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	Chinese Philosophy - MSN Encarta
		Chinese Philosophy, collective designation for the various schools of thought originated by Chinese scholars and sages.
		The classical age of Chinese philosophy occurred in the late years of the Zhou (Chou) dynasty, which lasted from about 1045 bc to 256 bc.
		The second great philosophy of the classical age was Daoism (Taoism).
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761568835 (911 words)

	Chinese philosophy : Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online
		By contrast, in the West these norms had to be abstracted and raised to the level of consciousness to adjudicate conflicts occasioned by the complex ethnic and linguistic interactions associated with the development of a civilization rooted almost from the beginning in the confluence of Greek, Hebrew, and Latin civilizations.
		The Chinese are largely indifferent to abstract analyses that seek to maintain an objective perspective, and are decidedly anthropocentric in their motivations for the acquisition, organization and transmission of knowledge.
		Perhaps the most obvious illustration of the way the Chinese handled their theoretical conflicts is to be found in mutual accommodation of the three emergent traditions of Chinese culture, Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism.
	www.rep.routledge.com /article/G001 (617 words)

	Chinese Philosophy
		If, in traditional Chinese philosophy, a question of the theory of knowledge had not been linked to the question of ethics, it would have been difficult for it to be passed down as a part of traditional philosophy.
		Since philosophy is a science of the most general laws of nature, society and human thought presented in the form of abstractions, the development of the content of philosophical thought is therefore a history of the continuous advancement of concepts and categories and of their continuous clarification, enrichment and growth.
		The study of the history of Chinese philosophy, in particular, used to stress the role played by a certain philosopher or philosophical school in history and how they were related to the ongoing class struggle and political struggle at that time.
	www.russbo.com /Foundations/part1.htm (12714 words)

	Philosophy About Chinese Calligraphy
		The goal in Chinese calligraphy is to express the innermost beauty of one's soul and spirit combined with one's physical capabilities that elevates one's well being in whole in a balanced lifestyle.
		To be a Chinese calligraphy cognoscente both in skills and insight, one has to train his inner eyes to see the underlying principles guiding an ancient master’s design.
		The methodology related to Chinese calligraphy can be explained as two interrelated parts: the holding and operation of brush and the mental creation.
	www.art-virtue.com /philosophy/index.htm (6499 words)

	Chinese philosophy and religions
		Chinese is greatly influenced by the philosophies and religions of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.
		Chinese is taught to eliminate the human desire for material life and to meditate for spiritual pureness.
		Chinese philosophies and religions after so many years become very complicated and difficult to summarize.
	www.index-china.com /index-english/people-religions-s.html (644 words)

	Chinese Cultural Studies: Philosophy and Religion in China
		In the Chinese language the word tao means "way," indicating a way of thought or life.
		The prevailing disorders, aggravated by barbarian invasions and the flight of northern Chinese to the south, heightened the attraction of Buddhism with its promise of personal salvation, despite its lack of affinity with the society-oriented thought of the Chinese.
		Zen (Ch'an in Chinese) is a Japanese term meaning "meditation." It is a major school of Japanese Buddhism that claims to transmit the spirit of Buddhism, or the total enlightenment as achieved by the founder of the religion, the Buddha (See Buddha; Buddhism).
	acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu /~phalsall/texts/chinrelg.html (2886 words)

	Chinese Philosophies and Religions
		Two other philosophies that have had an enduringinfluence on Chinese thought are Taoism and Legalism.
		The prevailing disorders,aggravated by barbarian invasions and the flight of northern Chinese tothe south, heightened the attraction of Buddhism with its promise of personalsalvation, despite its lack of affinity with the society-oriented thoughtof the Chinese.
		Zen (Chan in Chinese) is a Japanese term meaning "meditation."It is a major school of Japanese Buddhism that claims to transmit the spiritof Buddhism, or the total enlightenment as achieved by the founder of thereligion, the Buddha.
	www.china-inc.com /education/phi_rel/index.html (3278 words)

	Chinese philosophy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is arguable that Confucianism is most responsible for shaping the Chinese culture and state of China.
		The belief that the purpose of philosophy is primarily to serve as an ethical and practical guide.
		Western philosophy emphasizes ambition, individualism, rationality, power, and liberty, while Chinese philosophy emphasizes benevolence, harmony, wisdom, family, and honoring one's ancestors.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chinese_philosophy (1900 words)

	Journal of Chinese Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Journal of Chinese Philosophy was founded 23 years ago with the intent of establishing an organ for the publication of serious studies in Chinese philosophy and for the development and cultivation of that philosophy as a workable area for contemporary philosophical thinking.
		Therefore, the journal is not only a source for insights into the form and substance of Chinese philosophy, but also a forum for Chinese-Western philosophical dialogue.
		Symposium issues have been published on such themes as Chinese Logic and Chinese Philosophy of language, Chinese Aesthetics, Chinese Philosophy of Literature, Philosophy of Ch'an Buddhism, Justice East and West, and Studies in Taoist Philosophy, Philosophy of Feng Yu-lan.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~ccheng (197 words)

	Confucius, K'ung-fu-tzu
		This crippled Chinese trade and foreign involvement; and one is left to wonder just how world history would have been different had Vasco da Gama arrived in the Indian Ocean in 1498, just 65 years later, to discover an overwhelming and technologically equal or superior Chinese naval presence.
		This becomes a principle that informs the writing of Chinese history: Beginning with the Later Han Dynasty, one of first acts of a traditional Chinese dynasty was the commissioning of an official history of the previous dynasty (in that case the great History of the Former Hàn Dynasty).
		The history of the last Chinese dynasty, the Qing (1644-1912), was completed by the government of the Republic of China on Taiwan.
	www.friesian.com /confuci.htm (3761 words)

	Chinese Philosophy
		This emphasis on the importance of reason and argument has led some to identify Mozi as the first recognisable genuine philosopher in Chinese history, and his successors (known as the Moists) were notably more interested in such matters as logic and the theory of language than were their Confucian contemporaries.
		Because this notion of change was at the very heart of the Chinese world-view, Chinese philosophy was always more comfortable with the notion of ‘becoming’ than was its Western counterpart, which frequently found itself bogged down in the problems associated with ‘being’.
		For me, however, the abiding impression of Chinese philosophy in all its manifestations is its inherent this-worldliness and practicality.
	members.aol.com /ArnaudJPP/Volume5Articles/ChinesePhilosophy.htm (3610 words)

	Philosophy Chinese - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Philosophy Chinese - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Philosophy, Western (Greek philosophia, “love of wisdom”), rational and critical inquiry into basic principles.
		Analytic and Linguistic Philosophy, philosophical movement, dominant in Britain and the United States since World War II, that aims to clarify...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Philosophy_Chinese.html (149 words)

	Amazon.ca: A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy: Books: Wing-Tsit Chan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		If there is one thing that stands out is that Chinese philosophy is just as (and I hate to juxtapose - but I will this one time) convoluted and affected by forces as (or even more than our very own "western" tradition) acting on it.
		As I recall, it was to be a beginning for those interested in the subject and was not intended to satisfy those further along in their studies.
		This is one of the finest works faithful to the humanist spirit of Chinese philosophy.
	www.amazon.ca /Source-Book-Chinese-Philosophy/dp/0691019649 (1420 words)

	Essential Readings on Chinese Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Overview of the philosophies of Mencius (Mengzi) and Hsun Tzu (Xunzi), focusing on their views of the role of desire in self-cultivation.
		Some anthologies try to cover all of Chinese philosophy in one volume, or (worse yet) all of "Asian philosophy." In contrast, this anthology provides more extensive selections from some of the most interesting philosophers from the "Classical Period" of Chinese philosophy.
		An overview of the state of the field in Chinese philosophy with a discussion of its relevance to Western philosophy.
	vassun.vassar.edu /~brvannor/bibliography.html (5912 words)

	Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy
		Featuring contributions from the world’s most highly esteemed Asian philosophy scholars, this important new encyclopedia covers the complex and increasingly influential field of Chinese thought, from earliest recorded times to the present day.
		The first Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy in the English language, this unique volume is highly readable as well as authoritative, making it valuable at a variety of levels.
		Antonio S. Cua, Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the Catholic University of America, is coeditor of the Journal of Chinese Philosophy, associate editor of the International Journal of the Philosophy of Religion, and former president of both the Society for Asian and Comparative Philosophy, and the International Society of Chinese Philosophy.
	www.routledge-ny.com /chinesephil (299 words)

	Amazon.com: A Short History of Chinese Philosophy: Books: Yu-lan Fung,Derk Bodde (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In Western bookstores, Asian philosophy in general is filed separately, and often ranged alongside the Tarot, crystals and the New Age.
		Indeed we find that Chinese political philosophy emphasized obedience dialectically for the surprising, even shocking, reason that two great dynasties were formed by peasant jacqueries as if Wat Tyler had overthrown Richard Plantagenet and as if, today, the Tyler menage were installed at Buckingham Palace amidst great pomp and state.
		Nothing further from a Western re-presentation of Oriental philosophy could be imagined, for in the Orientalist mis-re-presentation, the adept is forever the Parzival fool/seeker beaten into silence by the Zen master in a totalitarian caricature.
	www.amazon.com /Short-History-Chinese-Philosophy/dp/0684836343 (1863 words)

	The Classical Chinese Philosophy Page
		This is one of a series of pages discussing Classical Chinese philosophy during the period from before Confucius (ca 650 B.C.) to the early Han dynasty (ca 200 B.C.).
		In China, so numerous were the philosophers and their schools during the period from the sixth to third centuries that the Chinese called them the "Hundred Schools." During the Han dynasty (206B.C.-A.D.4), historians of philosophy attempted to group these philosophers together into schools.
		This philosophy was thought to have originated with scholars in the departments concerned with astronomy, calendrics, and meteorology.
	www.as.miami.edu /phi/bio/Buddha/classphi.htm (1479 words)

	Sensei's Library: Ancient Chinese Rules And Philosophy
		In ancient Chinese philosophy, Black is Yin and White is Yang.
		A Chinese weiqi proverb:"there are qi, a group is living on the board, there are no qi,a group is removed from the board." (有气则生，无气则亡)Generally, if a group is alive on the board forever, it must have two eyes.
		Due to the necessity of at least two liberties per chain (that is, either two separate one-intersection eyes or, in seki, either one eye and one shared liberty or two shared liberties), the intersection being not coverable by any stones remain neutral.
	senseis.xmp.net /?AncientChineseRulesAndPhilosophy (2028 words)

	Center for Chinese Studies: Faculty: Chung-ying Cheng
		Professor Cheng's chief research interests are in five areas: Chinese logic, the I Ching and the origins of Chinese philosophy, Confucian and Neo-Confucian Philosophy, the onto-hermeneutics of Eastern and Western philosophy, and Chan (Zen) philosophy.
		Recently he has worked on the philosophy of c-management and Confucian Bio-Ethics as they relate to the Chinese tradition, and on how Chinese culture fits into world culture.
		Professor Cheng serves as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Chinese Philosophy.
	www.chinesestudies.hawaii.edu /community/faculty/cheng_chung-ying.html (286 words)

	Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy, Preparatory Office
		The Preparatory Office of the Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy is situated by the side of the Ssu-fen brook in Academia Sinica.
		We aim to advance the study of Chinese literature and philosophy, and to lay the groundwork for the establishment of the Institute.
		Major philosophical stands of Chinese thought, the relationship between philosophy, literature, politics, and society, and history and thought of religion.
	www.sinica.edu.tw /as/intro/iclp.html (805 words)

	Legalism and Chinese Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In contrast to Taoism's intuitive anarchy, and Confucianism's benevolence, Legalism is a Classical Chinese philosophy that emphasizes the need for order above all other human concerns.
		Even though both Confucianism and Legalism called for governmental hierarchy and adherence to tradition, the difference between the two schools is that Confucianism advocated ruling benevolently by example.
		The dominant imagery in Legalism's writings is of forcefully straightening or unbending twisted tree limbs so that they grow perfectly straight, or using hot irons to burn the tree limbs so that they will grow in the desired direction.
	web.cn.edu /kwheeler/chinese_legalism.html (415 words)

	Chinese Philosophy & Religion: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		These 10 immortals are often pictured in Chinese legends and parables.
		Philosophical Daoism (as compared to religious Daoism) is generally thought to have been based on the 'Dao De Ching' of Lao Tzu and the work of his disciple, Chuang Tzu.
		The largest Buddhist monastery in the Western hemisphere...Its ancient Chinese architecture and pristine grounds are a stark contrast to the neighborhood traffic and telephone lines.
	qi-journal.com /philosophy.asp (247 words)

	PHIL310: Chinese Philosophy Syllabus, University of Delaware
		Even if absences are medically documented or otherwise excused, the instructor reserves the right to insist on a medical withdrawal in lieu of failure for those students who miss a large proportion of class meetings.
		We will be interested in both the content and the methodology of Chinese Philosophy.
		It is important to remember that this is a 300 level Philosophy course, and although no prior experience in Philosophy is required, and no knowledge of the Chinese language is necessary, still the class will be demanding and will require that you read a lot and think deeply about what you have read.
	www.udel.edu /Philosophy/afox/310syl.html (627 words)

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