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Topic: Average years of schooling

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	National Institute for Literacy - Facts & Statistics - 1992 National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS)
		Level 3 was average literacy level of the population born in the U.S., compared to Level 2 for the immigrant population who arrived in the U.S. between the ages of 1-11 and Level 1 for those who arrived aged 12 or older.
		Level 2 was the average literacy level of the Black population born in the U.S. and those who arrived in the U.S. between the ages of 1-24, compared to Level 1 for the immigrant Black population who arrived in the U.S. aged 25 or older.
		Level 2 was the average literacy level of the Hispanic population born in the U.S. and the immigrant Hispanic population who arrived in the U.S. between the ages of 1-11, compared to Level 1 for those who arrived aged 12 or older.
	www.nifl.gov /nifl/facts/NALS.html (2614 words)

	EH.Net Encyclopedia: Education and Economic Growth in Historical Perspective
		The bounds on increases in years of schooling can be placed at between zero and 16, that is, between a completely unschooled and presumably illiterate population to one in which a college education is universal.
		With the average member of an economy's labor force embodying investments of twelve years of schooling and a moderate ten-percent rate of return per year of schooling and no increase in the capital stock, at least 17 percent of Maddison's eight-fold increase in per capita income can be accounted for (i.e.
		This era saw the mean years of schooling completed by age 35 increased from 7.4 years for an American born in 1875 to 14.1 years for an American born in 1975 (DeLong, Goldin and Katz 2003, 22).
	eh.net /encyclopedia/article/mitch.education (10471 words)

	Mongolia EDUCATION
		After declining for years, average national enrollment in primary schools was 78% in 1994, and probably substantially lower in rural areas.
		Attendance at vocational schools declined sharply from 23,236 in 1985 to 7,480 in 1994.
		School enrollment rose again by 1999, when 90% of primary-school-age children were enrolled in school, while 59% of those eligible attended secondary school.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Asia-and-Oceania/Mongolia-EDUCATION.html (320 words)

	This document was created from RTF source by rtftohtml version 2.7.
		Part of his evidence is the organization of modern government school systems-in particular the almost complete absence of systems where parents choose the school and funding is proportional to number of students, an arrangement which would put pressure on the school to teach what the parents, rather than the state, wanted.
		Schooling expenditure in Britain represented about the same fraction of national income prior to government intervention and compulsory schooling laws as it did after both were introduced.
		The most common was to calculate how many children should be in school by picking an arbitrary and unrealistic number of years of schooling and using it to calculate how many children would be in school if all children went to school for that number of years.
	www.daviddfriedman.com /Libertarian/Public%20Schools/Public_Schools1.html (5885 words)

	Education - The People's Asset -- Nancy Birdsall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In Brazil, for example, among 21 years olds, average years of schooling is 10 for the richest 10 percent of households and 4 for the poorest 30 percent.
		In these regressions, the standard deviation of years of education of adults aged 25 years and older is used as the measure of the distribution of education.
		Note: Gaps are calculated by subtracting the average years of education attained by the poorest 30% from the average attained by the richest 10.
	www.brook.edu /ES/dynamics/papers/education-tpa/education-tpa.htm (8315 words)

	Health Indicators
		Years of schooling measures the number of grades completed at elementary, secondary, university and non-university levels.
		The average number of years of schooling was equal to the national figure in South Fraser Valley.
		The averages ranged from 10.0 years of schooling in Région des Terres-Cries-de-la-Baie-James to 11.2 years in Burntwood.
	www.statcan.ca /english/freepub/82-221-XIE/01201/high/years.htm (404 words)

	Bangladesh - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Despite their common religion of Islam, the ethnic and linguistic gulf between the two wings, compounded by an apathetic government based in West Pakistan, resulted in the independence of Bangladesh under the leadership of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1971 after the bloody Bangladesh Liberation War, in which it was supported by India.
		The president is elected by the legislature every five years and has normally limited powers that are substantially expanded during the tenure of a caretaker government, mainly in controlling the transition to a new government.
		Bangladesh has instituted a unique system of transfer of power; at the end of the tenure of a government, power is handed over to members of a civil society for three months, who run the general elections and transfer the power to elected representatives.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bangladesh (4172 words)

	Summary Education Profile
		Gross enrollment ratio, tertiary level is the sum of all tertiary level students enrolled at the start of the school year, expressed as a percentage of the mid-year population in the 5 year age group after the official secondary school leaving age.
		Gross enrollment ratio, 6-23 years old is the sum of all primary, secondary, and tertiary level students, regardless of age, enrolled at the beginning of the school year, expressed as a percentage of the mid-year population in the age-group 6-23.
		School life expectancy is the number of years of schooling that a child who starts school can expect to remain enrolled, including years spent in repetition.
	devdata.worldbank.org /edstats/SummaryEducationProfiles/CountryData/cd1-1.html (1023 words)

	Education and Poverty - DRCLAS News Spring 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In Brazil, for instance, the poorest 40% of teenagers (ages 15-19) average four years of schooling, while their counterparts in the top 20% of income distribution have twice that average level of schooling.
		Although the children of the poor generally have on average lower levels of academic achievement than their non-poor counterparts, I have found in Colombia and Mexico that there is overlap in levels of achievement between the poor and non-poor.
		Several years ago, for example, Chile started a program to improve the quality of rural schools and to proactively compensate by upgrading schools attended by the poorest children.
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~drclas/publications/revista/education/reimers.htm (2218 words)

	2003-02 - Investing in Education pays rich dividends confirms UNESCO/OECD study: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (3.14)
		By 2000, this had climbed to 7.6, almost three years short of the 10.2 years in the rich economies of the OECD member states.
		By 2000, the average years of schooling had increased to 9.31 years and per capita GDP had risen to about US$6,000.
		In the year 2000, school expectancy for five year-old children in the WEI countries was still almost four years below the OECD average, without effective and increased investment in human capital knowledge, which has become a key economic resource, will be scarce.
	www.uis.unesco.org /ev.php?ID=5373_201&ID2=DO_TOPIC (537 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Education Tribune
		India with 2.5 average years of schooling for adult population is yet is to cover a lot of ground.
		The total collapse in management and the inspection mechanism reflected in headless schools (in thousands) and an irresponsible transfer policy leading to overstaffing in urban schools and understaffing in rural schools have contributed in a big was to make education structure as non-serving and non-functional.
		The single-teacher schools, two-teacher schools, schools without headteachers and schools without buildings, libraries, laboratories, playgrounds, drinking water, toilets and proper electricity facilities are some of the other irritants.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2002/20021001/edu.htm (2397 words)

	Thesis-Ag
		Human capital is measured by the years of average years of schooling of the rural adult (above 10 years) male population of different regions of Bangladesh.
		At the farm level, years of schooling of the farm operator and average years of schooling of all adult members of the farm family were used to develop the index of human capital.
		Changes in average production, production variability and their sources for six crops--Aus rice, Aman rice, Boro rice, jute, wheat, and sugarcane were measured between two time periods--pre-modern variety adoption period (1947/48-1967/68) and modern variety adoption period (1968/69-1986/87) for all the crops except wheat.
	members.tripod.com /~UTTAMDEB/thesis.html (1546 words)

	ECONOMIC GROWTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA, 1945-1992
		Table 7 compares regional averages of the variables that proxy for the quality of educational inputs in the OECD and in the developing countries to the averages in Korea.
		In-school expenditures are the expense for the operation and construction of schools, and are financed by students, central and local governments and private foundations.
		Schooling in this connection is valuable because it is a source of flexibility in making these occupational and spatial adjustments."23 In this regard, a rapid change of export, industry and employment structures in the Korean economy favourably influenced the increasing demand for education.
	hdr.undp.org /docs/publications/ocational_papers/oc24aa.htm (9588 words)

	Integration Spurs Growth
		In 1980 the globalizers were poorer (with per capita GDP averaging $1,488, measured in terms of purchasing power parity) than other developing countries ($1,947); by 1997 they were richer (see table).
		Among the globalizers average inflation was 16 percent in 1980, but by 1997 it had fallen to single digits.
		But since then the globalizers have seen a much bigger increase in the average years of primary schooling among the adult population.
	www.worldbank.org /html/prddr/trans/JulAugSep01/pgs4-7.htm (1865 words)

	Special Analysis 2002 - Private Schools: A Brief Portrait
		Their average scores were above those of public school students on the 4th-grade reading test and on the 4th-, 8th-, and 12th-grade science and mathematics proficiency tests (table 11).
		Findings from the NAEP High School Transcript Study of 1998 (indicator 27) show that 1998 private high school graduates were more likely than public high school graduates to have completed advanced courses in science and mathematics (figure 9).
		In a parallel pattern, private school graduates were about twice as likely as their public school counterparts to have completed the third (or higher) year of study in a foreign language (55 versus 28 percent) (indicator 34, U.S. Department of Education 2001a).
	nces.ed.gov /programs/coe/2002/analyses/private/sa03.asp (798 words)

	[No title]
		Data are presented either quinquennially for the years 1960-1985, i.e., 1960, 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980, and 1985, or for averages of five years' sub-periods over 1960-1985.
		The term XX behind a variable denotes a specific year (for example, P60 is the primary school enrollment ratio in 1960), while the term X denotes average of a sub-period among the five year sub-periods: 1960-64, 1965-69, 1970-74, 1975-79,and 1980-84 for the averaged variables (e.g.
		Source : BARRO and LEE SYRMxx : Average years of secondary schooling in the male population over age 25.
	www.columbia.edu /~xs23/data/readme.txt (2227 words)

	NationMaster - Statistics > Average years of schooling of adults by country (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Average years of schooling of adults by country.
		Average years of schooling of adults is the years of formal schooling received, on average, by adults over age 15.
		DEFINITION: Average years of schooling of adults is the years of formal schooling received, on average, by adults over age 15.
	www.nationmaster.com /graph/edu_ave_yea_of_sch_of_adu-education-average-years-schooling-adults&int=-1&id=EUR (304 words)

	[No title]
		Average Years of Schooling for Indians (all states) (p.9)
		Average Cost of Sending a Child to School Primary level NSS estimate (1986-7) excluding cloting expenses= Rs.
		Proportion(%) of primary schools where the following facilities are unavailable or available but not functional, flboard in every classroom= 26% playground= 52% drinking water= 59% toilet= 89% maps and charts= 59% teaching kit= 67% toys= 75% library= 77% musical instrument= 85% (p.
	www.ashanet.org /stanford/links/probe.html (658 words)

	Average earnings of the population 15 years and over by highest level of schooling, by census metropolitan area (2001 ...
		Average earnings of the population 15 years and over by highest level of schooling, by census metropolitan area (2001 Census)
		To find more information related to this table, consult Definitions, data sources, and methods.
		To find out more about accessibility features on our site, read our accessibility page.
	www40.statcan.ca /l01/cst01/labor50e.htm (108 words)

	Citations: International Comparisons of Educational Attainment - Robert, Lee, Wha (ResearchIndex)
		This variable is available only at five year intervals, is missing for three countries in our sample (Cote d Ivoire, Morocco, and Nigeria) and is available only in 1975 for Egypt.
		Average years of schooling (Table 4) are from Barro and Lee (1993) Data on child labor is from various editions of the ILO Year Book of Labor....
		It is an average of the index between 1980 and 1983.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/313457/0 (1742 words)

	Notes for Dan Gilligan's Lecture on Indices of Well-being
		The original HDI included measures of life expectancy at birth, adult literacy, average years of schooling, and per capita GNP adjusted for differences in prices or purchasing power between countries.
		This weighting was used to give equal weight to health (life expectancy) and education (literacy and years of schooling) measures.
		The infant mortality rate is a good indicator of the well-being of children and their mothers, these critics argue, and should therefore be included such an index.
	www.arec.umd.edu /arec365/365n1F-DG.htm (889 words)

	Easterly, William (1997) "Life During Growth," World Bank working paper, October 1997, http://www
		For the education variable we use Average Years of Schooling, which allows us to use a data set of 82 countries, 60 of them "paired," with two time observations.
		These results on the interaction between education and Transparency are positive in both the between- country and the within-country estimates, but not statistically significant in the latter -- the coefficient on Average Years of Schooling is about the same in the between-country and within-country estimates.
		Since high Income and high Average Years of Schooling tend to be found together in the same group of developed countries, and since the latter is particularly important in fighting corruption, the corrupting influence of higher Income per se may be washed out, at least in the cross-sectional results.
	www.rh.edu /~stodder/corruption.htm (5532 words)

	RRojas Databank: The Róbinson Rojas Archive.-Economic growth and human development in the Republic of Korea. 1945-1992 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In preparation for the Human Development Report every year, the HDRO commissions a number of experts to write papers on issues related to the theme of the Report.
		Note: (1) Educational attainment at each school level includes the population who had both complete and incomplete schooling at that level.
		Note: Average years of schooling is a sum of percentage of the population at each level of schooling weighted by the duration of each school.
	www.rrojasdatabank.org /oc24b.htm (251 words)

	SSRN-Income and Education of the States of the United States: 1840-2000 by Scott Baier, Sean Mulholland, Chad Turner, ...
		This article introduces original annual average years of schooling measures for each state from 1840 to 2000.
		Using their estimates of average years of schooling and average years of experience in the labor force, the authors estimate aggregate Mincerian earnings regressions.
		Their estimates indicate that a year of schooling increased output by between 8 percent and 12 percent, with a point estimate close to 10 percent.
	papers.ssrn.com /soL3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=639796 (400 words)

	The Weak Case for Public Schooling [Free Republic]
		I've been through the public schools not too long ago and they're even worse than the pundits claim.
		The public school I went to in the '50s and early '60s is not the public school that my daughters went through.
		My grandchildren will not go to 'social engineering' schools if I have any say in the matter, which I may not.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a393821f55663.htm (6300 words)

	Iran: Report: Part II: Analytic Section: cont. 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Figure NO 17: Comparison of the average years of schooling in 1990 and 1997 by gender
		Figure NO 18: Comparison of the indicators for primary education graduates average years of schooling in the period 1990 -1997 by gender
		Figure NO 19: Comparison of the indicators for primary education graduates average years of schooling in the period 1990 -1997 by urban and rural area
	www2.unesco.org /wef/countryreports/iran/rapport_2_3.html (144 words)

	Productivity, by Sylvia Nasar: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty
		After averaging 1.9 percent a year from 1889 to 1937 and an even stronger 3 percent during the twenty-five-year boom that followed World War II, productivity growth has averaged a mere 1 percent since 1973.
		The rate of return to capital invested in research and development is very high, averaging more than 20 percent a year.
		But average years of schooling have not increased since 1976, when it peaked at 12.9 years.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/Productivity.html (2024 words)

	Selection from van der Lijn Paper.
		At this time, the HDI is a weighted average of indices for life
		under one year of age relative to the mortality rates of other age-groups.
		An asterisk denotes that the figure for gross secondary school enrolment used to calculate
	www.arec.umd.edu /arec365/vanderlign.htm (449 words)

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