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Topic: Civil law

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	Learn more about Civil law in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The civil law is based on Roman law, especially the Corpus Juris Civilis of Emperor Justinian, as latter developed through the Middle Ages by mediaeval legal scholars.
		Originally civil law was one common legal system in much of Europe, but with the development of nationalism in the 17th century Nordic countries and around the time of the French Revolution, it became fractured into separate national systems.
		Civil lawsuits sometimes occur as a result of criminal action, and such a lawsuit can be successful even when the defendant was found not guilty under criminal law.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /c/ci/civil_law.html (692 words)

	civil law. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In general usage, civil law also means the rules that govern private legal affairs; in this sense it contrasts with criminal law and, to a lesser degree, public law.
		The law that had been in force throughout the Roman Empire when it controlled most of Europe and the Middle East was to some extent supplanted by Germanic laws when Germanic tribes carried out their great conquests.
		Nevertheless, civil law influenced the common law in the fields of admiralty law, testamentary law, and domestic relations, and civil law became part of the basis for the system of equity.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ci/civillaw.html (738 words)

	AllRefer.com - civil law (Law: Divisions And Codes) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Civil law is based on written legal codes, a hallmark of the Roman legal system, in which disputes were settled by reference to a written legal code arrived at through legislation, edicts, and the like; common law is based on the precedents created by judicial decisions over time.
		The civil law judge is bound by the provisions of the written law.
		The traditional civil law decision states the applicable provision from the code or from a relevant statute, and the judgment is based upon that provision.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/civillaw.html (373 words)

	Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia Civil law - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the western and southwestern parts of the U.S., laws in such diverse areas as divorce and water rights show the influence of their Iberian civil-law heritage, being based on distinctly different principles from the laws of the northeastern states colonized by settlers with English common-law roots.
		Violations of civil law are considered to be torts or breaches of contract, rather than crimes.
		This was the situation in England that repeatedly caused problems between the two legal systems, most famously perhaps the one that led to the murder of Thomas a Becket during the reign of Henry II of England.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ci/Civil_law (678 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Influence of the Church on Civil Law
		Thus, according to the laws of different emperors, the killing of a child either by the father or by the mother was declared to be one of the greatest crimes (Cod.
		The canon law modified this provision by enjoining that the necessary heir in such a case was entitled first to the deduction of his natural share and then also to the deduction of the Trebellian quarter from the rest of the inheritance (cc.
		Practically all the laws of the barbarian nations were written under Christian influences; and the illiterate barbarians willingly accepted the aid of the literate clergy to reduce to writing the institutes of their forefathers.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09066a.htm (2475 words)

	Vermont Secretary of State - Civil Unions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A copy of the civil union certificate received from the town clerk, the commissioner of health or the director of public records shall be presumptive evidence of the civil union in all courts.
		Parties to a civil union are given all the same benefits, protections and responsibilities under Vermont law, whether they derive from statute, administrative or court rule, policy, common law or any other source of civil law, as are granted to spouses in a marriage.
		Parties to a civil union may modify the terms, conditions, or effects of their civil union in the same manner and to the same extent as parties to a marriage.
	www.sec.state.vt.us /otherprg/civilunions/civilunions.html (1750 words)

	Peter Suber, "Civil Disobedience"
		Civil disobedience is a form of protest in which protestors deliberately violate a law.
		While civil disobedience in a broad sense is as old as the Hebrew midwives' defiance of Pharaoh, most of the moral and legal theory surrounding it, as well as most of the instances in the street, have been inspired by Thoreau, Gandhi, and King.
		In this tradition, A.J. Muste argued that to use legal channels to fight unjust laws is to participate in an evil machine, and to disguise dissent as conformity; this in turn corrupts the activist and discourages others by leading them to underestimate the numbers of their congeners.
	www.earlham.edu /~peters/writing/civ-dis.htm (1767 words)

	William Tetley, Mixed jurisdictions: common law <i>vs</i> civil law (codified and uncodified) (Part I)
		Civil law jurisdictions often have a statute law that is heavily influenced by the common law.
		The diversity of the sources of the civil law, the diversity of languages in which it was expressed, the absence of contemporary commentaries on that law and the reputed "advantages" of the French and Louisiana codes, resulted in pressure for codification, which led to the formation of a commission in 1857.
		Civil law decisions first identify the legal principles that might be relevant, then verify if the facts support their application (only the facts relevant to the advanced principle thus need be stated).
	www.unidroit.org /english/publications/review/articles/1999-3.htm (12718 words)

	The Civil Law System
		The civil law system, also known as the continental system, is used in many more countries than the common law.
		The essence of the civil law is that every law of the country is "codified," or written into the law.
		Due to the cursory nature of the legal opinions, common law scholars, who were accustomed to reading legal opinions full of rationale and logic, believed that the judges were strictly limited to the application of the law.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/comparative_law/11994 (497 words)

	LII: Law about...Civil Rights
		A civil right is an enforceable right or privilege, which if interfered with by another gives rise to an action for injury.
		Examples of civil rights are freedom of speech, press, assembly, the right to vote, freedom from involuntary servitude, and the right to equality in public places.
		Discrimination occurs when the civil rights of an individual are denied or interfered with because of their membership in a particular group or class.
	straylight.law.cornell.edu /topics/civil_rights.html (720 words)

	LII: Law about...Civil Procedure
		"Civil trials" concern the judicial resolution of claims by one individual or group against another and is to be distinguished from "criminal trials," in which the state prosecutes an individual for violation of criminal law.
		Under the American "common law" system, the initial burden is on the complaining party (the "Plaintiff") to file suit in court.
		The federal courts follow the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure; the state courts follow their own state rules of civil procedure.
	www.law.cornell.edu /topics/civil_procedure.html (362 words)

	Comparative Civil Procedure
		As Civil Procedure has been traditionally considered as being governed by lex fori (the law of the state where the proceedings take place), primary and secondary sources for this subject should be researched jurisdiction by jurisdiction.
		Appellate procedure in the context of the new law of civil procedure.
		Appelate procedure in the context of the new law.
	www.law.nyu.edu /library/foreign_intl/civilproc.html (4106 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Medieval Legal History
		The Law of Brusthem, 1175, on a mixed marriage between a slave and a freewoman.
		Cain Adamnain: An Old-Irish Treatise on the Law of Adamnan
		Laws of Alfred and Ine [In Anglo Saxon] [At Labryinth]
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/sbook-law.html (4132 words)

	Boston.com / News / Local / Mass. / House passes bill to strengthen civil commitment law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The House Wednesday overwhelmingly approved a bill, inspired by the 2002 murder of a Boston socialite, which would expand the list of sex crimes that would allow the state to keep criminals behind bars even after their criminal sentence is completed.
		Among the crimes added to the list that qualify criminals as "sexually dangerous" are kidnapping, inducing a minor into prostitution, possession of child pornography and accosting or annoying persons of the opposite sex.
		It would also allow for the civil commitment of criminals who had previously been convicted of such a crime, even if that was not the cause of their most recent incarceration.
	www.boston.com /news/local/massachusetts/articles/2004/03/24/house_passes_bill_to_strengthen_civil_commitment_law (300 words)

	Civil Rights - Law and History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		At the conclusion of the Civil War, much remained to be done to ensure the rights and privileges of citizenship to all Americans.
		The Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice is responsible for enforcing the civil rights laws passed by the Congress.
		These pages describe the federal civil rights laws and give examples from history that led to their passage.
	www.usdoj.gov /kidspage/crt/crtmenu.htm (165 words)

	Liberty Library of Constitutional Classics
		Scott (1932) — Includes the classics of ancient Roman law: the Law of the Twelve Tables (450 BCE), the Institutes of Gaius (180), the Rules of Ulpian (222), the Opinions of Paulus (224), the Corpus Juris Civilis of Justinian (533), which codified Roman Law, and the Constitutions of Leo.
		The Law of Nations, Emmerich de Vattel (1758) — Based constitutional and civil law on the law of nations.
		The Law, Frederick Bastiat (1850) — Classic treatment of one of the main challenges to the survival of democratic government.
	www.constitution.org /liberlib.htm (3653 words)

	ABC News: Civil Union Law Takes Effect in Conn. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Connecticut is the first state to pass a civil union law without court pressure.
		Connecticut became the first state to legalize civil unions without being forced by the courts after lawmakers passed a law endorsing the unions in April.
		The law affords all the legal rights of marriage such as spousal health care benefits to same-sex couples, but defines marriage as between a man and a woman.
	abcnews.go.com /US/wireStory?id=1176770 (423 words)

	Welcome to Chinese Civil Law Forum - CCLAW.NET
		Chinese Civil Law Forum, sponsored by Babelcom, is dedicated to the dissemination of information on China's private sector legal institutions (property law, contract law, company law, partnership law, and sole proprietorship law) in English.
		We are in the process of building a depositary of information related to the legislative activities concerning the Chinese Property Law, including the English version of the draft provisions, commentaries and case studies.
		Therefore, we first produce a draft of the law and invite comments and suggestions from readers; after a period of time, we will make available a final version.
	www.cclaw.net (554 words)

	Search the Opinions of the US Supreme Court
		Whether a violation of the Fifth Amendment, potentially resulting in an award of civil damages, occurs at the time of the purported coercive the constitutionally violative statement in a criminal proceeding.
		A corporation organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands is a "citize[n] or subjec[t] of a foreign state" for purposes of alienage diversity jurisdiction, 28 U. §1332(a)(2).
		A defective indictment does not deprive a court of jurisdiction; the omission from a federal indictment of a fact that enhances the statutory maximum sentence does not justify a court of appeals' vacating the enhanced sentence, even though the defendant did not object in the trial court.
	www.law.cornell.edu /syllabi?civil+and+rights (1844 words)

	Welcome to the Legal Information Institute
		Michael Schwerner was a member of the Cornell class of 1961, which commissioned a stained-glass window for Sage Chapel in honor of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner.
		Civil rights activist Robert Moses was photographed at the window when he visted the campus earlier this month.
		March 5 - Department of Homeland Security's Office of the Inspector General's report (pdf) entitled "Review of the Transportation Security Administration's Role in the Use and Dissemination of Airline Passenger Data" finds that the "TSA did not ensure that privacy protections were in place for all of the passenger data transfers."
	www.law.cornell.edu (704 words)

	Roman Law Resources
		The IusCivile Forum is an open discussion forum for Roman and civil law.
		A new journal devoted to Roman law, from the University of Kansas School of Law.
		An index of internet portals for Roman, civil, and ancient law, as well as a small number of internal portals for classical antiquity and the middle ages.
	www.iuscivile.com (626 words)

	New York Civil Law
		The defendant argued that the jury award should be reduced by $50,000, the amount of basic economic loss she could have received under the Insurance Law and applicable No-Fault regulations.
		Notably, this Bill is one in a series of measures being introduced at the request of the Chief Administrative Judge upon the recommendation of his Advisory Committee on Civil Practice.
		New York Civil Law will follow this appeal as it works through the Court.
	nylaw.typepad.com /new_york_civil_law (1251 words)

	SPLCenter.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		David Utter, founder of the Center-supported Juvenile Justice Project of Louisiana, was one of 17 winners of the Ford Foundation's Leadership for a Changing World award.
		Ranch Rescue, a vigilante "border patrol" that terrorized Latinos trying to enter the U.S., was shattered and one of its leaders sent to prison after a prolonged legal battle by Center attorneys and law enforcement officials in Texas and Arizona.
		Center supporters from around the country are gathering in Montgomery on October 23 for the dedication of the new Civil Rights Memorial Center and Wall of Tolerance.
	www.splcenter.org (148 words)

	civil law on Encyclopedia.com
		South Texas College of Law Named Champion of Loyola Law School's Third Annual National Civil Trial Competition.
		John Pitkin Joins Law Firm Marshack Shulman Hodges and Bastian; Practice Concentrated in Civil Litigation.
		Exploring economic and democratic theories of civil litigation: differences between individual and organizational litigants in the disposition of federal civil cases.(The Civil Trial: Adaptation and Alternatives)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/c1/civillaw.asp (909 words)

	Civil Liberties Monitoring Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The purpose of the Civil Liberties Monitoring Project is to monitor, document, advocate and educate about civil rights and civil rights abuses by law enforcement and other government agencies in Humboldt, Mendocino and Trinity counties.
		Fishbain won an appeals court ruling in February 2003 affirming that an air freshner does not obstruct a driver's view, and therefore the stop was unwarranted.
		Fishbain advised others to file civil complaints immediately rather than waiting for criminal proceedings, since statute of limitations considerations were among those that lead him to drop his case.
	www.civilliberties.org (1544 words)

	Civil Law and Legal Issues Topic Area (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Good Overview of Civil Rico Pleading Requirements, 45k
		What the California Civil Code Says about Agency and Agents, 10k
		For example, the News Room has lots of case filings, while our Litigation Issues Topic Area and Law Professionals Lounge are full of relevant materials.
	www.lectlaw.com /tciv.htm (516 words)

	Civil Rights Law Journal
		The CRLJ is published bi-annually by a Board of Editors comprised of select students at George Mason University School of Law.
		We seek to publish work that examines American civil rights issues in a thought-provoking and innovative way, from inside and outside the academy.
		This year, the CRLJ is holding its annual Symposium on the topic of "Same-Sex Marriage," with Virginia State Delegate Adam Ebbin (D) and Virginia State Delegate Bob Marshall (R) speaking.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/law/gmucrlj (144 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Civil law [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It may connote an entire legal system, or either of two different bodies of law within a legal system:
		MacQueen, Hector L. Scots Law and the Road to the New Ius Commune (http://www.ejcl.org/44/art44-1.html)." Electronic Journal of Comparative Law 4, no. 4 (December 2000).
		Products related to Civil law: books, DVD, electronics, garden, kitchen, magazines, music, photo, posters, software, tools, toys, VHS, videogames
	encyclozine.com /Civil_law (388 words)

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