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Topic: Carbon dioxide

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	Carbon Dioxide Emissions
		Carbon dioxide emissions from generators that produce electric power as part of an industrial or commercial operation—that is, businesses that produce electricity primarily for their own use—are not included in the electric power sector total but are assigned to the industrial or commercial sector according to the classification of the business.
		Carbon dioxide emissions from ethanol consumption are considered to be zero because the carbon in the fuel is derived primarily from corn, and it is assumed that an equivalent amount of carbon will be sequestered during the corn growing season.
		Carbon dioxide is also released during aluminum smelting, when carbon anodes (with the carbon derived from nonfuel use of fossil fuels) are vaporized in the presence of aluminum oxide.
	www.eia.doe.gov /oiaf/1605/archive/gg04rpt/carbon.html (3667 words)

	Universal Industrial Gases, Inc...CO2 Carbon Dioxide Properties, Uses, Applications - Recovery from ...
		Carbon dioxide is used in selectively, primarily in wells which will benefit not only from re-pressurization, but also from a reduction in viscosity of the oil in the reservoir caused by a portion of the CO dissolving in the oil.
		Carbon dioxide plays a major role as a component of the carbon cycle in which carbon is exchanged between the atmosphere, the terrestrial biosphere (which includes freshwater systems and soil), the oceans, and sediments (including fossil fuels).
		Carbon dioxide is used on a large scale as a shield gas in MIG/MAG welding, where the gas protects the weld puddle against oxidation by the surrounding air.
	www.uigi.com /carbondioxide.html (1604 words)

	snopes.com: Carbon Dioxide Deaths
		Carbon dioxide is a natural part of the world around us, ergo, we don't view it with the same level of apprehension with which we regard manmade compounds.
		Carbon dioxide is being vented elsewhere in the region, but because it seeps from the ground, it releases directly into the air and so poses little danger unless one is a frog or small rabbit that wanders too close to such discharges.
		Carbon dioxide capture and storage (known as CCS) plans are controversial, with those on the one side saying it's the best way to rid ourselves of the gases that are causing global warming, and those on the other fretting over the potential for danger both to human life and the environment.
	www.snopes.com /horrors/freakish/smother.asp (787 words)

	Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) - Frequently Asked Questions
		Atmospheric CO concentrations rose from 288 ppmv in 1850 to 369.5 ppmv in 2000, for an increase of 81.5 ppmv, or 174 PgC.
		Carbon dioxide is the greenhouse gas of most concern due to its abundance in the atmosphere (~ 360 ppm) and anthropogenic sources.
		Because the seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres are opposite, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing in the north while decreasing in the south, and vice versa.
	cdiac.esd.ornl.gov /pns/faq.html (5755 words)

	CARBON DIOXIDE
		Atmospheric carbon dioxide derives from multiple natural sources including volcanic outgassing, the combustion of organic matter, and the respiration processes of living aerobic organisms; man-made sources of carbon dioxide come mainly from the burning of various fossil fuels for power generation and transport use.
		Carbon dioxide is a colorless gas which, when inhaled at high concentrations (a dangerous activity because of the associated asphyxiation risk), produces a sour taste in the mouth and a stinging sensation in the nose and throat.
		Carbon dioxide was one of the first gases to be described as a substance distinct from air.
	www.solarnavigator.net /carbon_dioxide.htm (946 words)

	The Carbon Dioxide Problem
		Carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere have risen from about 270 parts per million (0.026%) before the industrial age to about 380 parts per million (0.038%) by 2006, a 41% increase over pre-industrial values, and a 31% increase since 1870.
		Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, and the increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere must influence earth's radiation balance.
		Carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere measured by David Keeling and colleagues at Mauna Loa, Hawai'i and from polar ice cores, with average global surface temperature of earth.
	oceanworld.tamu.edu /resources/oceanography-book/co2problem.htm (1737 words)

	CARBON DIOXIDE
		Carbon dioxide is an end product in organisms that obtain energy from breaking down sugars or fats with oxygen as part of their metabolism, in a process known as cellular respiration.
		The decreased binding to oxygen in the blood due to increased carbon dioxide levels is known as the Haldane Effect, and is important in the transport of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.
		The initial carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of the young Earth was produced by volcanic activity; this was essential for a warm and stable climate conducive to life.
	www.solarnavigator.net /solar_cola/carbon_dioxide.htm (3204 words)

	Atmosphere, Climate & Environment Information Programme
		Carbon Dioxide (or CO) is created naturally by animals' breathing (respiration) and by the decay of plant and animal matter.
		Carbon dioxide is also released by the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) for power and electricity, and the production of cement.
		Carbon dioxide is naturally given out by people and animals when they breathe, and is also given out when coal, oil and gas are burnt.
	www.ace.mmu.ac.uk /Resources/Teaching_Packs/Key_Stage_4/Climate_Change/02p.html (1339 words)

	Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for Coal
		The ratio of carbon to heat content was computed for each of the 5,426 selected coal samples by coal rank and State of origin under the assumption that all of the carbon in the coal is converted to carbon dioxide during combustion.
		The carbon dioxide emission factor was assumed to be a linear function of the parameters associated with the coal rank and State of origin.
		The emission factors for coal consumption involving combustion are based on the assumption that all of the carbon in coal is converted to carbon dioxide during combustion.
	www.eia.doe.gov /cneaf/coal/quarterly/co2_article/co2.html (4262 words)

	Chemical of the Week -- Carbon Dioxide
		Carbon dioxide, CO, is one of the gases in our atmosphere, being uniformly distributed over the earth's surface at a concentration of about 0.033% or 330 ppm.
		Because the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is low, it is not practical to obtain the gas by extracting it from air.
		As carbon dioxide dissolves in sea water, an equilibrium is established involving the carbonate ion, CO The carbonate anion interacts with cations in seawater.
	scifun.chem.wisc.edu /chemweek/CO2/CO2.html (660 words)

	Carbon Dioxide - MSN Encarta
		Carbon dioxide is produced in a variety of ways: by combustion, or oxidation, of materials containing carbon, such as coal, wood, oil, or foods; by fermentation of sugars; and by decomposition of carbonates under the influence of heat or acids.
		Carbon dioxide does not burn and does not support ordinary combustion, and because of these properties it is used for extinguishing fires.
		The CO extinguisher is a steel cylinder filled with liquid carbon dioxide, which, when released, expands suddenly and causes so great a lowering of temperature that it solidifies into powdery “snow.” This snow volatilizes (vaporizes) on contact with the burning substance, producing a blanket of gas that cools and smothers the flame.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761574216 (436 words)

	carbon dioxide. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Carbon dioxide occurs in nature both free and in combination (e.g., in carbonates).
		The natural balance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is growing from its stable level of 0.13% to a predicted 0.14% by the year 2000.
		Carbon dioxide is a raw material for photosynthesis in green plants and is a product of animal respiration.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ca/carbondio.html (630 words)

	Carbon dioxide
		Carbon dioxide is a molecule with the molecular formula CO The linear molecule consists of a carbon atom that is doubly bonded to two oxygen atoms, O=C=O. Although carbon dioxide mainly consists in the gaseous form, it also has a solid and a liquid form.
		Because the seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres are opposite, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing in the north while decreasing in the south, and vice versa.
		Carbon dioxide is a guardian of the pH of the blood, which is essential for survival.
	www.lenntech.com /carbon-dioxide.htm (1658 words)

	Carbon Dioxide Gallery - Global Warming Art
		carbon dioxide and comparison to the annual flux of carbon dioxide entering the atmosphere.
		Because rising carbon dioxide levels have increased the efficiency of some natural carbon sinks, the net flux of carbon staying in the atmosphere is currently ~40% lower than fossil fuel emissions each year.
		Carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere over both the last 1000 years and the preceding 400,000 years.
	www.globalwarmingart.com /wiki/Carbon_Dioxide_Gallery (278 words)

	Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Environmental Health in Minnesota
		Carbon dioxide concentrations indoors can vary from several hundred ppm to over 1000 ppm in areas with many occupants present for an extended period of time and where outdoor air ventilation is limited.
		Why do we measure CO Carbon dioxide is often measured in indoor environments to quickly but indirectly assess approximately how much outdoor air is entering a room in relation to the number of occupants.
		Carbon dioxide is not generally found at hazardous levels in indoor environments.
	www.health.state.mn.us /divs/eh/indoorair/co2/index.html (717 words)

	The Carbon Cycle
		In the atmosphere, carbon is attached to oxygen in a gas called carbon dioxide (CO With the help of the Sun, through the process of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is pulled from the air to make plant food from carbon.
		Of the huge amount of carbon that is released from fuels, 3.3 billion tons enters the atmosphere and most of the rest becomes dissolved in seawater.
		Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and traps heat in the atmosphere.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/earth/Water/co2_cycle.html (569 words)

	The MSDS HyperGlossary: Carbon Dioxide
		Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless, faintly acidic-tasting, and non-flammable gas at room temperature.
		Carbon dioxide is a molecular solid with a molecular formula CO The linear molecule consists of a carbon atom that is doubly bonded to two oxygen atoms, O=C=O. Note: Although both are common products of combustion, DO NOT confuse non-toxic carbon dioxide with deadly poisonous carbon monoxide.
		Carbon dioxide is the fourth most-abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere.
	www.ilpi.com /msds/ref/carbondioxide.html (1061 words)

	Carbon Dioxide and Atmosphere
		The concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, were measured in the bubbles from an Antarctic ice core from Law Dome near Australia's Casey Station.
		Concentrations of carbon dioxide measured in the air bubbles trapped in the ice are shown in Antarctic ice core from Law Dome near Australia's Casey Station.
		Carbon dioxide is an invisible gas that is harmless to humans.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/globalwarmA3.html (473 words)

	Carbon Dioxide - Human-Related Sources and Sinks of Carbon Dioxide \| Climate Change - Greenhouse Gas Emissions \| U.S. ...
		Carbon sequestration is the process by which growing trees and plants absorb or remove CO2 from the atmosphere and turn it into biomass (e.g., wood, leaves, etc.).
		Carbon dioxide can be captured from power plants and industrial facilities before it is released into the atmosphere, and then injected deep underground.
		Carbon dioxide emissions are produced as a by-product of various non-energy related industrial activities and product uses.
	www.epa.gov /climatechange/emissions/co2_human.html (1839 words)

	Carbon Dioxide Emissions
		The system produces about half the carbon dioxide emissions of a traditional system, as well as 24,000 tons of carbon dioxide and 59 tons of nitrogen oxides (NOx) each year when compared to a traditional system.
		The President issued a directive on April 15, 1999, requiring an annual report summarizing the carbon dioxide (CO) emissions produced by the generation of electricity by utilities and nonutilities in the United States.
		and carbon content is a determinant of the amount of CO released when the fuel is burned.
	www.cogeneration.net /carbon_dioxide_emissions.htm (3732 words)

	Carbon dioxide - Encyclopedia of Earth
		Carbon dioxide (CO) is the most important greenhouse gas produced by human activities, primarily through the combustion of fossil fuels.
		Charles D. Keeling was a pioneer in the monitoring of carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere.
		Of the carbon dioxide emissions arising from fossil fuel combustion—up to 6.5 Pg C each year—around 40% is a result of electricity generation, with coal-fired generation being the leading sector.
	www.eoearth.org /article/Carbon_dioxide (885 words)

	1-4: Atmospheric Composition, Carbon Dioxide (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Carbon monoxide also is released to the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels and from decay of plant material.
		Carbon dioxide dissolved in surface water is in equilibrium with CO in the atmosphere because of efficient mixing in the ocean surface water.
		Some carbon, such as in the form of phytoplankton that thrive in the surface water of the ocean, are eaten by small fish and eventually larger fish or animals that ultimately die, leaving skeletons or carbonate shells that sink to the ocean floor.
	www.iitap.iastate.edu /gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture.html (3503 words)

	9(r) The Carbon Cycle
		chalk; and (5) in the oceans as dissolved atmospheric carbon dioxide and as calcium carbonate shells in marine organisms.
		Carbon is released from ecosystems as carbon dioxide gas by the process of respiration.
		Some carbon dioxide is released from the interior of the lithosphere by volcanoes.
	www.physicalgeography.net /fundamentals/9r.html (809 words)

	carbon dioxide
		Carbon dioxide plays a large role in oxygen transport from the blood to the cells of the brain and body.
		Carbon dioxide, through its conversion to carbonic acid, is a primary regulator of the acid/alkaline balance of the body.
		Carbon dioxide deficit means a reduction in carbonic acid and a corresponding shift of blood and extracellular fluid pH in the alkaline direction, i.e., above the normal range of 7.38 — 7.40; alkalosis is an immediate consequence of hypocapnia.
	www.breathing.com /articles/carbon-dioxide.htm (6153 words)

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