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Topic: Anesthesia

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Local anesthesia

Regional anesthesia

General anesthesia

General anaesthetic

William Thomas Green Morton

Horace Wells

Anesthesia awareness

Medical

Enflurane

Epidural anaesthesia

Anesthetic drugs

Anesthetic machine

Postoperative nausea and vomiting

Isoflurane

Halothane

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	MedlinePlus: Anesthesia
		Regional anesthesia: blocks pain in an area of the body, such an arm or leg.
		Epidural anesthesia, which is sometimes used during childbirth, is a type of regional anesthesia.
		The type of anesthesia your doctor chooses depends on many factors.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/anesthesia.html (370 words)

	Anesthesia-Topic Overview
		Anesthesia is the use of medications and close monitoring to provide comfort and maintain vital life functions during surgery or other medical procedures.
		Your anesthesia specialist, whether it is an anesthesiologist or a nurse anesthetist, is responsible for your comfort and safety during your surgery.
		Anesthesia is used to relax (sedate) you, block pain sensations (analgesia and anesthesia), induce sleepiness or forgetfulness (amnesia), or make you unconscious for your surgery.
	www.webmd.com /pain-management/tc/Anesthesia-Topic-Overview (1104 words)

	Anesthesia Evaluation: Encyclopedia of Surgery
		Anesthesia evaluation refers to the series of interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory tests that are generally used in North America and western Europe to assess the general fitness of patients scheduled for surgery and to determine the need for special precautions or additional testing.
		Anesthesia evaluation is a relatively recent development in preoperative patient care.
		The anesthesiologist is responsible for interviewing the patient during the anesthesia evaluation.
	health.enotes.com /surgery-encyclopedia/anesthesia-evaluation (1746 words)

	Anesthesia- Health Encyclopedia and Reference
		But from the moment surgery begins, the anesthesiologist is constantly busy with tasks that can mean the difference between life and death.
		In preparation for all of this, anesthesiologists have at least eight years of medical education, with intensive training in giving anesthesia and in caring for anesthetized patients.
		Nurse anesthetists - registered nurses who have had additional training and certification in anesthesiology - also may anesthetize patients under the supervision of an anesthesiologist or the surgeon.
	www.drdean.healthcentral.com /encyclopedia/408/657/Anesthesia.html (358 words)

	Dr. Koop - Anesthesia- Health Encyclopedia and Reference
		Thanks to general anesthesia, people simply cannot remember much after they reach the operating room.
		He or she must frequently adjust the balance of various drugs used to begin, maintain, and reverse anesthesia; typically, 7 to 10 agents are needed to achieve the desired effects.
		The anesthesiologist also regulates basic life functions, such as breathing and heart rate, which unconscious patients are unable to do on their own.
	www.drkoop.com /encyclopedia/93/657.html (340 words)

	Anesthesia
		In a typical clinical procedure, known as balanced anesthesia, the patient is premedicated with a sedative intended to relieve pre-operative anxiety and facilitate the induction of anesthesia itself (often this is a benzodiazepine such as diazepam or midazolam; otherwise, a barbiturate such as thiopental or nonbenzodiazepine such as propofol may perform this function).
		After intubation and connection to a ventilator for artificial respiration, general anesthesia may be maintained by a mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide, often in combination with a volatile agent (e.g., halothane, enflurane, or isoflurane) or intravenous drug.
		General anesthesia is sometimes called a "controlled coma", as indexed by four features: (1) the lack of motor response to instructions; (2) suppression of autonomic and skeletal responses to intraoperative stimuli such as incisions; (3) absence of retrospective awareness of pain; and (4) postoperative amnesia for surgical events such as conversations among the medical team.
	www.institute-shot.com /anesthesia_and_surgery.htm (2782 words)

	Anesthesia
		Anesthesia is defined as the absence or abolition of sensation.
		Four main stages of general anesthesia are recognized regardless of the method in which the anesthesia is delivered.
		With an adequate understanding of the drugs used in achieving general anesthesia, it is useful to understand the techniques used to induce and to maintain general anesthesia throughout a surgical case.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/Anesthesia-040609/Anesthesia-040609.htm (9059 words)

	anesthesia - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		ANESTHESIA [anesthesia] [Gr.,=insensibility], loss of sensation, especially that of pain, induced by drugs, especially as a means of facilitating safe surgical procedures.
		Spinal and epidural anesthesia involves the injection of an anesthetic agent into a space adjacent to the spinal cord, a technique frequently employed for surgical procedures below the waist (e.g., obstetrics) where total unconsciousness is not necessary.
		Tumescent anesthesia use expands: several dermatologic procedures have been added to the tumescent anesthesia repertoire over past 10 years, bringing several advantages to table.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/a/anesthsia.asp (608 words)

	ASA - Patient Education - Anesthesia Yesterday
		Regional anesthesia is used to eliminate pain in a larger part of the body by temporarily blocking large groups of nerves or the spinal cord so that the pain signal cannot reach the brain.
		You already realize that your anesthesiologist is responsible for your anesthesia to make you comfortable, but in addition, he or she is also responsible for your medical care during the entire course of surgery.
		What eventually evolved into anesthesia as we know it today was ushered in with the chance observation that the inhalation of nitrous oxide ("laughing gas") produced a state of intoxication during which people became highly amused and insensitive to pain.
	www.asahq.org /patientEducation/anesandyou.htm (4424 words)

	Anesthesia Basics
		Basically, anesthesia is the use of medicine to prevent the feeling of pain or sensation during surgery or other procedures that might be painful (such as getting stitches or having a wart removed).
		Anesthesia is broken down into three main categories: general, regional, and local, all of which can be administered using various methods and different medications that affect the nervous system in some way.
		The type and amount of anesthesia will be specifically tailored to your child's needs and will depend on various factors, including your child’s age and weight, the type and area of the surgery, any allergies your child may have, and your child’s current medical condition.
	kidshealth.org /parent/system/resources/anesthesia_basics.html (1263 words)

	Anesthesia: A look at local, regional and general anesthesia - MayoClinic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Regional anesthesia is used to block sensation in a particular region of your body, such as the lower half of your body, an eye, or an arm or leg.
		The main advantage of regional anesthesia is that it provides a high level of anesthesia to a selected region of the body while having little effect on other areas, such as your heart, lungs and brain.
		The risks of anesthesia are greater if you have food or liquid in your stomach, although small amounts of water or fl coffee may be safe if taken a sufficient time before your procedure.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/anesthesia/SC00026 (1566 words)

	Anesthesia: Pet Health Topics from the College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University
		The loss of consciousness that occurs during anesthesia is often accompanied by loss of the ability to cough and gag.
		The animal's depth of anesthesia is determined by evaluating reflexes, muscle tone, and response of vital signs to surgical stimulation.
		Although the general anesthetics in use in veterinary anesthesia today are great improvements compared to the anesthetics of yesteryear, they still fall far short of the perfect agent.
	www.vetmed.wsu.edu /ClientED/anesthesia.asp (1955 words)

	Anesthesia - SurgeryChannel
		Anesthesia is administered by an anesthesiologist, a doctor who undergoes several years of specialized training after the completion of medical school.
		Regional anesthesia is often used for procedures involving the lower part of the body, such as caesarian sections, prostate surgery, and operations on the legs.
		Because it carries a higher risk for complications than other types of anesthesia, general anesthesia is used primarily for procedures that cannot be done utilizing other methods and for patients who prefer to be asleep during surgery.
	www.surgerychannel.com /anesthesia (839 words)

	Anesthesia (Feb.2000)
		For a particular agent, the stage or depth of anesthesia must be judged with reference to the known sequence of signs for that agent.
		It is commonly utilized as an adjunct to regional anesthesia because of its profound anxiolytic and sedative effects.
		An older child or adult may be intubated awake however effective use of topical anesthesia is unlikely in the face of severe hemorrhage in addition to the higher risk of inducing vomiting with laryngoscopy.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/Anesthesia-200002/anesthesia-200002.htm (8359 words)

	Anesthesia
		Our Anesthesia Airway, Infusion Therapy, Pressure Monitoring, Vascular Access, and Respiratory Systems follow the patient from the Operating Room to the Medical Care Units.
		These systems are manufactured to meet the demanding requirements of the anesthesia environment.
		You can be confident that all our anesthesia products are produced with the same precision, assured quality an meticulous attention to detail.
	www.smiths-medical.com /markets/anesthesia (269 words)

	ANESTHESIA
		When choosing an anesthesia regimen careful consideration must be given to the type of procedure being performed, the duration of the procedure, the amount and type of pain that may accompany the procedure, and the goals of the project.
		Anesthesia may be induced with an injectable agent such as ketamine or pentobarbital and then maintained with inhalation agents.
		The level of anesthesia must be closely monitored and the cone moved away from the animal or vaporizer concentration decreased as depth of anesthesia increases.
	research.ucsb.edu /connect/acc/anesguid.html (3594 words)

	Anesthesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Anesthesia is not a mystical trance you are placed in from which you may not wake up.
		Anesthesia is a very controlled use of drugs to block certain body functions, such as muscle contraction, consciousness and pain.
		While patients are under anesthesia, vital body functions are all monitored, including the EKG, blood pressure, oxygen in the blood and the amount of carbon dioxide in the breath.
	www.lifespan.org /rih/services/surgery/mininvasive/patient/incis_hernia/anesthesia.htm (333 words)

	AGD - Why Do I Need Anesthesia At The Dental Office? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		To make your dental visit as comfortable as possible, your dentist may suggest anesthesia to reduce or eliminate any pain or anxiety that may be related to your dental treatment.
		Local anesthesia is produced by the application or injection of a drug to eliminate pain in a specific area in the mouth.
		Deep sedation and general anesthesia is used for complex procedures and for patients who have trouble controlling their movements or need a deeper level of anesthesia during treatment.
	www.agd.org /consumer/topics/anesthesia/main.asp (687 words)

	Word! Anesthesia
		Anesthesia is medicine that doctors give to make people feel comfortable when they're having surgery, stitches, or other things that might be painful.
		General anesthesia is cool because it helps you fall asleep for a little bit so you don't feel any pain while the doctors are fixing something.
		Local anesthesia doesn't make you fall asleep, but it numbs the area so you won't feel pain while you get stitches or minor surgery to remove something like a wart.
	www.kidshealth.org /kid/word/a/word_anesthesia.html (148 words)

	Anesthesia
		The lack of significant complications from anesthesia is due to a combination of expertise, thorough pre-anesthetic testing, and state of the art anesthetic and monitoring equipment.
		Saying that anesthesia is too dangerous to clean the teeth, is an excuse, not a reason, not to have the teeth cleaned properly.
		Since the gas anesthesia has a small amount of residual analgesia (ability to kill pain), the pain shot kicks in as the gas anesthetic is wearing off.
	www.lbah.com /anes.htm (2581 words)

	Anesthesia-Recovering From Anesthesia
		Recovery from anesthesia occurs as the effects of the anesthetic medications wear off and your body functions begin to return.
		How quickly you recover from anesthesia depends on the type of anesthesia you received, your response to the anesthesia, and whether you received other medications that may prolong your recovery.
		Nausea and vomiting are more likely with general anesthesia and lengthy procedures, such as surgery on the abdomen, the middle ear, or the eyes.
	www.webmd.com /pain-management/tc/Anesthesia-Recovering-From-Anesthesia (779 words)

	Anesthesia - Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention
		Thanks to general anesthesia, people simply cannot remember much after they reach the operating room.
		He or she must frequently adjust the balance of various drugs used to begin, maintain, and reverse anesthesia; typically, 7 to 10 agents are needed to achieve the desired effects.
		The anesthesiologist also regulates basic life functions, such as breathing and heart rate, which unconscious patients are unable to do on their own.
	www.healthscout.com /ency/68/657/main.html (294 words)

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