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Topic: Carbon disulfide

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	Carbon disulfide, xanthates and metham sodium
		Carbon disulfide is manufactured from hydrocarbons and sulfur and is a very flammable liquid which is therefore extremely hazardous to manufacture and transport.
		Worldwide carbon disulfide is used to manufacture regenerated cellulose (viscose rayon and cellophane), carbon tetrachloride and organic sulfur compounds including xanthates used as flotation agents in mineral processing and Metham sodium soil fumigant.
		In Australia carbon disulfide is used by Nufarm at Kwinana WA to produce metham sodium, a dithiocarbamate soil fumigant pesticide and since 1998, by Coogee Chemicals WA to produce xanthates.
	www.chemlink.com.au /xanthate.htm (888 words)

	Carbon Disulfide: Health Information Summary
		Carbon disulfide is also used in agriculture as a pesticide and fumigant.
		A significant percentage of total carbon disulfide in the environment naturally occurs in oceans, marshes, wetlands, and from volcanoes, although it is likely to be found at low concentrations relative to an industrial release of the chemical.
		The odor threshold for carbon disulfide in water is reported to be about three parts per billion (ppb); the odor threshold in air has been reported to range from eight to 200 ppb.
	www.des.state.nh.us /factsheets/ehp/ard-ehp-11.htm (803 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Carbon Disulfide
		Carbon disulfide evaporates at room temperature, and the vapor is more than twice as heavy as air.
		In nature, small amounts of carbon disulfide are found in gases released to the earth’s surface as, for example, in volcanic eruptions or over marshes.
		Carbon disulfide does not appear to be taken up in significant amounts by the organisms living in water.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts82.html (984 words)

	Carbon disulfide (EHC 10, 1979)
		Carbon disulfide, and to a lesser extent hydrogen sulfide, are evolved during spinning and casting, and exposure to high concentrations of carbon disulfide can occur during doting and when filaments break.
		Carbon disulfide is further emitted in the cutting of rayon filaments for staple fibre, and in the washing and drying processes.
		Furthermore, studies showing interactions between carbon disulfide and, tissue respiration; depression of cytochrome oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and dopamine-ß-hydroxylase; and influence of inhibitors of serum elastase (EC 3.4.21.11), suggest that besides a purely vascular etiology, it is plausible to consider a direct toxic interference of carbon disulfide with tissue metabolism (section 5.2).
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc010.htm (16648 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Carbon Disulfide; Pesticide Tolerances
		The LD for carbon disulfide is 456 mg/kg.
		A developmental toxicity study in rabbits with carbon disulfide with no NOEL for maternal effects (the number and percentage of does with 100% intrauterine deaths and the percentage of resorptions/litter [mean litter percentage] were increased in a dose-related manner with statistical significance at all dose levels for mean litter percentage).
		Carbon disulfide is a naturally occurring compound found in grapes and citrus at 5 to 20 ppb and up to 1 to 73 ppm in Shiitake mushrooms.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/1997/May/Day-16/p12915.htm (2571 words)

	Carbon Disulfide (CICADS 46, 2002)
		Carbon disulfide is produced during the metabolism of certain pesticides, such as dithiocarbamates, in plants and soil.
		Carbon disulfide (at the micrograms per litre or micrograms per cubic metre level) and its metabolite TTCA were detected in virtually all samples of breath, blood, urine, and breast milk of subjects with no known occupational exposure in a number of studies (Pellizzari et al., 1982; Phillips, 1992; Brugnone et al., 1994).
		Carbon disulfide can be metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P-450 mono-oxygenase system to an unstable oxygen intermediate that either spontaneously generates atomic sulfur, carbonyl sulfide, and carbon dioxide or hydrolyses to form atomic sulfur and mono-thiocarbonate, yielding carbonyl sulfide and carbon dioxide in breath and inorganic sulfates and organosulfur compounds in urine.
	www.inchem.org /documents/cicads/cicads/cicad46.htm (16663 words)

	Carbon Disulfide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Carbon disulfide is regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which sets permissible exposure limits for air (20 ppm C 30 ppm 100 ppm (30-minute maximum peak) of 4 ppm) for time-weighted average; and 12 ppm (36 mg/m3) for short-term exposure limit.
		Carbon disulfide is regulated by EPA under the Clean Air Act, which has requirements to prevent equipment leaks of volatile organic compounds in the synthetic organic chemical manufacturing industry.
		In 1998, 114,799,217 pounds of carbon disulfide waste were managed; 30,024,800 pounds were recycled on-site; 1,985 pounds were recycled off-site; 10,070,374 pounds were used for energy recovery on-site; 242,037 pounds were used for energy recovery off-site; 30,950,014 pounds were treated on-site; 253,664 pounds were treated off-site; and 43,256,343 pounds were released on-and off-site.
	www.nsc.org /ehc/chemical/carbondi.htm (1436 words)

	Carbon Disulfide \| Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Web site \| US EPA
		Carbon disulfide is used predominantly in the manufacture of rayon, cellophane, and carbon tetrachloride.
		Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that carbon disulfide and its metabolites cross the placenta and localize in the target organs of the fetus (brain, blood, liver, and eyes).
		For carbon disulfide: 1 ppm = 3.1 mg/m
	www.epa.gov /ttn/atw/hlthef/carbondi.html (1449 words)

	ATSDR - Public Health Statement: Carbon Disulfide
		Carbon disulfide has also been found in the groundwater and soil at some EPA research sites around the country, but the number of research sites that have carbon disulfide is small.
		The rest of the absorbed carbon disulfide (70-90%) is changed in the body and leaves the body in the urine in the form of other chemicals.
		However, the amount of carbon disulfide in the air to which animals in these studies were exposed was much higher than the amounts in the air that the general public usually breathes.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /toxprofiles/phs82.html (1916 words)

	NPI: Carbon disulfide fact sheet
		Carbon disulfide by itself is not likely to cause environmental harm at levels normally found in the environment.
		Carbon disulfide is a natural product of anaerobic biodegradation and is released to the atmosphere from oceans and landmasses as well as geothermal sources.
		The impure carbon disulfide that is usually used in most laboratory and industry processes is a colourless to faintly yellow liquid with a strong, disagreeable cabbage-like odour detectable at 0.016 to 0.42 ppm.
	www.npi.gov.au /database/substance-info/profiles/18.html (1835 words)

	Carbon tetrachloride - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the carbon tetrachloride molecule, four chlorine atoms are positioned symmetrically as corners in a tetrahedral configuration joined to a carbon atom, in the center, by single covalent bonds.
		In the early 20th century, carbon tetrachloride was widely used as a dry cleaning solvent, as a refrigerant, and in fire extinguishers.
		Carbon tetrachloride has also been used in the detection of neutrinos, and is a useful source of chlorine in the Appel reaction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carbon_tetrachloride (635 words)

	Environmental Protection Agency
		Carbon bisulfide, carbon sulfide, dithiocarbonic anhydride, sulphocarbonic anhydride, Weeviltox.
		Acute exposure to carbon disulfide primarily affects the central nervous system producing signs and symptoms that may include headache, dizziness, difficulty swallowing, nervousness, tremors, mental depression, delirium, psychosis, convulsions, paralysis, and coma.
		Carbon disulfide is a strong skin irritant; dermal exposure may result in severe burns.
	yosemite.epa.gov /oswer/CeppoEHS.nsf/firstaid/75-15-0?OpenDocument (619 words)

	Spectrum Laboratories : Chemical Fact Sheet - Cas # 75150
		Exposure to carbon disulfide is mostly occupational and primarily
		disulfide whose median and max concn was 400 and 3900 parts/trillion, respectively.
		Carbon disulfide was found in both the influent and effluent of a
	www.speclab.com /compound/c75150.htm (988 words)

	Reaction products of carbon disulfide with thiomolybdenum derivatives of alkenylsuccinimides and lubricants containing ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Disclosed are multipurpose lubricant additives which are prepared by reaction of carbon disulfide with thiomolybdenum derivatives of polyalkenylsuccinimides having basic nitrogen functions.
		This invention relates to the preparation and use of reaction products of carbon disulfide with thiomolybdenum derivatives of a polyalkenylsuccinimide of a polyamine.
		wherein m+n=4; m is 2.35 to 3; n is 1.65 to 1 and R is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms such that the compound R.sub.2 NH reacts with CS.sub.2 to form a dithiocarbamate.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4315826.html (1679 words)

	American Radiolabeled Chemicals, Inc. - Carbon disulfide, [14C]
		Carbon disulfide, [14C] ARC 0330-1 mCi / 37 MBq
		Carbon disulfide, [14C]ARC 0330-1 mCi / 37 MBq
		Carbon disulfide, [14C]ARC 0330-5 mCi / 185 MBq
	www.arc-inc.com /pc-4902-1-carbon-disulfide-14c.aspx (101 words)

	Carbon Disulfide Lawsuit Information - Find Trial Lawyers and Attorneys with Experience in Carbon Disulfide Personal ...
		Carbon Disulfide Lawsuit Information - Find Trial Lawyers and Attorneys with Experience in Carbon Disulfide Personal Injury Law
		Just fill out InjuryBoard.com's on-line questionnaire and have a personal injury lawyer review your potential personal injury claim - free of charge.
		Exposure to carbon disulfide can occur by breathing it in the air and by drinking water or eating foods that contain it.
	www.injuryboard.com /view.cfm/Topic=1155 (391 words)

	Safety and Health Topics: Carbon Disulfide
		Note: Measurement of carbon disulfide-induced cross-linking of hemoglobin has been proposed as a biomarker of chronic exposure that is measurable before symptoms of toxicity occur, but this is still in the experimental stage.
		Vanhoorne, M., De Rouck, A. and Bacquer, D.: Epidemiological study of the systemic ophthalmological effects of carbon disulfide.
		Valentine, W.M., Amarnath, V., Amarnath, K., Erve, J.C., Graham, D.G., Morgan, D.L. and Sills, R.C.: Covalent modification of hemoglobin by carbon disulfide: III.
	www.osha.gov /dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_225500.html (436 words)

	CARBON DISULFIDE
		Atherosclerotic changes, as indicated by clinical, electrocardiographic, oscillometric, and optic fundi examination and by estimation of cholesterolemia, triglyceridemia, were found in 30.4% of the subjects and arterial hypertension in 23.2%; 14.5% of the workers showed both conditions.
		Increased urinary and fecal excretion of zinc by the exposed rabbits and a gradual decrease in the mean concentration of zinc in the blood serum /was noted/ during the study.
		The half-life for hydrolysis at pH 9 extrapolated from measurements at higher pH is 1.1 yr (1).
	www.frankmckinnon.com /carbon_disulfide.htm (13997 words)

	CARBON DISULFIDE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE, HALON, WATER SPRAY OR STANDARD FOAM.
		THERMAL DECOMPOSITION MAY INCLUDE TOXIC OXIDES OF SULFUR AND CARBON.
		DISPOSAL MUST BE MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH STANDARD APPLICABLE TO GENERATORS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE, 40 CFR 262, EPA HAZARDOUS WASTE NUMBER P022.
	msds.ehs.cornell.edu /msds/msdsdod/a4/m1613.htm (573 words)

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