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Topic: Animal cell

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Plant cell

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	Molecular Expressions Cell Biology: Animal Cell Structure
		Animal cells are typical of the eukaryotic cell, enclosed by a plasma membrane and containing a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.
		Most cells, both animal and plant, range in size between 1 and 100 micrometers and are thus visible only with the aid of a microscope.
		Being mobile has given animals, which are capable of sensing and responding to their environment, the flexibility to adopt many different modes of feeding, defense, and reproduction.
	micro.magnet.fsu.edu /cells/animalcell.html (1414 words)

	Biology Label Me! Printouts - EnchantedLearning.com
		Label the animal cell diagram using the glossary of animal cell terms.
		Label the axon, dendrites, cell body, nucleus, Schwann's cells, and nodes of Ranvier.
		Label the plant cell diagram using the glossary of plant cell terms.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /label/biology.shtml (179 words)

	Biology4Kids.com: Cell Structure
		Cells are small compartments that hold all of the biological equipment necessary to keep an organism alive and successful on Earth.
		We say animal-like because an animal type of cell could be anything from a tiny microorganism to a nerve cell in your brain.
		Plant cells are easier to identify because they have a protective structure called a cell wall made of cellulose.
	www.biology4kids.com /files/cell_main.html (371 words)

	I. Embryology. 1. The Animal Cell. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The ovum is a nucleated cell, and all the complicated changes by which the various tissues and organs of the body are formed from it, after it has been fertilized, are the result of two general processes, viz., segmentation and differentiation of cells.
		In the higher organisms a cell may be defined as “a nucleated mass of protoplasm of microscopic size.” Its two essentials, therefore, are: a soft jelly-like material, similar to that found in the ovum, and usually styled cytoplasm, and a small spherical body imbedded in it, and termed a nucleus.
		The process of indirect cell division is characterized by a series of complex changes in the nucleus, leading to its subdivision; this is followed by cleavage of the cell protoplasm.
	www.bartleby.com /107/2.html (1627 words)

	Animal Cell
		Animal cells are typical of the eukaryotic cell, enclosed by a plasma membrane and containing a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.
		The animal kingdom is unique amongst eukaryotic organisms because animal tissues are bound together by a triple helix of protein, called collagen.
		In the animal cell, they are the main power generators, converting oxygen and nutrients into energy.
	istart1.tripod.com /science/animal_cell.htm (840 words)

	ACS :: Cell Therapy
		In cell therapy, live or freeze-dried cells or pieces of cells from the healthy organs, fetuses, or embryos of animals (such as sheep or cows) are injected into patients to supposedly repair cellular damage and heal sick or failing organs.
		Cell therapy is also marketed to counter the effects of aging, reverse degenerative diseases, improve general health, increase vitality and stamina, and enhance sexual function.
		Cell therapy may be dangerous, and several cases have been reported in the medical literature of patient deaths directly linked to the therapy.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/ETO/content/ETO_5_3X_Cell_Therapy.asp?sitearea=ETO (1155 words)

	Growth of Animal Cells in Culture
		Animal cells both within the organism and in culture can synthesize the 8 remaining amino acids; thus these amino acids need not be present in the diet or culture medium.
		To prepare tissue cells for culture (or to remove adherent cells from a culture dish for biochemical studies), trypsin or another protease is used to destroy the proteins in the junctions that normally interconnect cells.
		The cell type that usually predominates in such cultures is called a fibroblast because it secretes the types of proteins associated with fibroblasts in fibrous connective tissue of animals.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=mcb.section.1383 (3554 words)

	Animal Health Care - An Overview
		The cell that results from the fusion inherits from the immune system cell the ability to produce antibodies, and from the cancer cell the ability to reproduce indefinitely.
		In developing treatments for an animal disease, for instance, an animal gene is inserted into a microbe or an animal cell that can be grown in a laboratory culture.
		The resulting animal with the new gene or genes is referred to as a transgenic animal.
	www.accessexcellence.org /RC/AB/BA/Animal_Health_Overview.html (1690 words)

	Animal cell cultures : risk assessment and biosafety recommendations
		In Belgium, the contained use of genetically modified organisms and/or pathogens, including animal cell cultures that are genetically modified or that are deliberately infected with pathogens, is governed by regional regulations enforcing the containment provisions of Directive 98/81/EC (revising Directive 90/219/EEC) and related Decisions 2000/608/EC and 2001/204/EC.
		It implies that animal cell cultures which are not intentionally infected with pathogens or which are not genetically modified, are beyond the scope of the regulatory provisions.
		Nevertheless, as animal cultures may carry adventitious pathogens, it is highly recommended to conduct a biosafety risk assessment and to implement adequate safety measures whenever animal cell cultures are manipulated.
	www.biosafety.be /CU/animalcellcultures/mainpage.html (1683 words)

	Animal Cell - Picture - MSN Encarta
		The nucleus directs activities of the cell and carries genetic information from generation to generation.
		Proteins are manufactured by ribosomes, which are bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum or float free in the cytoplasm.
		The entire cell is wrapped in a lipid membrane that selectively permits materials to pass in and out of the cytoplasm.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461540224/Animal_Cell.html (82 words)

	A C T I P
		By definition animal cell technology is that part of biotechnology which is based on the use of animal (including human) cells, propagated in vitro, for the manufacture of biopharmaceuticals and as toolbox in the discovery and testing of medicines.
		Animal and human cells have become an essential part of the cell-based assays and models, which form the basis of target identification and validation experiments, HT-screening of chemical libraries for lead finding and optimization purposes and HT-testing for ADME/tox of candidate drugs.
		Animal cells are cultivated in vitro by mimicking the same conditions as they have in their natural environment, the body.
	www.actip.org /manuals/libraryfiles/animalcelltech.html (1219 words)

	Animal cell immobilisation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Animal cells are used to existence in precise environment such as defined structure giving mechanical protection i.e.
		Animal cells have no cell wall and are fairly large (10 to 20 micrometre) rather like comparing bacteria to peanut and an animal cell to a large balloon.
		Animal cells require a medium containing serum, and this is normally supplied in the form of 10% fetal calf serum, which has a protein concentration of 7g/litre.
	www-biol.paisley.ac.uk /Courses/Enzymes/glossary/Animcell.htm (604 words)

	animal cell
		Cell in an animal, which, like all cells, has a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus, but in which the surface consists of the cell surface membrane only – it does not have a cell wall.
		The cell surface membrane keeps the cell together by being strong, even though it is very thin and flexible.
		An animal is made up of many thousands of cells, which are used as building blocks.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0097293.html (349 words)

	ANIMAL CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY
		The cells are immobilised in a matrix and the culture fluid is circulated in a closed loop.
		The shear sensitivity and fragility of animal cells are overcome by the introduction of novel impellers, which are paddle shaped.
		Hu W.S. and Dodge T.C. Cultivation of mammalian cells in bioreactors.
	www.virology.net /Articles/mass.html (4697 words)

	The Cell Theory
		The cells of protozoa, algae, fungi, plants, and animals are eukaryotic cells.
		Plant cells and animal cells are similar, but do not have exactly the same cell parts and shape.
		Primary cell wall - formed during cell growth, it is composed of parallel layers of cellulose and pectin.
	staff.tuhsd.k12.az.us /gfoster/standard/bcell1.htm (1312 words)

	Anatomy of a Cell
		Cells are "building blocks" of life: all living things, whether plants, animals, people, or tiny microscopic organisms, are made up of cells.
		Although animal cells don't have a cell wall, they are protected by other cells, such as white blood cells that fight disease.
		Prokaryotic cells such as bacteria do not have a nuclear membrane; the genetic material is just clumped in the center of the cell instead.
	www.hometrainingtools.com /articles/anatomy-of-a-cell-science-teaching-tip.html (518 words)

	The Cell Cycle & Mitosis Tutorial
		The cell is engaged in metabolic activity and performing its prepare for mitosis (the next four phases that lead up to and include nuclear division).
		In animal cells, cytokinesis results when a fiber ring composed of a protein called actin around the center of the cell contracts pinching the cell into two daughter cells, each with one nucleus.
		In plant cells, the rigid wall requires that a cell plate be synthesized between the two daughter cells.
	www.biology.arizona.edu /cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/cells3.html (357 words)

	SparkNotes: Cell Differences: Plant Cells
		Structurally, plant and animal cells are very similar because they are both eukaryotic cells.
		The normal range for an animal cell varies from 10 to 30 micrometers while that for a plant cell stretches from 10 to 100 micrometers.
		Plant cells use sunlight as their energy source; the sunlight must be converted into energy inside the cell in a process called photosynthesis.
	www.sparknotes.com /biology/cellstructure/celldifferences/section1.html (477 words)

	Cell Parts 01 Practice
		# 11 on the animal cell diagram is the
		#13 on the animal cell diagram is the membrane that surrounds the ____.
		#5 on the animal cell diagram is the
	www.glenbrook.k12.il.us /gbssci/team/biounit3/cellparts01.htm (217 words)

	Teachers' Domain: Animal and Plant Cell
		Plant and animal cells have nearly all of the most important cell structures in common.
		All cells have a cell membrane, a structural layer that gives the cell shape, while allowing molecules of various types to pass into and out of the cell.
		Unlike animal cells, however, plant cells have a cell wall that surrounds the entire cell, including the membrane.
	www.teachersdomain.org /resources/tdc02/sci/life/cell/animplant/index.html (468 words)

	The Cell
		This lesson is designed to help students visualize plant and animal cells, understand the parts of a cell and their functions and distinguish plant cells from animal cells.
		The cell theory tells us that the cell is the basic unit of life, all organisms are made up of cells, and new cells come only from other living cells.
		If the cell is equipped with more than one of your cell parts, then you need to draw and cut out the appropriate number of cell parts for each cell.
	www.accessexcellence.org /AE/AEC/AEF/1996/fernandez_cell.html (947 words)

	Cells - Animal Cell Structure
		Because the proteins constantly shift throughout the cell membrane, it is referred to as a fluid mosaic model.
		The functions of the cell membrane include: holding cellular material, regulating the movement of materials across the membrane, providing a surface for many chemical reactions, and identifying the cell to the body's immune system.
		Gap junctions are found in animals and are very, very small channels that allow various ions and other small substances to pass from one cell to another.
	library.thinkquest.org /28751/review/cells/2.html (510 words)

	Animal Cell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Cell Membrane is the thin and nearly invisible structure that surrounds the cytoplasm of the cell.
		The cell or plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer containing proteins, cholesterol, and oligosaccharides that functions as a selective barrier for entry and exit of substances.
		The nucleus is the major organelle of all cells, in which the chromosomes are separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear membrane.
	www.harweb.com /cell/animal.htm (1688 words)

	Lab Manual Exercise # 1a
		Cells in the tail of a tadpole are digested by lysosomal enzymes during the gradual transition into a frog.
		The centrosome of animal cells (including a pair of centrioles and radiating aster) are composed of microtubules.
		Microtubules are involved in cell movement, cell shape and the formation of mitotic spindles during cell division (mitosis).
	waynesword.palomar.edu /lmexer1a.htm (2375 words)

	Eukaryotic Cell Structure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Cell or plasma membrane contains equal amounts of lipids and proteins, which are arranged in a bilayer.
		Endoplasmic Reticulum is a single membrane system with an inner compartment which forms channels throughout the cytoplasm of the cell.
		Rough ER is connected to the golgi complex which is the system used for exporting proteins from the cell and into the plasma membrane.
	www.bio.mtu.edu /campbell/eukaryot.htm (210 words)

	More about Animal Cells
		The cell body at the left side of the diagram is found in the spinal cord or brain.
		Developing red blood cells in your bone marrow do have nuclei, but the nuclei disintigrate when they are fully developed: this is because the nuclei are not needed any more.
		I hope that you have learnt that all animal cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and a nucleus (red blood cells excepted) and that cells are specialised to do different jobs.
	www.purchon.com /biology/animal.htm (981 words)

	Is it Plant or Animal?
		Plant cells generally have a more rectangular shape because the cell wall is more rigid.
		Animal cells have a round or irregular shape because they do not have a cell wall.
		Plants cells usually have one or more large vacuole(s), while animal cells have smaller vacuoles, if any are present.
	www.usoe.k12.ut.us /curr/science/sciber00/7th/cells/sciber/cellcomp.htm (102 words)

	ScienceDaily: Wisconsin Scientists Grow Two New Stem Cell Lines In Animal Cell-free Culture
		These cells, which arise at the earliest stages of development, are blank slate cells capable of differentiating into any of the 220 types of cells or tissues in the human body.
		Some scientists worry that animal viruses and other problematic agents might be taken up in the human cells and infect human patients, should those cells be used for therapy.
		The two new Wisconsin stem cell lines were derived from five blastocysts, embryos less than a week old and which were donated for research with the informed, written consent of patients who were no longer undergoing treatment for infertility.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/01/060101152613.htm (1190 words)

	Animal Cell Entry
		Clathrin is recycled back to the cell membrane after endocytosis, either because of interaction of the vesicle with a lysosome, or due to another process.
		PARAMYXOVIRIDAE are also able to enter cells in this fashion; in fact, an F or fusion (glyco)protein purified from enveloped virions of Sendai virus is often used to artificially fuse cells in in vitro experiments.
		DNA is its own nuclear targetting signal in that naked DNA is seen to be moved into cell nuclei if introduced into cells; however, most DNA viruses which require a nuclear replication stage seem to have some specific means of targetting partially-disassembled virions to the cell nucleus.
	www.mcb.uct.ac.za /tutorial/virusentanimal.htm (984 words)

	Amazon.com: Animal Cell Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Biotechnology): Books: Nigel Jenkins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		"Animal Cell Biotechnology brings together techniques used in both industry and research laboratories that are focused on the expression of recombinant proteins and other commercial uses of animal cells.
		Animal Cell Biotechnology constitutes a comprehensive manual of state-of-the-art techniques for setting up a cell culture laboratory, maintaining cell lines, and optimizing critical parameters for cell culture.
		Animal cells are cultured in vitro for a variety of uses.
	www.amazon.com /Animal-Cell-Biotechnology-Methods-Protocols/dp/0896035476 (1053 words)

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