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	Contras - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Contras (from the Spanish term La Contra, short for movement of the contrarrevolucionarios, meaning counter-revolutionaries) were the armed opponents of Nicaragua's Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction following the July 1979 overthrow of Anastasio Somoza Debayle and the ending of the Somoza family's 43-year rule.
		U.S. officials were also active in drawing the various Contra groups together in June 1985 as the United Nicaraguan Opposition under the leadership of Calero, Arturo Cruz and Alfonso Robelo, all former members of the original Sandinista cadre: after its dissolution early in 1987, the Nicaraguan Resistance (RN) was organised along similar lines (May 1987).
		The effort to support the Contras was one component of the so-called Reagan Doctrine, championed by American conservatives, which called for providing U.S. military support to movements opposing Soviet-supported, communist-led governments.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Contras (1356 words)

	Contras: Just the facts... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Contras were considered terrorists (A radical who employs terror as a political weapon; usually organizes with other terrorists in small cells; often uses religion as a cover for terrorist activities) by the Sandinistas because many of their attacks targeted civilians.
		The effort to support the Contras was one component of the so-called Reagan Doctrine (additional info and facts about Reagan Doctrine), championed by American conservative (A person who has conservative ideas or opinions) s, which called for providing U.S. military support to movements opposing Soviet-supported (additional info and facts about Soviet-supported), communist-led governments.
		Some Contra elements and disaffected Sandinistas returned briefly to armed opposition in the 1990s (The decade from 1990 to 1999), sometimes calling themselves recontras or revueltos, but these groups were subsequently persuaded to disarm again.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/contras.htm (878 words)

	Iran-Contra Affair - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Both the sale of weapons and the funding of the Contras violated stated administration policy as well as legislation passed by the Democratic-controlled Congress, which had blocked further Contra funding.
		The Reagan administration had been providing covert assistance to the Contras since November 1981, but the 1982 Boland Amendment blocked further military aid when it was discovered that the CIA had supervised acts of sabotage and de facto terrorism in Nicaragua without notifying Congress.
		In addition, proceeds from the arms sales to Iran were used to purchase arms for the Contras in an arrangement instituted by Colonel Oliver North, aide to National Security Advisor John Poindexter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iran-Contra_scandal (1286 words)

	Encyclopedia: Contras (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Contras were considered terrorists by the Sandinistas because many of their attacks targeted civilians.
		The Contras (Spanish contrarrevolucionario, "counter-revolutionary") were the armed opponents of Nicaragua's Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction following the July 1979 overthrow of Anastasio Somoza Debayle and the ending of the Somoza family's 43-year rule.
		The earliest Contra groups formed in 1980-1981 in Honduras, Nicaragua's northern neighbour, allying in August 1981 as the Nicaraguan Democratic Force (Fuerza DemocrÃ¡tica NicaragÃ¼ense, FDN) under the command of former National Guard (army) colonel Enrique BermÃºdez and Jaime Irving Steidel a Honduran-born Field Commander.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Contras (584 words)

	The CIA in Nicaragua from Wake Up
		By the autumn of 1983, 12,000 to 16,000 Contra troops of the so-called FDN (Nicaraguan Democratic Force) were operating along the Honduran border.
		The aim of the Contras was to use terrorist tactics to stop Nicaraguan development projects in all areas: economic, education, health services and political organisations.
		Meanwhile, it was confirmed to congressional intelligence committees by the CIA and other witnesses that the Contras indeed "raped, tortured and killed unarmed civilians, including children" and that "groups of civilians, including women and children, were burned, dismembered, blinded and beheaded".
	www.doublestandards.org /wakeup1.html (2071 words)

	Nicaragua - The Ex-Contras and Recontras
		Whatever the underlying reasons, the rationale stated by supporters of the Chamorro government is that even though the Contras were important to the electoral outcome, the victory was not a military one but an electoral one, and those who waged the electoral battle are those who are entitled to govern.
		Contra leaders, protesting President Chamorro's decision to retain General Humberto Ortega as chief of the army, stated that there would be no national reconciliation and that none of their troops would disarm as long as General Ortega remained in that post.
		Thousands of the some 18,000 to 20,000 Contras who had turned in their weapons had not received the land promised them under the demobilization agreement, and many others found they could not farm the land they had received because of a lack of promised tools and infrastructure.
	countrystudies.us /nicaragua/51.htm (1328 words)

	NICARAGUA
		This is an important change from a human rights perspective, because the contras were major and systematic violators of the most basic standards of the laws of armed conflict, including by launching indiscriminate attacks on civilians, selectively murdering non-combatants, and mistreating prisoners.
		To the extent that the contras have continued to operate, however, they have continued to commit these violations, and toward the end of 1989, abuses by the contras appeared to be on the increase.
		It has echoed contra complaints about the composition of the electoral tribunal, chaired by an independent person appointed by the government, and including two members of the Sandinista party and two members of different factions of the opposition in proportion to their results in the 1984 elections.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1989/WR89/Nicaragu.htm (1260 words)

	What Is Contra Dance?
		Contra dances are a place where people from many walks of life come together to dance and socialize.
		Contra dance is a form of dance that thrusts a different person of the opposite sex into your arms every 30 seconds or so.
		It might be more prudent, but less whimsical, to say that contra dance is one of the few dance forms where by the end of the evening you are likely to have danced with everyone.
	www.sbcds.org /contradance/whatis (1934 words)

	Michael Fumento reviews: "With the Contras - A Reporter in the Wilds of Nicaragua."
		In With the Contras, the rise of Ronald Reagan, "a former cowboy star riding a strong current of frustration and anger" to the White House in 1980, is presented in counterpoint to the rise of the Contras.
		Torture by the Contras is described through direct testimony from a Contra militiaman: "'The three doctors were all torn up, naked, their bodies fl and blue all over from the blows, as from whips.
		Of the Contra leaders, only Eden Pastora, the most controversial Contra and the one with whom the United States is least associated, receives detailed treatment, being described as egotistical and a womanizer.
	www.fumento.com /nicar.html (1164 words)

	Hamilton Country Dancers: A Contra Dance Primer
		Contra Dancing is a form of American folk dance in which the dancers form a set of two parallel lines which run the length of the hall.
		Contra Dances have a relaxed, family-like atmosphere where the emphasis is on dancing, a welcome relief to noisy and smoky dance halls.
		Above all, Contra Dancers form a community of friendly, active people and they welcome new dancers, be they youngsters or seniors.
	www.freenet.hamilton.on.ca /link/jig/a_contra_dancers_primer.htm (514 words)

	Explaining Traditional Squares and Contras to MWSD folks
		Sometimes, the structure of a contra set is described (proper, improper, hands 4, ones cross over), terms used during the dance are defined (partner, neighbor, up the set, down the set, progression), and what to do when you reach the top of bottom of the set.
		The typical evening consists mostly of contra dances, perhaps with a pair of squares in each half (if the caller does squares — they are harder to call, not all dancers like them, and not all callers have the skill).
		Contras are popular because you encounter a greater number of people in a single dance and once the repeating pattern mastered has been mastered, you can let your mind go and enjoy a unique kinesthetic experience enhanced by the energy of live music.
	www.tiac.net /~mabaker/how-contra-dances-work.html (4287 words)

	The Consortium
		Danilo Blandon Reyes, a former contra leader and drug dealer, testified during a recent cocaine trafficking trial in San Diego that the smuggling was given a green light by the late Enrique Bermudez, who commanded the FDN, the largest contra force and the one most closely associated with the CIA.
		Even after North's contra supply operations were exposed in October 1986, when one of his planes (which had been used to carry cocaine) was shot down, the allegations about contra drug trafficking continued facing Reagan-Bush denunciations and little interest in either Congress or the media.
		To recognize the contra drug trafficking would mean, of course, re-examining the role of then-President Bush as well as exposing the incompetence of the elite Washington news media.
	www.consortiumnews.com /archive/lost7.html (1727 words)

	Nicaragua Insurgency 1981-1990
		The funding of arms for the Contras, as members of the Nicaraguan Resistance had come to be known (short for contrarevolucionarios -- counterrevolutionaries), was cut off by the United States Congress in 1984, contributing to a decline in Contra fortunes.
		The Contras' brutal practices of attacks on rural cooperatives, villages, and clinics, often involving the deaths of civilians and the torture and killing of Sandinista officials and soldiers, brought accusations that the Contras were conducting a deliberate campaign of terrorism.
		Under the terms of the accords, former members of the resistance would have their confiscated property restored, be eligible for grants for rehabilitation and training, and receive parcels of land and credits enabling them to settle in autonomous rural development zones.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/november/nicaragua1981.htm (1125 words)

	The Contras, Cocaine, and Covert Operations
		An April 1, 1985 memo from Robert Owen (code-name: "T.C." for "The Courier") to Oliver North (code-name: "The Hammer") describes contra operations on the Southern Front.
		In 1984 Bueso and co-conspirators hatched a plan to assassinate Honduran President Roberto Suazo Córdoba; the plot was to be financed with a $40 million cocaine shipment to the United States, which the FBI intercepted in Florida.
		In February 1987 a contra sympathizer in California told the FBI he believed FDN officials were involved in the drug trade.
	www.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB2/nsaebb2.htm (1652 words)

	Nicaraguan Contras and Cocaine
		On the basis of this evidence, it is clear that individuals who provided support for the Contras were involved in drug trafficking, the supply network of the Contras was used by drug trafficking organizations, and elements of the Contras themselves knowingly received financial and material assistance from drug traffickers.
		The failure of U.S. law enforcement and intelligence agencies to respond properly to allegations concerning criminal activity relating to the Contras was demonstrated by the handling of the Committee's own investigation by the Justice Department and the CIA in the spring of 1986.
		The concern highlights the degree to which the infrastructure used by the Contras and that used by drug traffickers was potentially interchangeable, even in a situation in which the U.S. government had itself established and maintained the airstrip involved.
	www.pinknoiz.com /covert/contracoke.html (11633 words)

	SOUTHERN FRONT CONTRAS
		Between early 1982 and mid-1984, Pastora was the main recipient of the funds CIA channeled to Contras fighting on the Southern Front.
		During the early period of the Contra resistance, Gonzalez was initially associated with ARDE, primarily as a logistics coordinator, and played a liaison role between ARDE and the Panamanian Defense Forces (PDF).
		Further, Cuban-Americans supporting the Contra movement resented the alleged use of military activities as a cover for drug trafficking and feared that discovery and public exposure of the alleged drug trafficking would discredit Cuban-Americans and the insurgency in general.
	www.fas.org /irp/cia/product/cocaine2/south.html (19836 words)

	Total Coverage: The CIA, Contras, and Drugs
		Contra supporters dealing cocaine to fund their army was actually first reported in 1985, in an article by Robert Parry and Brian Barger of the ASSOCIATED PRESS.
		After interviewing DEA, Customs, and FBI officials, the article said there was evidence the Contras were importing drugs into the U.S. to support their war effort.
		[I]t is clear that individuals who provided support for the Contras were involved in drug trafficking, the supply network of the Contras was used by drug trafficking organizations, and elements of the Contras themselves knowingly received financial and material assistance from drug traffickers.
	www.motherjones.com /news/special_reports/total_coverage/coke.html (1870 words)

	This is a Bizarre World
		FOA leaders generate public support and coordinate private aid from US church groups for contras, though that was illegal at the time.Woody Jenkins went around claiming Sandistas were dictators.
		AFC Richard Viguerie lobbied for the contras in Congress and claimed North was innocent.Singlaub and Micharl Clifford(Robertson's CBN staff member) were among AFC members.
		He withdrew his support of the contras and criticized them for their inhumanity.
	www.angelfire.com /tn/bizarrotom (2363 words)

	Memo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Among others, drug kingpins and Contra members Norwin Meneses and Danilo Blandon, senior Contra political leader Adolfo Calero, and Contra military commander Enrique Bermudez were directly, and explicitly, protected from being reported to federal law enforcement authorities under this MOU because of their formal association with the CIA as assets, agents and/or contractors.
		Drug trafficking for the Contra movement was done by some because they were told that their actions were either on behalf of, or sanctioned by, the U.S. Government.
		It reflects appointment with the notation 'Contra' or 'D-Contra.' On Feb. 25, 1985, the notation '1 p.m.
	www.house.gov /waters/ciareportwww.htm (7956 words)

	Contras and Squares
		A Collection of Traditional Contra Dances is maintained by Robert Bley-Vorman in Hawaii.
		The Contra Dance Sound Forum is a listserv dedicated to issues related to running sound for contra dances.
		The Random Contra Dance Generator is a very entertaining, if not especially useful, project by Bob Frederking.
	www.hamline.edu /personal/dkirchner01/personal/dance.html (756 words)

	The Oliver North File
		North's diary entries, from the reporter's notebooks he kept in those years, noting multiple reports of drug smuggling among the contras.
		North recounting drug-running "indiscretions" among the contras, warning that a known drug-smuggling airplane was delivering taxpayer-funded "humanitarian aid" overseen by Mr.
		North's White House e-mails recounting his efforts to spring from prison a Honduran general who could "spill the beans" on the secret contra war, even though the Justice Department termed the Honduran a "narcoterrorist" for his involvement in cocaine smuggling and an assassination plot.
	www.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB113 (1940 words)

	Dr. Bob's Random Contra Dances (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		After the fatal crash of the LTI webserver machine in July 2001, the contra dance generator was down for about two years (hey, I'm a busy guy).
		I've moved the fancier stuff to another page, including the old generator and the ability to recreate a dance from its number.
		and Chair of Linguistics, Swarthmore College, will be using this Random Contra Dance generator in her class Linguistics 57: Movement and Cognition (cross-listed as Math 007 and Dance 076).
	www.cs.cmu.edu /~ref/random-contras.html (160 words)

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