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	Ludwig van Beethoven
		For Beethoven, the act of composition had always been a struggle, as the tortuous scrawls of his sketchbooks show; in these late works the sense of agonizing effort is a part of the music.
		Musical taste in Vienna had changed during the first decades of the 19th century; the public were chiefly interested in light Italian opera (especially Rossini) and easygoing chamber music and songs, to suit the prevalent bourgeois taste.
		Yet the Viennese were conscious of Beethoven's greatness: they applauded the Choral Symphony even though, understandably, they found it difficuit, and though baffled by the late quartets they sensed their extraordinary visionary qualities.
	w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de /cmp/beethoven.html (887 words)

	Ludwig van Beethoven: A Musical Titan
		Beethoven was not always satisfied with Haydn's teaching methods, and since Haydn had left Vienna, he began to study counterpoint, canon, and fugue composition with the well-known theorist, Johann Albrechtsberger (1736-1809).
		Beethoven left an indelible impression on all those who encountered him, and even for his contemporaries there were certain features of his life - his idiosyncratic working methods, for example, his mournful isolation through deafness, and the nobility of his total dedication to his art - that endowed him as an almost mythical figure.
		Beethoven was neither good-looking nor equipped with more than a very rudimentary education; it was by the force of his character that he produced such a powerful effect on those around him.
	www.carolinaclassical.com /articles/beethoven.html (4063 words)

	Beethoven, Ludwig van. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Beethoven studied with several other eminent teachers, including Antonio Salieri, but was developing according to his own singular genius and could no longer profit greatly from instruction.
		Beethoven never married; however, he was stormily in and out of love all his life, always with women unattainable because of marriage or station.
		Beethoven died, after a long illness, in the midst of a fierce thunderstorm, and legend has it that the dying man shook his fist in defiance of the heavens.
	www.bartleby.com /65/be/Beethove.html (938 words)

	Ludwig van Beethoven Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Beethoven is viewed as a transitional figure between the Classical and Romantic eras of musical history.
		Although Beethoven wrote many beautiful and lyrical melodies, another radical innovation of his music, compared especially to that of Mozart and Haydn, is his extensive use of forceful, marked, and even stark rhythmic patterns throughout his compositions and, in particular, in his themes and motifs, some of which are primarily rhythmic rather than melodic.
		Beethoven's greatest works are the 32 piano sonatas and Diabelli Variations, the nine symphonies, the five piano concertos, the violin concerto, the Missa Solemnis and the late string quartets.
	wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/l/lu/ludwig_van_beethoven.html (1126 words)

	BEETHOVEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Beethoven had an incredible talent with the piano that allowed him to use the instrument to move an audience to tears.
		Beethoven had symptoms of deafness before 1800 but by 1802 he could no longer dismiss the fact that his hearing was failing him.
		Beethoven was aged, and on returning to Vienna one trip he contracted pneumonia from which he never recovered and eventually died with cirrhosis of the liver in Vienna on March 26, 1827.
	library.thinkquest.org /C001468F/library/people/beethoven.htm (479 words)

	Beethoven
		Beethoven's father, Johann, who was a singer at the court, quickly recognized his son's exceptional talent.
		Beethoven became withdrawn from the world, while, at the same time, he was composing some of the greatest music which the world has ever heard.
		Beethoven certainly believed in the philosophy of his age, including personal freedom and the dignity of the individual.
	www.amphi.com /~mruane/Biographies/Beethoven/beethoven.html (681 words)

	Beethoven in Vienna
		Many of the structures in which Beethoven lived during the course of his life in Vienna have been demolished altogether, allegedly in the name of "progress." (Cases in point are the house in which he died, demolished in 1904, and Tiefergraben 241, one of his first residences in Vienna).
		Beethoven's powers of concentration in composing his music may have been supreme, but in his personal nature he was restless in the extreme.
		Of these three original Beethoven locations, the first is by far the most important; the second is not a museum; and the third is closed during the winter and is accessible only by advance arrangement intermittently during the tourist seasons.
	www.literarytraveler.com /beethoven/beethoven.htm (1131 words)

	- Classical Music Dictionary - Free MP3
		Beethoven settled in Vienna in 1792, where he studied with Joseph Haydn and others, quickly establishing himself as a remarkable keyboard-player and original composer.
		Beethoven wrote only one opera, eventually called Fidelio after the name assumed by the heroine Leonora, who disguises herself as a boy and takes employment at the prison in which her husband has been unjustly incarcerated.
		Beethoven wrote ten sonatas for violin and piano, of which the "Spring" and the "Kreutzer" are particular favourites with audiences.
	www.karadar.com /Dictionary/beethoven.html (1138 words)

	Island of Freedom - Ludwig van Beethoven
		Beethoven was born in the provincial court city of Bonn, Germany, probably on Dec. 16, 1770.
		Beethoven's own talent was such that at the age of 12 he was already an assistant to the organist Christian Gottlob Neefe, with whom he studied.
		Beethoven's formal studies in counterpoint (with Haydn and Johann Albrechtsberger), beginning in 1792, and his private study of the best new music of the time, particularly Haydn's symphonies, improved his treatment of both form and texture.
	www.island-of-freedom.com /BEETHOV.HTM (1441 words)

	Beethoven
		Beethoven was born on December 16, 1770, in Bonn, He was reared in stimulating, although unhappy, surroundings.
		Beethoven's fame reached its zenith during these years, but the steadily worsening hearing impairment that he had first noted in 1798 led to an increasing sense of social isolation.
		Beethoven was not an ideal parent and enormous friction developed between the two, contributing to Karl's attempted suicide in 1826.
	www.mcs.csuhayward.edu /~malek/Musician/Beethoven.html (1781 words)

	Beethoven
		The type of music Beethoven was writing during this time reflected his personal life and also his desire to push composition practices to their limits.
		Beethoven uses an overlapping technique to close the introduction and introduce the subject of the exposition.
		Beethoven uses these two parts to form and episode which eventually leads to the restatement of the subject in the treble in the key of A-flat major.
	www.bsu.edu /web/adbaker2/portfolio/Beethoven.html (4079 words)

	Liselotte Erlanger Glozer: Beethoven on Vintage Postcards
		Fortunately for Beethoven, it was during this period that public concerts subscribed to by the middle classes became more common, giving the musician a chance to reach a wider audience; soon music publishers vied for the rights to his compositions.
		Beethoven was well aware that among the Viennese, the road to fame was via opera and he entered the sweepstakes with Fidelio.
		Beethoven's portrait is surrounded by all the houses in and around Vienna in which he had lived.
	www.luckymojo.com /beethoven.html (957 words)

	Beethoven-Haus Bonn
		Beethoven's grandfather Ludwig van Beethoven (1712-1773) is appointed to the Bonn electoral choir, first of all as a bass, then in 1761 as the court musical director (Kapellmeister).
		Beethoven wants to have lessons with Mozart, but has to return to Bonn after two weeks as his mother is dying.
		Beethoven thus loses his post in Bonn; what was to have been a study trip to Vienna now becomes a permanent move.
	www.beethoven-haus-bonn.de /sixcms/detail.php?id=3049&template=museum_biographie_en&_mid=3290 (751 words)

	BEETHOVEN ~ NOTES Page ~ aMUSIClassical Directory
		The finest of the early Beethoven piano concertos came in 1800 with the score for the third concerto in c minor.
		Beethoven was 30 years old in 1800, when he presented his first sym at the Hofberg Theater in Vienna.
		He said it was a recollection of a rural lake...a pastoral scene depicting the happy feelings of arriving in the country, a scene by a brook, happy meeting of the peasants, the storm and the Shepherd's song and the thanksgiving after the storm.
	www.angelfire.com /biz/musiclassical/lvonb.html (1476 words)

	Composer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Beethoven's most impressive choral work is the Missa Solennis, written for the enthronement of his pupil Archduke Rudolph as Archbishop of Olmutz, but finished too late for that occasion.
		Beethoven completed one violin concerto and five piano concertos, as well as a triple concerto for violin, cello and piano, and a curious Choral Fantasia,for solo piano, chorus and orchestra.
		Beethoven wrote a number of sets of Minuets, German Dances and Contredanses, ending with the so-called Mödlinger Dances, written for performers at a neighbouring inn during a summer holiday outside Vienna.
	www.naxos.com /composer/btm.asp?fullname=Beethoven,+Ludwig+van (1435 words)

	NPR : Beethoven, Philly Style
		Conductor Christoph Eschenbach's goal is to remove Beethoven from "the classical box" to show his "revolutionary and visionary" side.
		June 15, 2006 · Although the Fifth Symphony is considered one of Beethoven's greatest musical works, at the time of its premiere his contemporaries were still smitten with his Third Symphony (the "Eroica").
		June 7, 2006 · Beethoven's Third Symphony is regarded as a turning point in musical history, and it marks the beginning of his career's second period.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?columnId=5477647 (547 words)

	Ludwig van Beethoven - Biography
		Beethoven seems to have been attracted to women he couldn't get, or at least was hard to get.
		It is she who is known as the "immortal beloved" in letters addressed to her from Beethoven in 1812.
		But Beethoven didn't have the capacity of a domestic human being, and even though he did win the struggle for custody, Beethovens relation with the nephew was tense and burdensome and it reached the point where little Karl tried to take his own life in 1826.
	home.swipnet.se /zabonk/cultur/ludwig/beetbio.htm (702 words)

	ArtsAlive.ca - Music : Great Composers
		Ludwig van Beethoven was born in December 1770.
		Beethoven was kindhearted however, and he helped raise money for Johann Sebastian Bach's only surviving child, who was living in poverty.
		When Beethoven was 56, returning in an open wagon from his brother's estate, he caught pneumonia and never fully recovered.
	www.artsalive.ca /en/mus/greatcomposers/beethoven.html (1828 words)

	NPR: Performance Today -- Simon Rattles Beethoven
		Indeed, Beethoven's response to his tragic fate and his one-time desire for suicide was his 'Heroic' Symphony, music on a different scale than had ever been written.
		With Beethoven as the central figure of the work, Rattle suggests that the second movement is a "funeral march for all his hopes of how his life would be." But, after the first two vast movements of struggle and pain, the symphony becomes lighter and returns to joy, wit and humour.
		Beethoven himself called it his "little Symph." Sir Simon Rattle is leading us through the complete cycle of Beethoven symphonies, and we're hearing his vision of these works, in concert perfs by the Vienna Phil from the spring of 2002.
	www.npr.org /programs/pt/features/2003/apr/rattle_beethoven.html (1439 words)

	All About Beethoven-Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ludwig van Beethoven was born in 1770 in Bonn, Germany, to Johann and Maria Magdalena van Beethoven.
		Beethoven quickly became successful as a piano virtuoso and his performances brought him patronage from Vienna's aristocracy.
		Around 1802 Beethoven realized that he was losing his hearing but continued to compose and attempted to keeps his impairment a secret.
	www.stormloader.com /users/beethoven/bio.htm (217 words)

	Lesson Tutor : Classical Composer Biography Series: Ludwig van Beethoven
		But after a great deal of reading I managed to find out Beethoven was the composer of the music, but that in the first instance it had been a poem written by the German dramatist, poet and historian Friedrich von Schiller.
		The benefits were such that, at eleven, Beethoven was able to deputise for his teacher as assistant organist and, in 1783, publish his first composition, a set of variations.
		Beethoven grew up during the period of the French Revolution and believed passionately in the revolutionary ideals of 'Liberty, Equality, Brotherhood'.
	www.lessontutor.com /bf3.html (1330 words)

	index.htm
		Beethoven's friend Holz, who met him for the first time in 1825, was the one who threw the story into the world after Beethoven's death and we don't have any knowledge about the source.
		Most probably the myth about Beethoven being a leftie is the result of the mirrored and often republished print of the Stieler portrait, where the composer has the score of the Missa Solemnis in his left hand and a pencil in the right one.
		Beethoven is sitting at a table in a public house, holding a newspaper in his left hand and a pipe in his right hand, like all right-handed people.
	www.xs4all.nl /~ademu/Beethoven/index.htm (4240 words)

	Biography: Beethoven's life - Ludwig van Beethoven's website - Dominique PRÉVOT
		The young Beethoven felt responsible for his two younger brothers, an idea he kept for the rest of his life, sometimes to the extent of being excessive.
		Beethoven did not commit suicide, rather, knowing that his handicap was getting worse and worse, he threw himself into his greatest works: exceptional sonatas for piano (notably The Storm, opus 31), the second and the third symphonies- The Eroica - and of course many more.
		Beethoven took this role very seriously, but the 45 year old celibate who could no longer hear found it difficult to live with and understand a child, and then a young man. This cohabitation was the cause of a new trial against the mother of the child, a generation conflict and numerous troubles.
	www.lvbeethoven.com /Bio/BiographyLudwig.html (2100 words)

	[No title]
		Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany, in December 1770 (the exact date is not known, but as he was baptized on the 17th his birthday is usually celebrated on 16th).
		This did not prevent the young Beethoven from developing an intense love of music, but that dominating, all-consuming love also rendered exceedingly difficult his friendship, his love affairs and even his everyday dealings with the outside world.
		Beethoven spent most of his active life in and near Vienna, where he was an eccentric although much respected and far from unloved figure, and he died there on 26 March 1827.
	imperial.park.org /Guests/Beethoven/composer.htm (397 words)

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