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Topic: Biochemical warfare

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Biological warfare

Chemical Weapons Convention

United States Civil War

	Unit 731 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Unit 731 was one of many units used by the Japanese to research biological warfare and is to this day used as a general term to describe the practice.
		In August 2002, the Tokyo District Court acknowledged the existence of Unit 731 and its biological warfare activities but ruled that all compensation issues were settled by the Joint Communique of the Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China of September 29, 1972.
		The motivation for the purchase was the enhancement of the U.S.'s biological warfare program, part of the arms race with the Soviet Union.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Unit_731 (2350 words)

	Weapons of Mass Destruction ... a microbe in every cauldron! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The next two decades are likely to witness the global use of biochemical weapons in conflicts of all sizes." The rationale, says Mc George, a munitions expert and a former Secret Service technical specialist, is that "the use of such weapons will not win a war but will prevent the user from losing it."
		Nor have the nations now engaged in an escalating biochemical arms race fully measured the impact such weapons would have on a compromised and increasingly less resilient environment.
		On the other hand, it might also be easier to build a large arsenal of biochemical agents than to maintain a huge nuclear stockpile.
	www.vheadline.com /printer_news.asp?id=9181 (1228 words)

	American Scientist Online - Germs of Truth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Mayor's other message is that biochemical warfare is not a modern invention but was practiced thousands of years ago, and that even then its dangers were recognized and were immortalized in myth.
		She is absolutely right to stress that ancient warfare was not the ritualized affair imagined by many scholars—not least the leading ancient historian Josiah Ober, who happens to be her husband—and that techniques of destruction were among the most highly developed elements of ancient technology.
		Worse is the attribution of several farfetched biochemical wheezes to Alexander the Great on the strength of the Alexander Romance, which, as the name suggests, is a medieval fiction, with about as much historical content as the average Arthurian romance.
	www.americanscientist.org /template/BookReviewTypeDetail/assetid/32687;jsessionid=aaahxw7hk1OBw3 (646 words)

	NCCHC \| Publications & Products
		There on the front page was an article dealing with our city’s preparation against the threat of chemical warfare.
		The article stated that all area physicians had been contacted by the local health department and the county disaster preparedness division to begin to coordinate a team approach so as to best assess our chances of recognizing, treating and otherwise coping with any act of biochemical terrorism perpetrated on our area.
		However, when it came to biochemical terrorism, I felt I had to intercede.
	www.ncchc.org /pubs/CC/biochem.html (1403 words)

	COSMIC BASEBALL ASSOCIATION Personal Cosmic Game Report
		Biochemical warfare like information warfare is a species of conflict evolved during the 20th century.
		The distinction between the biological and chemical forms of weapons is not always clear although the organized and dedicated use of chemicals in warfare predates the use of biological pathogens.
		Fritz Haber, a German chemist is often recognized as the "father of Gas Warfare." In 1918 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on synthesizing ammonia from its elements, nitrogen and hydrogen.
	www.cosmicbaseball.com /biochem.html (638 words)

	ISR issue 21 \| The U.S., Britain, and biochemical weapons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Despite the fact that the Hague Declaration of 1899 banned certain types of warfare, including "the use of projectiles the object of which is the diffusion of asphyxiating or deleterious gases," the major powers continued to research and develop chemical weapons for future battlefield use.
		While gas warfare was absent from the Second World War–primarily because of the difficulty of delivering such weapons without affecting your own troops and the possibility of similar retaliation–all of the major powers had stockpiled hundreds of tons of chemical weapons, especially mustard gas, for possible use.
		The report concluded that "the employment of chemical warfare with complete ruthlessness and upon a vast scale" would be decisive in winning the war against the Japanese.
	www.isreview.org /issues/21/biochem_weapons.shtml (3865 words)

	Hypocrisy and Terror The U.S., Britain, and biochemical weapons
		While gas warfare was absent from the Second World War-primarily because of the difficulty of delivering such weapons without affecting your own troops and the possibility of similar retaliation-all of the major powers had stockpiled hundreds of tons of chemical weapons, especially mustard gas, for possible use.
		Among their conclusions was that in any future conflict, biochemical weapons were as likely to be used as nuclear weapons.
		While the cover for these tests was to study a "defense" against biochemical warfare, U.S. war planners wanted this knowledge for offensive use against an enemy population.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Weapons/Hypocrisy_Terror.html (3750 words)

	View from the Hill Online - Representative Jan Schakowsky, 9th District, Illinois (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Marine officials and some defense analysts say biochemical equipment and training have vastly improved since the 1991 Persian Gulf War, when they were found to be largely deficient.
		Taylor visited a six-day Marine field exercise at Camp Lejeune, N.C., last summer and is writing a paper on the military's biochemical defenses for the Cato Institute, a Washington, D.C., think tank.
		A retired Navy rear admiral said the military's training and biochemical defense equipment are a "quantum leap" ahead of what they were in the Gulf War.
	www.house.gov /schakowsky/article_01_05_03biowarfare.html (1745 words)

	Cuba Solidarity Project : dirty war against cuba
		Back in the early 1960s, U.S. intelligence services and the military began to elaborate plans for biological warfare, which have included blights that attack food crops, sugar cane defoliants, bacteria that thwart sugar cane cultivation and the interruption of rain by way of highly sophisticated methods.
		Between 1979 and 1981, four destructive diseases were unleashed that seriously affected individuals and crops vital to the Cuban economy: hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, dengue fever, sugar cane rust and tobacco blue mold.
		The secret bases operated in the United States for the development of chemical and bacteriological warfare include the Edgewood arsenal, near the city of Baltimore, and Fort Detrick, in the state of Maryland.
	cubaproject.freeservers.com /cuba_bio3.htm (791 words)

	BILL C-473 (First Reading) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Whereas the spread of disease threatens to create an international crisis of a scale that is unprecedented and likely to bring human devastation and economic disaster to many of the poorest nations of the world, a situation which is made even worse by the fact that it is selective on the basis of poverty;
		``biochemical aggression'' means an attack by means of biological or biochemical terrorism or warfare.
		``biochemical protection drug'' means a drug determined by the Governor in Council to be necessary or useful in protecting persons in Canada or representing Canada overseas from actual or apprehended biological or biochemical aggression, or in curing or mitigating the effects of biochemical aggression.
	www.parl.gc.ca /37/1/parlbus/chambus/house/bills/private/C-473/C-473_1/371313bE.html (1103 words)

	Missiles, Missives, Missions and Memetic Warfare: Navigation of strategic interfaces in multidimensional knowledge space (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		A valuable early articulation of memetic engineering and cultural warfare in relation to psy ops was made in 1993 by Michael Wilson (http://www.7pillars.com/papers/MemEngin.html).
		A variant of memetic warfare might be considered under the name "metaphoric warfare", but there are no references to this on the web.
		In the knowledge warfare paradigm, strategic advantage does not lie in the concentration of facts-and-figures, but in the complementarity and singularity of the brains who interpret them.
	www.laetusinpraesens.org /docs/missile.php (7456 words)

	MILITARY REITERATES ROC STANCE AGAINST NUCLEAR, BIO WEAPONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Addressing the opening of a symposium on nuclear and biochemical weapons prevention and defense, Tang said the armed forces are actively building up pre-warning, defense, surveillance, and emergency readiness systems to deal with nuclear and biochemical weapons assaults.
		Tang called on Taiwanese citizens of all walks of life to be aware of the dangers of nuclear and bio-chemical weapons attacks and their aftermath, saying that Taiwan is a small island with a high population density and any such attack would be an indescribable disaster.
		During the symposium, 13 papers introducing nuclear and biochemical weapons and their powers of destruction will be presented, including one entitled "the PRC's nuclear and biochemical warfare preparedness by 2010 and an assessment of its possible threats to Taiwan." (By Deborah Kuo)
	www.fas.org /news/taiwan/2000/e-04-12-00-11.htm (234 words)

	Cholinesterase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The entry on Lawesson's reagent has some details on one sub-class of the phosphorus-based compounds.
		Outside of biochemical warfare, anticholinesterases are also used in anesthesia or in the treatment of myasthenia gravis, glaucoma and Alzheimer's disease.
		Also such compounds are used for killing insects in a range of products including sheep dip.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Acetylcholinesterase (440 words)

	NET FOR CUBA INTERNATIONAL - TERRORISM
		The Ban Vinai camp was the principal refuge of the Laotian Hmong population, the target of the MLs (Marxist Leninists) of the Pathet Lao and Vietnamese governments.
		The LANS interest in biochemical cruelty in Southeast Asia and Afghanistan is appropriate as background to Castroite biochemical activities, particularly in indicating the chronological continuity between T-2 activity in Asia and that in the Caribbean.
		The Soviet and Cuban biochemical warfare people apparently had no doubt as to the potential of this agent, for, by 1981, the first bio-chemical arms fabrication plant had been constructed in Matanzas Province, Cuba, and manned by Soviet technicians.
	www.netforcuba.org /Terrorism-EN/BiologicalWarfare/CubaThreat.htm (3763 words)

	The Hazards in Bioterror Plays
		Certainly, the biochemical warfare scare will bring billions of dollars to biochemical, pharmaceutical and medical equipment manufacturers over the coming years.
		It is clear, however, that the U.S. must produce vaccines and antibiotics, while simultaneously upgrading the nation's public health and epidemiological surveillance systems.
		It trades at a 2001 P/E ratio of 32, and a prices-to-sales ratio of 3.9, based on 2001 revenues of $1.62 billion.
	www.thestreet.com /pf/funds/leebarney/10002425.html (873 words)

	Untitled Document
		North Korea's war plan in case of an US attack is total war, not the 'low-intensity limited warfare' or 'regional conflict' talked about among the Western analysts.
		North Korea's expertise in digging tunnels for warfare was demonstrated during the Vietnam War.
		Tunnel warfare is conducted by independent company-size units.
	www.cuttingedge.org /news_updates/na833.htm (5221 words)

	U-WIRE.com/U. Michigan researchers prepare biochemical defenses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Although researchers said they feel the possibility of biological and chemical warfare has been blown out of proportion since the events of Sept. 11, they feel America should be aware of the possibilities.
		Researchers urge the public to understand biochemical warfare requires sophisticated delivery mechanisms and labs in which to grow the viruses.
		Along with new budget appropriations, new anti-terrorism laws have been proposed by Congress that would require all labs or research dealing with biochemical warfare agents to be registered.
	www.uwire.com /content/topnews100501002.html (690 words)

	Navy SEALs.com - Articles: Viewing Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		To the Greeks and many of their adversaries, the fair and honorable clash of arms was to face each other in ordered ranks out on a plain and fight hand to hand with swords and spears, and die like heroes.
		Mayor's thesis about early precursors to modern biochemical warfare, there is less agreement in the current revival of military scholarship over when and how war became such a prevalent and disruptive aspect of the human condition.
		Brian Ferguson of Rutgers University-Newark said the earliest persuasive evidence of warfare found by archaeologists was a mass burial of skeletons and stone projectiles in the Nile Valley of Sudan.
	www.navyseals.com /community/articles/article.cfm?id=1699 (1579 words)

	CNS - Biotechnology and Biochemical Weapons
		First, toxicogenomics employs proteomic and microarray techniques to analyze the response of cells to known toxins.[15] If the changes in patterns of gene expression or in the proteome induced by a novel compound are similar to the response to known toxins, the likelihood is that the new compound will prove to be toxic.
		Obviously, such an affirmation of the understanding of the meaning of the BWC or the CWC would require consensus; the States Parties that are now engaged in non-lethal weapons development would have to acquiesce in an affirmation that would force them to abandon their efforts.
		Probably the best curb on the development of a military capability to wage chemical warfare with riot control agents would be to circumscribe legal munitions and delivery devices to those that are already in common use by police forces worldwide.
	cns.miis.edu /pubs/npr/vol09/91/91whee.htm (3984 words)

	Worldandnation: Cuba has biological weapons, U.S. says
		Bolton's speech appeared to catch most Cuba watchers unaware, although anti-Castro groups in Miami have long argued that Cuba is a biochemical warfare threat.
		The spokesman added that there had been allegations that Cuba possessed a biochemical warfare capability for some time, and that Graham was "concerned" about the issue.
		Despite all the allegations, "it is unknown what exactly U.S. intelligence has uncovered regarding Cuba's biochemical programs," according to Maria Werlau, a Cuba expert and author of a 30-page study published late last year by the Miami-based Endowment for Cuban American Studies.
	www.sptimes.com /2002/05/07/Worldandnation/Cuba_has_biological_w.shtml (1053 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Biological and Chemical Warfare Works"
		In this edition of HowStuffWorks, you will learn how chemical and biological weapons really work, how they might be deployed and what the actual threats are.
		Is it possible to constrain warfare by laws?
		Introduction to How Biological and Chemical Warfare Works
	www.howstuffworks.com /biochem-war.htm (100 words)

	AVBIA - The Association of Victims of Biochemical Attacks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The crisis in Iraq is a constant reminder that the use of biochemical weapons for purposes of war is threatening danger.
		Despite prohibition of biochemical warfare is declared by the Geneva Convention, the threat to use biochemical weapon in connection with terrorist attacks now in urban environments in Europe and USA is more there than ever.
		The association has united all victims of biochemical warfare, philanthropists and some leaders of green and ecological political parties.
	www.avbia.org /petition.htm (227 words)

	Free-Essays.us - Chemical Warfare
		Renaissance Island was a Soviet Union biochemical test sight before its fall in 1990.
		The Biochemical warfare is the reason for the military vaccinations.
		My theory is that they think that if other countries find out about the military vaccinations that they will not use their biochemical weapons.
	www.free-essays.us /dbase/d4/lvw26.shtml (1906 words)

	Promoting a Singular Global Threat -- Terrorism: Strategy of choice for world governance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Mass destruction: The threat of "nuclear warfare" and "weapons of mass destruction" was maintained at a high level of visibility throughout the Cold War, notably as continuing justification for military expenditure.
		Nuclear warfare: This threat has been present for such a long-time as the singular threat of the Cold War period, that it has lost its urgency for the generations that have lived with it -- however much it remains a reality.
		But, like nuclear warfare, it has lost its significance for many who have been exposed to the arbitrary, hypocritical, and manipulative manner in which it can be used.
	www.laetusinpraesens.org /docs/terrstrt.php (8622 words)

	Heeding Bible Prophecy: New Species
		Tribulation: Biochemical and biological agents (pestilence) will be used to bring in the New World Order.
		Germ warfare will be used to terrorize, vaccinate and exterminate whole populations.
		She believes that she was exposed to chemical or biological warfare agents...
	watch.pair.com /new-health.html (8120 words)

	Concerned About Bio Chemical Warfare?
		BioChemical warfare tests were conducted in all of them behind a blinding haze of Cold War secrecy.
		The complaints tell disturbingly similar stories of government and military officials protecting the government and themselves from liability for the effects of cold war atomic, biological, and chemical experiments on their own troops, sailors, airmen, and marines.
		The plaintiffs in the second complaint are the approximately 10,000 military personnel used as involuntary test subjects in biological and chemical warfare tests in the 1960s known as "Project SHAD" (Shipboard Hazard and Defense).
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/834604/posts (2910 words)

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