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Topic: Chromatography

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	Chromatography Books (open access)
		Chromatography, although primarily a separation technique, is mostly employed in chemical analysis.
		The technique of vacancy chromatography is considered and an equation for the peak capacity of a column developed.
		The effect of the compressibility of the mobile phase in a gas chromatography column on the variance equation is theoretically examined and the Van Deemmter equation discussed.
	www.chromatography-online.org (1793 words)

	Chromatography Summary
		Chromatography (from Greek chroma, colour) is the collective term for a family of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures.
		Chromatography is a separation method that exploits the differences in partitioning behavior between a mobile phase and a stationary phase to separate the components in a mixture.
		Gas chromatography (GC) is based on a partition equilibrium of analyte between a liquid stationary phase and a mobile gas.
	www.bookrags.com /Chromatography (5650 words)

	Chromatography K-12 Experiments for Lesson Plans & Science Fair Projects
		Analytical chromatography is used to determine the identity and concentration of molecules in a mixture.
		Chromatography is a separation method that exploits the differences in partitioning behavior between a mobile phase and a stationary phase to separate the components in a mixture.
		Gas-liquid chromatography is based on a partition equilibrium of analyte between a liquid stationary phase and a mobile gas.
	www.juliantrubin.com /encyclopedia/forensicscience/chromatography.html (2311 words)

	Chromatography
		Chromatography, a group of methods for separating very small quantities of complex mixtures, with very high resolution, is one of the most important techniques in environmental analysis.
		Chromatography has increased the utility of several types of spectroscopy, by delivering separate components of a complex sample, one at a time, to the spectrometer.
		A chromatography peak can be approximated to be a normal or Gaussian peak, and “height equivalent of a theoretical plate” H is defined as the variance per unit length.
	web.njit.edu /~kebbekus/analysis/4CHROMAT.htm (12691 words)

	Chromatography and Spectroscopy
		There are many forms of chromatography, but in all forms, a mixture of substances is separated into pure components by passing the mixture over an insoluble material to which the substances stick to varying degrees.
		Chromatography can be an analytical method, in which the investigator learns the number and nature of the components in a very small amount of a mixture, but does not actually isolate them.
		A common analytical method is silica-gel thin-layer chromatography (TLC), in which the stationary phase is a thin coating of the very polar silica gel (oxides of silicon) on a glass or plastic plate, and the mobile phase is a solvent (or mixture of solvents) that is less polar than silica gel.
	www.usm.maine.edu /chy/manuals/114/text/Chrom.html (1028 words)

	Chromatography
		Chromatography is a separations method that relies on differences in partitioning behavior between a flowing mobile phase and a stationary phase to separate the the components in a mixture.
		A variation of liquid chromatography that utilizes high-pressure pumps to increase the efficiency of the separation.
		Also called gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), the mobile phase is a solvent and the stationary phase is a packing of porous particles.
	elchem.kaist.ac.kr /vt/chem-ed/sep/chromato.htm (278 words)

	Chromatography
		Chromatography is a chemical technique for separating mixtures of coloured chemicals.
		We could also use chromatography to separate the different pigment in writing ink: a forensic scientist might do this to find out if all the writing on a cheque was written with the same pen.
		We can even use chromatography to separate mixtures of colourless chemicals: it is possible to use the technique to separate the amino-acids produced when a protein is digested.
	www.purchon.com /chemistry/chromatography.htm (670 words)

	Chromatography (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Acquaint students with chromatography as a technique useful in separating mixtures.
		Perform a paper chromatography separation of pigment mixture and analyze its separate parts by determining the R
		Define chromatography as: the process of separating small quantities of a substance in a mixture (often a solution) through selective absorption.
	www.iit.edu /~smile/ch9123.html (323 words)

	Chromatography
		Chromatography is a method used by scientists for separating organic and inorganic compounds so that they can be analyzed and studied.
		In thin-layer chromatography the stationary phase is the thin-layer cell.
		In gas chromatography helium is used to move a gaseous mixture through a column of absorbent material.
	www.doggedresearch.com /chromo/chromatography.htm (848 words)

	TCAW 9/98: Creating A Central Science
		As with all forms of chromatography, the choice of coating, whether inert or reactive, depends on the nature of the material to be separated and the end results desired.
		Despite the relatively small number of people involved in chromatography's early days, it is difficult to name a facet of modern life to which it has not contributed, whether as an analytical science, a preparative tool, or a regulatory technique - including its role as a mainstay of the chemical industry.
		Chromatography - with its fundamental quest to separate and identify every kind of atom and molecule, and with its diverse applications from agriculture to zoology, from petrochemicals to biopharmaceuticals, and from simple salts to the most complex polymers - can indeed be considered the instrumental backbone of chemistry's claim to be the central science.
	pubs.acs.org /hotartcl/tcaw/98/sep/creat.html (2058 words)

	chromatography. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In column chromatography the adsorbant is packed into a column and a solution of the mixture is added at the top.
		In gel-permeation chromatography, compounds are separated on the basis of their molecular size.
		In paper chromatography a procedure similar to TLC is used except that the cellulose in the paper acts as the adsorbant.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ch/chromato.html (936 words)

	Chromatography
		In gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) the stationary phase is a liquid (silicon oil, carbowax, etc.) that is coating an inert solid that is packed in a tube (either glass, stainless steel or copper).
		In paper chromatography the liquid stationary phase is generally water that is adsorbed onto the fibers of the paper.
		While in paper chromatography, it is another liquid that has different physical properties and constants from those of the stationary phase, even though the liquids themselves may be mutually soluble in one another.
	www.nvcc.edu /alexandria/science/Chromatography.html (1444 words)

	An Introduction to Chromatography
		Chromatography is the science which is studies the separation of molecules based on differences in their structure and/or composition.
		This discussion of chromatography will focus on the separation of proteins into relatively homogeneous groups because proteins are often the target molecules which must be purified for use as "biopharmaceuticals" or medicines.
		During chromatography, the students may have questions, and this is usually the best time to answer them, as well as to explain what is going on.
	www.accessexcellence.org /LC/SS/chromatography_background.html (2487 words)

	Wyatt Technology Corporation: Theory - Light Scattering and Chromatography Mode
		In a chromatography mode light scattering experiment, the classical or QELS light scattering detector is coupled with a fractionation technique that can separate macromolecules based on their physical properties.
		In a typical chromatography measurement employing light scattering, the light scattering detector and a concentration detector are connected in series after the fractionation device.
		For light scattering in the chromatography mode, however, this is no problem, since the absolute molar mass and size are determined for each eluting fraction.
	www.wyatt.com /theory/chromatographymode (294 words)

	Chromatography (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chromatography is a separation process that involves partitioning a protein (or any other soluble analyte) between an insoluble stationary phase and a mobile phase that passes over its surface.
		When an analyte of any kind is undergoing chromatography, it is moving at the same rate as the mobile phase when it is in the mobile phase and it is stationary when it is bound to the stationary phase.
		A k' value of 1 indicates that 2 column volumes of mobile phase must be used, while a k' value of 5 indicates that 6 column volumes must be used.
	www.rit.edu /~pac8612/webionex/website/html/ione8ho9.html (570 words)

	CANDY CHROMATOGRAPHY
		Carefully staple one piece of chromatography paper into a cylinder and place the paper in the beaker with the spots at the bottom of the cylinder.
		Paper chromatography is an important separation technique that depends upon differences in how strongly the dyes are adsorbed onto the paper (stationary phase) and how soluble the dyes are in the developing solvent (mobile phase).
		In paper chromatography, a small amount of the mixture to be separated is placed close to the edge of a piece of paper.
	www.woodrow.org /teachers/chemistry/institutes/1986/exp3.html (1038 words)

	Alcott HPLC Chromatography
		Alcott Chromatography, Inc. is located just outside Atlanta, Georgia near their parent company, Micromeritics Instrument Corporation, Inc..
		Alcott Chromatography, Inc. (ACI) was established as a wholly owned subsidiary in 1985 to serve the HPLC autosampler market.
		Alcott Chromatography, Inc. is a chemistry instrumentation company that specializes in responding to your needs for precision sample preparation and injection.
	www.alcottchromatography.com (498 words)

	Intro to Chromatography
		A mixture of various components enters a chromatography process, and the different components are flushed through the system at different rates.
		Second, chromatography can be used to separate delicate products since the conditions under which it is performed are not typically severe.
		For these reasons, chromatography is quite well suited to a variety of uses in the field of biotechnology, such as separating mixtures of proteins.
	www.rpi.edu /dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/CHROMO/chromintro.html (333 words)

	Column Chromatography
		Chromatography systems have a stationary phase (which can be solid or liquid) and a mobile phase (usually liquid or gas).
		Not only can column chromatography be used to determine the number of components of a mixture, but it can also be used to separate and purify substantial quantities of those components for subsequent analysis.
		Column chromatography is less foolproof than paper chromatography and requires constant attention while the experiment is being performed: collection vessels must be frequently switched and solvent levels need to be topped up.
	www.chem.ubc.ca /courseware/121/tutorials/exp3A/columnchrom (1187 words)

	Chem 211 - Column Chromatography
		Column chromatography is one of the most useful methods for the separation and purification of both solids and liquids when carrying out small-scale experiments.
		Column chromatography is another solid-liquid technique in which the two phases are a solid (stationary phase) and a liquid (moving phase).
		The theory of column chromatography is analogous to that of thin-layer chromatography.
	www.wellesley.edu /Chemistry/chem211lab/Orgo_Lab_Manual/Appendix/Techniques/ColumnChrom/column_chrom.html (178 words)

	Paper Chromatography: Description
		Paper chromatography is one method for testing the purity of compounds and identifying substances.
		Paper chromatography is a useful technique because it is relatively quick and requires small quantities of material.
		In paper chromatography, like thin layer chromatography, substances are distributed between a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /JCESoft/Programs/CPL/Sample/modules/paprchrom/paprchromdesc.htm (119 words)

	Gas Chromatography
		Chromatography in which the stationary phase (often water) is more polar than the mobile phase.
		In ‘headspace chromatography’ the vapor phase is analyzed as an indication of concentration in the liquid phase.
		Generally, any chromatography in which the mobile phase is a liquid; but sometimes used to mean column chromatography at little or no applied pressure.
	www.dyerlabs.com /chemistry/glossary.html (1101 words)

	Paper Chromatography
		The separation in paper chromatography is achieved because the components of the mixture being separated are different from each other in polarity and hydrogen bonding ability.
		You performed paper chromatography on a purple coloured food dye, which separated into two spots, a red one that moved almost the whole length of the plate, and a blue one which moved considerably less.
		A paper chromatography experiment is run until the solvent front (the top edge of the mobile phase traveling through the stationary phase) is approximately 1-1.5 cm from the top edge of the paper.
	www.chem.ubc.ca /courseware/121/tutorials/exp3A/paperchrom (2003 words)

	Gas Chromatography
		Gas-solid chromatography is relatively rare, but it is used to separate atmospheric gases.
		Much of the early work in gas chromatography involved separating hydrocarbon mixtures such as gasoline on columns in which the liquid phase was a silicone oil.
		This was (roughly) the distance along the column that gave the same separation as a (theoretical) plate in a distillation column.
	www.dyerlabs.com /chemistry/gas.html (1850 words)

	Chromatography
		Column chromatography is one of the most common methods of protein purification.
		Where ion exchange chromatography relies on the charges of proteins to isolate them, hydrophobic interaction chromatography uses the hydrophobic properties of some proteins.
		Affinity chromatography relies on the biological functions of a protein to bind it to a column.
	lifesciences.asu.edu /resources/mamajis/chromatography/chromatography.html (1005 words)

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