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Topic: Carbon tetrachloride

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Carbon disulfide

Halon

Chloroform

Aerosol

Philately

Pesticide

Hepatitis

Benzene

Ammonia

Freon

Ozone depletion

	Carbon tetrachloride - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Both carbon tetrachloride and tetrachloromethane are acceptable names under IUPAC nomenclature, depending on whether it is seen as an inorganic or an organic compound.
		In the carbon tetrachloride molecule, four chlorine atoms are positioned symmetrically as corners in a tetrahedral geometry, joined to a carbon atom in the center by single covalent bonds.
		Carbon tetrachloride persisted as a pesticide to kill insects in stored grain, but in 1970, it was banned in consumer products in the United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carbon_tetrachloride (978 words)

	Encyclopedia: Carbon tetrachloride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Carbon tetrachloride is a highly volatile liquid with a strong etherial odor similar to chloroform.
		Carbon tetrachloride is known to deplete the ozone layer, where it is responsible for 17 percent of the ozone-destroying chlorine now in the stratosphere due to human activities.
		Synonyms for carbon tetrachloride are carbona; carbon chloride; carbon tet; methane tetrachloride; methane, tetrachloro-; perchloromethane; and tetrachloromethane.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Carbon-tetrachloride (1333 words)

	Eco-USA: Carbon tetrachloride
		In the past, carbon tetrachloride was widely used as a cleaning fluid, in industry and dry cleaning establishments as a degreasing agent, and in households as a spot remover for clothing, furniture, and carpeting.
		Carbon tetrachloride was also used in fire extinguishers and as a fumigant to kill insects in grain.
		Carbon tetrachloride also causes effects on othre tissues of the body, but these are not usually as common or important as the effects on the liver, kidney, and brain.
	www.eco-usa.net /toxics/ccl4.shtml (1349 words)

	Carbon Tetrachloride (EHC 208, 1999)
		Carbon tetrachloride induces hepatomas and hepatocellular carcinomas in mice and rats.
		In batch cultures, carbon tetrachloride at a concentration of 200 µg/litre was incubated in the dark at 35°C with mixed methanogenic bacteria derived from a laboratory-scale digester fed with activated sludge.
		6.1.1 Absorption Carbon tetrachloride is absorbed readily from the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract.
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc208.htm (13557 words)

	Carbon Tetrachloride :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Carbon tetrachloride has been produced in large quantities to make refrigerants and propellants for aerosol cans; production of fluorocarbon propellants is being phased out due to their effect on the ozone layer and this use of carbon tetrachloride is currently declining.
		Carbon tetrachloride is used as a solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins and as a starting material in the manufacture of organic compounds.
		Carbon Tetrachloride has a lot of bad effects in the human body, it affects some organs like the liver, damaging liver functions, the kidney id also affected, kidney failures was one of the main cause of death inpeople who died of high exposure to carbon tetrachloride.
	www.freewebs.com /megsan/usesandeffects.htm (191 words)

	Carbon disulfide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carbon disulfide (CS) is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor that is like the smell of chloroform.
		In nature, small amounts of carbon disulfide are found in gases released to Earth's surface as, for example, in volcanic eruptions or over marshes.
		It is used to manufacture regenerated cellulose (the main ingredient of viscose rayon and cellophane), carbon tetrachloride and organic sulfur compounds including dithiocarbamates, dmit, mnt, xanthates, used as flotation agents in mineral processing, and Metham sodium soil fumigant.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carbon_disulfide (409 words)

	Carbon Tetrachloride
		Carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane) is a volatile organic alkyl halogen that is present in the environment largely because of release from man-made sources.
		Carbon tetrachloride is distributed preferentially to fatty tissue and is found in highest concentrations in bone marrow, brain, liver, kidney and blood.
		Carbon tetrachloride is metabolized in cell microsomal membranes to a highly toxic trichloromethyl radical that initiates lipid peroxidation, and it binds to and destroys cell enzymes (cytochrome P-450), lipids and proteins in various cell membranes, especially the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum.
	www.hc-sc.gc.ca /ewh-semt/pubs/water-eau/doc_sup-appui/carbon-carbone/index_e.html (2609 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Carbon Tetrachloride
		Carbon tetrachloride is a manufactured chemical that does not occur naturally.
		Carbon tetrachloride is most often found in the air as a colorless gas.
		The liver is especially sensitive to carbon tetrachloride because it enlarges and cells are damaged or destroyed.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts30.html (1213 words)

	AQ Monitoring Results: Wilmington: Carbon Tetrachloride
		Carbon tetrachloride is no longer used for dry cleaning purposes, as a grain-fumigant and a pesticide.
		Carbon tetrachloride does not have much seasonal variability because it is stable in sunlight and has a low water solubility.
		Carbon tetrachloride represents approximately 2% of the potential cancer risk of the nine measured compounds and the estimated diesel particulate matter.
	www.arb.ca.gov /ch/aq_result/wilmington/wm_ccl4.htm (442 words)

	Toxic substance profile: Carbon tetrachloride
		Carbon tetrachloride is ubiquitous in the global atmospheric and aquatic environments and numerous measurements of carbon tetrachloride levels have been made and reported.
		Adsorption of carbon tetrachloride onto soil and sediment may occur to a small extent (Organic carbon-water partition coefficient (Koc) of 439 (log 2.6) (Eastwood et al 1991)) have been reported for carbon tetrachloride, but carbon tetrachloride is likely to be mobile in such media.
		Carbon tetrachloride is highly resistant to photolysis and photo-oxidation reactions in the troposphere.
	www.ukmarinesac.org.uk /activities/water-quality/wq8_32.htm (1051 words)

	Carbon Tetrachloride - Also called TETRACHLOROMETHANE, a colourless, dense, highly toxic, volatile, nonflammable liquid ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Carbon Tetrachloride - Also called TETRACHLOROMETHANE, a colourless, dense, highly toxic, volatile, nonflammable liquid possessing a characteristic odour and belonging to the family of organic halogen compounds, used principally in the manufacture of dichlorodifluoromethane (a refrigerant and propellant).
		First prepared in 1839 by the reaction of chloroform with chlorine, carbon tetrachloride is manufactured by the reaction of chlorine with carbon disulfide or with methane.
		Carbon tetrachloride boils at 77° C (171° F) and freezes at -23° C (-9° F); it is much denser than water, in which it is practically insoluble.
	www.c-f-c.com /gaslink/pure/CCl4.htm (186 words)

	Carbon Tetrachloride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Carbon tetrachloride was tested for carcinogenicity by various routes of administration.
		In experiments involving administration of carbon tetrachloride after known carcinogens, the occurrence of tumours and/or preneoplastic lesions of the liver in mice, rats and hamsters was enhanced.
		Carbon tetrachloride is metabolized by CYP2 enzymes; several reactive metabolites have been postulated, including radicals and phosgene.
	www-cie.iarc.fr /htdocs/monographs/vol71/011-carbontetrac.html (356 words)

	CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
		Exposure to carbon tetrachloride results mostly from breathing air, drinking water, or coming in contact with soil that is contaminated with it.
		The liver is especially sensitive to carbon tetrachloride because it swells and cells are damaged or destroyed.
		Carbon tetrachloride: (c) The use of carbon tetrachloride is banned in...
	www.frankmckinnon.com /carbon_tetrachloride.htm (1023 words)

	EPA - Air Toxics Website - Carbon Tetrachloride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Carbon tetrachloride was produced in large quantities to make refrigerants and propellants for aerosol cans, as a solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and as a grain fumigant and a dry cleaning agent.
		Carbon tetrachloride is also a common contaminant of indoor air; the sources of exposure appear to be building materials or products, such as cleaning agents, used in the home.
		Carbon tetrachloride is a clear, nonflammable liquid which is almost insoluble in water.
	www.epa.gov /ttn/atw/hlthef/carbonte.html (1639 words)

	Carbon Tetrachloride
		Carbon tetrachloride is a clear, heavy, organic liquid with a sweet, aromatic odor similar to chloroform.
		Short-term: EPA has found carbon tetrachloride to potentially cause the following health effects when people are exposed to it at levels above the MCL for relatively short periods of time: liver, kidney and lung damage.
		Carbon tetrachloride is released to land and water from landfills, in wastewater from industries, from agricultural activities.
	www.egr.msu.edu /schoolcraft/carbntet.htm (738 words)

	The MSDS HyperGlossary: Carbon Tetrachloride
		Carbon tetrachloride, also known as tetrachloromethane, is a clear, colorless, non-flammable, halogenated, organic liquid with a distinctive odor.
		Carbon tetrachloride was formerly used in a wide variety of applications before the carcinogenic hazard was well-known.
		Carbon tetrachloride was widely used as an industrial solvent before its health hazards were well-known.
	www.ilpi.com /msds/ref/ccl4.html (535 words)

	RAIS: Carbon Tetrachloride (000056-23-5) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Carbon tetrachloride is a clear liquid with a sweet smell that can be detected at low levels.
		Carbon tetrachloride is most often found as a colorless gas.
		Although data for the carcinogenicity of carbon tetrachloride in humans are inconclusive, there is ample evidence in animals that the chemical can cause liver cancer.
	risk.lsd.ornl.gov /tox/profiles/Carbontetrachloride_ragsa.shtml (618 words)

	EPA Ground Water & Drinking Water > breadcrumb? > Technical Factsheet on: CARBON TETRACHLORIDE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Production of carbon tetrachloride in 1988 was 761 million lbs; most of it is used for chemical synthesis of fluorocarbons and this has been declining at a rate of 7.9%/yr.
		Some carbon tetrachloride released to the atmosphere is expected to partition into the ocean.
		Carbon tetrachloride is expected to be highly mobile in soil and only slightly adsorbed to sediment.
	www.epa.gov /OGWDW/dwh/t-voc/carbonte.html (780 words)

	Carbon Tetrachloride
		Carbon tetrachloride is a clear heavy organic liquid with a sweet aromatic odor...
		Carbon tetrachloride nephrotoxicity in rats with reduced renal mass.
		Carbon Tetrachloride is a nonflammable, man-made chemical that is produced as a liquid.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/environment/Carbon_Tetrachloride.html (346 words)

	Suburban Water Testing Labs: Carbon Tetrachloride Fact Sheet
		Source: Carbon tetrachloride is a clear heavy organic liquid with a sweet aromatic odor similar to chloroform.
		Production of carbon tetrachloride in 1988 was 761 million lbs Carbon tetrachloride is released to land and water from landfills, in wastewater from industries, from agricultural activities.
		Effect: Short-term: EPA has found carbon tetrachloride to potentially cause the following health effects when people are exposed to it at levels above the MCL for relatively short periods of time: liver, kidney and lung damage.
	www.h2otest.com /FactSheets/carbontetrachloride.html (243 words)

	Chemical Fact Sheets -- Carbon Tetrachloride
		Carbon tetrachloride (Carbon tet) is a non-flammable colorless liquid with a heavy, sweet odor.
		In homes, carbon tet may be found in containers of spot remover or in fire extinguishers made before 1970.
		If levels of carbon tet are very high in your water, you may also need to avoid washing, bathing or using the water for other purposes.
	www.dhfs.state.wi.us /eh/ChemFS/fs/carbontet.htm (764 words)

	EPA Ground Water & Drinking Water > breadcrumb? > Consumer Factsheet on: CARBON TETRACHLORIDE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The regulation for carbon tetrachloride became effective in 1989.
		If the levels of carbon tetrachloride exceed the MCL, 5 ppb, the system must notify the public via newspapers, radio, TV and other means.
		Carbon Tetrachloride Releases to Water and Land, 1987 to 1993 (in pounds):
	www.epa.gov /OGWDW/dwh/c-voc/carbonte.html (851 words)

	Global Chlorinated Organics - Products - Carbon Tetrachloride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Carbon tetrachloride is a colorless liquid at room temperature.
		Carbon tetrachloride is sold only on a direct basis with Product Steward approval.
		Carbon tetrachloride is shipped in truck, rail car and barge quantities.
	www.dow.com /gco/na/prod/c_tetra.htm (76 words)

	Carbon Tetrachloride Degradation Pathway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Carbon tetrachloride is a widespread environmental pollutant due to improper disposal.
		Carbon tetrachloride is degraded to chloroform, dichoromethane, chloromethane and ultimately methane by hydrogenolytic dechlorinations.
		Carbon tetrachloride, in the right-most pathway, can be degraded via sulfur and oxygen substitution in one-electron reduction reactions.
	umbbd.ahc.umn.edu /ctc/ctc_map.html (283 words)

	Carbon Tetrachloride
		Carbon tetrachloride is the material that has polluted the St. Joseph's Aquifer beneathe Schoolcraft, Michigan.
		Farmers killed bollweevils that threatened to eat grain in silos by dumping in carbon tetrachloride.
		May be removed from drinking water by boiling, or activated carbon filter.
	www.egr.msu.edu /schoolcraft/ccl4.htm (154 words)

	Carbon tetrachloride [factsheet]
		* Carbon tetrachloride is also a common contaminant of indoor air; the sources of exposure appear to be building materials or products, such as cleaning agents, used in the home.
		* Carbon tetrachloride has been produced in large quantities to make refrigerants and propellants for aerosol cans; production of fluorocarbon propellants is being phased out due to their effect on the ozone layer and this use of carbon tetrachloride is currently declining.
		* Carbon tetrachloride is used as a solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins and as a starting material in the manufacture of organic compounds.
	www.weblakes.com /toxic/CARBON_TETRACHLORIDE.HTML (1264 words)

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