins or in the reactive centers of enzymes.
Conversely, the hydrophilic amino acids are generally found on the exterior of proteins as well as in the active centers of enzymatically active proteins.
www.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/amino-acids.html   (939 words)

  
 Amino Acids
Amino acids comprise protein (or protein is comprised of amino acids).
Amino acids are organic compounds with at least one amino group and one carboxl group.
The fact that all 8 essential amino acids must be present in the gut at the same time for a complete protein to be formed is integral to the timing of Amino Acid HGH Secretagogue supplementation.
www.csmngt.com /amino_acids.htm   (1061 words)

  
 Amino Acids   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
a non-essential amino acid whose main function is the metabolism of tryptophan and pyridoxine
an essential amino acid because it cannot be synthesized in the body and its breakdown is irreversible
a non-essential amino acid derived from glycine, contributing to the formation of cystine from homocysteine
www.innvista.com /health/nutrition/amino   (317 words)

  
 Amino Acid Metabolism
In times of dietary surplus, the potentially toxic nitrogen of amino acids is eliminated via transaminations, deamination, and urea formation; the carbon skeletons are generally conserved as carbohydrate, via gluconeogenesis, or as fatty acid via fatty acid synthesis pathways.
The importance of glutamate as a common intracellular amino donor for transamination reactions and of aspartate as a precursor of ornithine for the urea cycle is described in the Nitrogen Metabolism page.
The amino group transported from the muscle to the liver in the form of alanine is converted to urea in the urea cycle and excreted.
web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/amino-acid-metabolism.html   (3753 words)

  
 Heteromeric amino acid transporters: biochemistry, genetics, and physiology -- Chillarón et al. 281 (6): 995 -- ...
Amino acid residues conserved in O1,6G are shown shaded in gray.
Conserved amino acid residues in all the LSHAT subfamily members (31 transporters, excluding the mammalian orphan transporters) are indicated inside filled circles or squares.
Amino acid residues with small side chain (i.e., Gly, Ser, or Ala) in all of these transporters are indicated in gray circles or squares.
ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/6/F995   (8692 words)

  
 Activation of system L heterodimeric amino acid exchangers by intracellular substrates -- Meier et al. 21 (4): 580 -- ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
The endogenous amino acid pool of Xenopus oocytes is not modified by the expression of LAT1- or LAT2-4F2hc in the absence of extracellular amino acids.
Amino acids contained in oocytes were separated by HPLC and quantified as described in Materials and methods.
Ritchie,J.W. and Taylor,P.M. (2001) Role of the system L permease LAT1 in amino acid and iodothyronine transport in placenta.
embojournal.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/21/4/580   (5875 words)

  
 Amino Acid Transport Regulation and Early Embryo Development -- Van Winkle 64 (1): 1 -- Biology of Reproduction
Amino acid transport regulation in preimplantation mouse embryos: effects on amino acid content and pre- and peri-implantation development.
Differences in amino acid content of preimplantation mouse embryos that develop in vitro versus in vivo: in vitro effects of five amino acids that are abundant in oviductal secretions.
Lewis AMCD, Kaye PL. Characterization of glutamine uptake in mouse two-cell embryos and blastocysts.
www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/64/1/1   (7606 words)

  
 Function and structure of heterodimeric amino acid transporters -- Wagner et al. 281 (4): C1077 -- AJP - Cell Physiology
LAT1 is a protein consisting of 511 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of ~56 kDa (104, 142).
amino acids in the absence of Na and neutral amino acids in the presence of Na Na
Cystinuria is an inherited hyperaminoaciduria (OMIM 220100 and OMIM 600918) of cystine and the dibasic amino acids arginine,
ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/4/C1077   (8581 words)

  
 MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Amino acids
Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form proteins.
The human body requires a number of amino acids to grow and breakdown food.
Nonessential amino acids are made by the body from the essential amino acids.
www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/002222.htm   (245 words)

  
 United Press International - Science & Technology (no pub) - Researchers create novel life form   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
By adding a novel amino acid, another protein building block, the bacterium could produce proteins not found in nature and with unknown potential, he said.
Mehl said the extra amino acid did not affect the bacterium's growth.
The stop codon chosen was one that occurs least frequently in the E. coli strain used in the experiment, he said.
www.upi.com /view.cfm?StoryID=20030113-061458-1878r   (771 words)

  
 Amino Acids
Amino acids are the basic structural units of proteins.
An alpha-amino acid consists of an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a distinctive R group bonded to a carbon atom, which is called the alpha-carbon because it is adjacent to the carboxyl (acidic) group.
To view the amino acid structures using Rasmol click on the appropriate amino acid images below.
wbiomed.curtin.edu.au /teach/biochem/tutorials/AAs/AA.html   (211 words)

  
 Testimonials - Amino Vital   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
"Amino Vital® has been a great support in my journey to becoming #1 in the world.
Amino Vital makes me realize that my body and brain have literally been half asleep during my previous 8 years of training.
Amino Vital® is a key factor in facilitating and enhancing our athletes' recovery.
www.amino-vital.com /testimonials.html   (1683 words)

  
 AllRefer.com - amino acid (Biochemistry) - Encyclopedia
amino acid[umE´nO] Pronunciation Key, any one of a class of simple organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and in certain cases sulfur.
Every amino acid except glycine can occur as either of two optically active stereoisomers,
More articles from AllRefer Reference on amino acid
reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/aminoaci.html   (345 words)

  
 Conserved tyrosine-147 plays a critical role in the ligand-gated current of the epithelial cation/amino acid ...
of 1899 nucleotides encoding a membrane polypeptide of 633 amino
amino acids for (A) CAATCH1 WT and (B) CAATCH1 Y147F.
For A, in the case of methionine, leucine, phenylalanine and glycine, the blockade of inward current is represented by inverted I/V data as a result of the subtraction protocol representing the algebraic inverse of the inhibited current.
jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/205/16/2545   (4449 words)

  
 Amino - specialists in products and technology for IPTV, triple-play, and in-home multimedia distribution
Welcome to Amino Communications, the specialist in products and technology for IPTV, triple-play, and in-home multimedia distribution.
The Amino range of compact, high functionality set-top boxes is used by leading telecoms operators and service providers worldwide.
Amino also provides systems consultancy, and is supported by world-class technology partners.
www.aminocom.com   (86 words)

  
 Amino Acid Transport Regulation and Early Embryo Development -- Van Winkle 64 (1): 1 -- Biology of Reproduction
Amino Acid Transport Regulation and Early Embryo Development -- Van Winkle 64 (1): 1 -- Biology of Reproduction
Amino Acid Transport Regulation and Early Embryo Development
Amino acids are essential components of media utilized to culture
www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/abstract/64/1/1   (433 words)

  
 Amino Unveils Set-Top Box With PVR - Home Video News - Designtechnica
Amino Communications will debut the smallest IPTV (Internet Protocol television) set-top box with integral Personal Video Recorder (PVR) at IBC in Amsterdam on 10th September.
The AmiNET500 is the latest addition to Amino's award winning range of small, low-cost, high performance set-top boxes and contains an 80Gbyte hard disk drive which is capable of storing around 40 hours of program material.
The product has been developed in response to requests from telcos experiencing consumer demand for PVRs as part of their IPTV services.
news.designtechnica.com /article5225.html   (514 words)

  
 Expression of heteromeric amino acid transporters along the murine intestine -- Dave et al. 558 (2): 597 -- The Journal ...
Expression of heteromeric amino acid transporters along the murine intestine -- Dave et al.
of amino acids is highlighted by the fact that mutations in
intestine suggests their involvement in amino acids absorption.
jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/abstract/558/2/597   (399 words)

  
 Function and structure of heterodimeric amino acid transporters -- Wagner et al. 281 (4): C1077 -- AJP - Cell Physiology
Function and structure of heterodimeric amino acid transporters -- Wagner et al.
Heterodimeric amino acid transporters are comprised of two subunits, a polytopic membrane protein (light chain) and an associated
amino acid transporters and suggest that despite high grades of
ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/281/4/C1077   (814 words)

  
 Apical heterodimeric cystine and cationic amino acid transporter expressed in MDCK cells -- Bauch and Verrey 283 (1): ...
Apical heterodimeric cystine and cationic amino acid transporter expressed in MDCK cells -- Bauch and Verrey 283 (1): 181 -- AJP - Renal Physiology
Apical heterodimeric cystine and cationic amino acid transporter expressed in MDCK cells
-cystine and cationic amino acids by (re)absorptive epithelia, as found in the small intestine and
ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/283/1/F181   (381 words)

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