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Topic: Customs union

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Trade creation

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Southern African Customs Union

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Tax, tariff and trade

Free trade area

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	Customs Union Now (The Nation, July 12, 1941)
		The creation of the political Union of South Africa in 1909 was preceded by the formation of a customs union.
		An Anglo-American customs union would be a turning-point in world history.
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	www.thenation.com /archive/detail/13437988 (84 words)

	Customs union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A customs union is a free trade area with a Common External Tariff.
		Purposes for establishing a customs union normally include increasing economic efficiency and establishing closer political and cultural ties between the member countries.
		Customs and Economic Union of Central Africa (UDEAC) - superseded by CEMAC
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Customs_union (228 words)

	European Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Union currently has a common single market consisting of a customs union, a single currency managed by the European Central Bank (so far adopted by 12 of the 25 member states), a Common Agricultural Policy, a common trade policy, and a Common Fisheries Policy.
		The first full customs union was originally known as the European Economic Community (informally called the Common Market in the UK), established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957 and implemented on 1 January 1958.
		Supporters of the European Union argue that the growth of the EU is a force for peace and democracy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/European_Union (6472 words)

	European Union-Turkey Customs Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On 31 December 1995 the customs union between Turkey and the European Union came into effect.
		The Customs Union does not cover essential economic areas, such as agriculture, to which bilateral trade concessions apply, services or public procurement.
		The EU-Turkey Customs Union is one of the steps towards full Turkish membership of the European Union itself.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/EU-Turkey_Customs_Union (337 words)

	CUSTOMS UNION BETWEEN TURKEY AND THE EUROPEAN UNION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The completion of the Customs Union is the most important development effecting Turkish economy since the adoption of liberalisation measures by the 1980s.
		The Customs Union with the EU is the most comprehensive element that contributes to strengthening Turkey’s expanding role as a business partner.
		Apart from these, the Customs Union Decision (CUD) covers adoption of a wide range of legislation including all aspects of trade, participation in several conventions on intellectual, industrial and commercial property rights and harmonisation to the technical standards of the EU.
	www.dtm.gov.tr /ab/ingilizce/gbnot.htm (416 words)

	EUguide - Customs - EUbusiness - EU law, politics and finance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The EU customs union is a single trading area where all goods circulate freely, whether made within the EU or imported from outside.
		Customs officers need to understand which importer should pay how much and to spot false declarations of origin designed to claim a lower tariff than they are entitled to.
		Customs officers ensure compliance with EU and international rules on protection of the environment and of consumer health and safety.
	www.eubusiness.com /guides/customs/view (1125 words)

	CUSTOMS UNION Let's Share and Benefit The Experience of 30 years from Mesan HOMES
		Customs duties and charges have been abolished and quantitative restrictions such as quotas are prohibited.
		The Customs Union involves harmonisation of Turkey 's commercial and competition policies including intellectual property laws with those of the European Union and it extends most of the EU's trade and competition rules to the Turkish economy.
		The chief characteristic of the Customs Union is that goods will move freely between the EU and Turkey without being subject to customs duties or quantitative restrictions; it covers all aspects of trade and commercial policy to ensure there is a "level playing field" for Turkish and European firms.
	www.mesanvillas.com /customsunion.html (958 words)

	What is a Customs Union?
		A Customs Union is a deeper level of regional economic integration and includes all aspects of a FTA and further the introductions of Common External Tariff (CET) structures and harmonized legal and administrative structure in so far as the collection of customs duties is concerned.
		The EAC Customs union will assist to level the playing field for the region’s producers by imposing uniform competition policy and law, customs procedures and external tariffs on goods imported from third countries, which should assist the region to advance its economic development and poverty reduction agenda.
		Further to this, the Customs Union will promote cross-border investment and serve to attract investment into the region, as the enlarged market with minimal customs clearance formalities, shall be more attractive to investors than the previously small individual markets.
	www.eastandard.net /archives/cl/print/news.php?articleid=21114 (1353 words)

	A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union --C--
		The defining characteristic is the customs union, under which from 1958 onwards internal tariffs were progressively eliminated and external barriers harmonised.
		The customs union was completed in 1968, increasing internal trade, albeit to some extent at the expense of external trade (a phenomenon known as 'trade diversion').
		As a customs union, the Community has no internal tariffs but a uniform external tariff, which is one of the sources of revenue for its budget.
	www.euro-know.org /dictionary/c.html (11451 words)

	CUSTOMS: EUROPEAN UNION AND UNITED STATES ADOPT MEASURES TO STRENGTHEN MARITIME CONTAINER SECURITY
		Both sides agree also that the exchange of information is a vital component of customs security actions to protect global trade and decided to define and establish standards for sharing information.
		The US invited the EC to post liaison officers at the Customs and Border Protection (CBP) National Targeting Center, which will further improve the exchange of information, the sharing of best practices and the refinement of common risk indicators with regard to the terrorist threat.
		The EU-US Joint Customs Co-operation Committee suggested that experts from the Commission and the CPB continue working towards realization of the overall objective of mutual recognition and reciprocity of measures and standards and submit first results of the proposed actions and further recommendations in spring 2005.
	www.eurunion.org /News/press/2004/200400161.htm (478 words)

	Talking Turkey: Impending Vote on European-Turkish Customs Union Will Shape History
		In fact, the loss of some $2.9 billion in annual customs duties as a result of the customs union threatens to increase Turkey's public deficit, already pushed dangerously high by the cost of the April-May military incursion into northern Iraq.
		The customs union therefore is likely to increase the number of companies seeking to circumvent the high cost of credit by issuing public offerings on the Istanbul Stock Exchange.
		For the European Parliament, however, the main customs union issue is the curtailment of freedom of expression by article 8 of Turkey's anti-terror law.
	www.washington-report.org /backissues/0695/9506056.htm (1478 words)

	Algeria CUSTOMS AND DUTIES
		A customs union between Algeria and France allows regulations applicable in the metropole to apply also in Algeria, making Algeria a de facto adherent of GATT.
		Algeria has also concluded preferential customs agreements with Tunisia and Morocco and is a founding member of the Arab Maghreb Union (UMA), a trade union composed of Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia.
		Goods from France are admitted at a preferential rate; secondly, goods from other European Union countries; and thirdly, goods from countries that grant Algeria most-favored-nation treatment which are subject to a basic standard tariff.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Africa/Algeria-CUSTOMS-AND-DUTIES.html (263 words)

	CANADA-US: Customs Union Could Have Big Political Price - Experts
		Customs union, which involves setting preferential rules of origin on imports between the member states, harmonising standards and regulations of products and services and a common trade policy in a bloc like NAFTA, is just one ingredient in the "deep integration" mix that is being promoted by groups like the C.D. Howe Institute.
		To avoid this problem the CCCE is advocating some form of customs union or European Union (EU)-style single market that would eliminate any rules on both sides of the Canada-U.S. border that impede commercial trade and labour mobility.
		The tendency in customs unions is for the regulations of the larger country to predominate, says Marc Lee, a Vancouver-based economist with the CCPA.
	www.ipsnews.net /news.asp?idnews=22677 (1213 words)

	LIVING IN SIN: Legal Integration Under the EC-Turkey Customs Union
		Although the Decision provides access to the EC's customs union, rather than its internal market, the EC and Turkey faced the same four institutional issues that the EC and the EFTA states tried to solve in the EEA: consultation, decision-making, homogeneity, and dispute settlement.
		The customs union will be overseen by a new institution, the Customs Union Joint Committee (CUJC), identical in certain respects to the EEA Joint Committee.
		The Decision begins by listing the areas which are of 'direct relevance' to the customs union and which Turkey must therefore harmonise with: commercial policy; commercial agreements with third countries; legislation on technical barriers, intellectual property, customs and competition.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol7/No3/art3-02.html (4169 words)

	Canada: Customs Union With U.S. Proposed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The federal government is studying the feasibility of a customs union with the United States, a controversial move that could potentially hold huge economic benefits for Canadians.
		While even the idea of such a union would be controversial, the report said it's something that is at least being looked at by the federal government.
		Regardless, the C.D. Howe report argued that more analysis of the effects of a customs union, or variations of such a union such as one that was limited to specific sectors, is critical as Canada looks at ways to safeguard its access to the U.S. market.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/935290/posts (864 words)

	EUROPA - Glossary - Customs union
		The customs union is the essential element of the internal market.
		Thus, the customs services of the Member States lost their responsibility for collecting excise duties, VAT and statistical data.
		A particular focus of Customs 2007 will be helping new Member States adapt their systems to open market conditions and implement customs controls at the new external borders of the European Union.
	europa.eu /scadplus/glossary/customs_union_en.htm (291 words)

	Substitute Customs Union?
		The idea of a customs union among members of the Eurasian Economic Union is gaining ground, but experts say it will not develop into an alternative to the World Trade Organisation, nor will it significantly help these countries with their plans to join the WTO.
		Analysts maintain that the current push for a customs union within Eurasec is due to Russia’s failure to agree with the United States on WTO accession.
		Once the customs union deal was signed, participants in the Eurasec summit voiced the idea of opening negotiations on joining the WTO as a bloc.
	www.iwpr.net /?p=bca&s=b&o=323278&apc_state=hbgb (547 words)

	Datamatix organizes GCC Single Currency & Customs Union Forum \| GCC Single Currency & Customs Union Forum
		The one day session on GCC Customs Union and Single currency is held as part of the Ninth GCC e-Government, Telecom and Internet Forum and is organized under the patronage of His Highness Sheikh Maktoum Bin Mohammed Bin Rashed Al Maktoum, Chairman, Dubai Technology Electronic Commerce and Media Free Zone Authority.
		A single customs tariff of 5 percent would be applied to all taxable foreign imports, down from present individual country rates that range between 5 and 15 percent.
		Decisions like the customs union, unifying the customs tariff at five percent and approving a unified customs law will strengthen the GCC march and boost its ties with international trade blocs.
	www.ameinfo.com /20423.html (799 words)

	New Vision Online : East Africa Signs Customs Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Under the customs deal, the countries endorsed a common external tariff with bands of 25 percent on finished goods, 10 percent for semi-processed goods and zero for raw materials.
		The customs union, which contains an escape clause governments can invoke to protect industries in distress, is expected to come into force in July once it is ratified by the neighbours’ parliaments.
		Government officials said the customs union represented a victory in efforts to integrate the region’s economies, long delayed by competing commercial and political interests.
	www.newvision.co.ug /D/8/12/343854 (478 words)

	Customs Union - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Customs Union - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Benelux Economic Union, formerly Benelux Customs Union, trading agreement among Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.
		The ship follows Soviet custom: it is riddled with class distinctions so subtle, it takes a trained Marxist to appreciate them.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Customs_Union.html (139 words)

	Southern African Customs Union (SACU)
		The Southern African Customs Union came into existence on 11 December 1969 with the signature of the Customs Union Agreement between South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland.
		All customs and excise collected in the common customs area are paid into South Africa’ national Revenue Fund.
		The Ministers appointed a Customs Union Task Team (CUTT) which was mandated to make recommendations to the Ministers.
	www.dfa.gov.za /foreign/Multilateral/africa/sacu.htm (621 words)

	EUROPA - Taxation and Customs Union / Customs
		EUROPA - Taxation and Customs Union / Customs
		Customs: EU Commissioner Kovács and U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security agreed to strengthen co-operation to improve security and combat counterfeit trade
		Main purpose of visit is to reinforce customs co-operation.
	ec.europa.eu /taxation_customs/customs/index_en.htm (1025 words)

	WTO \| Trade policy review - Southern African Customs Union 2003 - Concluding Remarks by the Chairperson
		This Trade Policy Review of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) has allowed us all a far better understanding of the “new” SACU, of its trade policies, and of the policies and aspirations of its members.
		Concerns were also expressed about differences in tariff bindings among SACU countries, and about the large use of anti-dumping and other contingency trade remedies by South Africa on behalf of the customs union.
		Some Members emphasized that lack of harmonization within SACU in certain key non-tariff measures, such as quantitative restrictions, customs procedures, standards and technical regulations, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, competition policy, and internal taxes, distorts trade flows, and undermines the utility of having a common external tariff.
	www.wto.org /english/tratop%5Fe/tpr_e/tp213_crc_e.htm (616 words)

	RIA Novosti - Russia - Post-Soviet customs union will come online in 3 years - minister
		"Launching the Customs Union to the full will take at least two or three years," said Viktor Khristenko, currently in the Belarusian capital, Minsk, to finalize the first 38-agreement package laying the groundwork for the first stage of a common economic space between Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan.
		Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan, the largest nations in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), a loose union of former Soviet republics, announced an agreement in principle to create the CES on February 23, 2003.
		The customs union is expected to advance the process and ultimately abolish national tariffs, as well as introducing common customs tariffs and common non-tariff tools to regulate trade with non-member countries.
	en.rian.ru /russia/20060414/46385072.html (416 words)

	LIVING IN SIN: Legal Integration Under the EC-Turkey Customs Union
		The EC and Turkey entered into a formal customs union agreement on December 31, 1995, in the form of Decision 1/95 of the EC-Turkey Association Council.
		Finally, Turkey agreed to adopt the EC's Common Customs Tariff over the same period of twenty-two years, with no reference to the EC's preferential agreements (although these were quite limited in 1970).
		However, Greece joined the EC before establishing a customs union; Malta has deferred the customs union indefinitely (see OJ (1991) L 116); and the first phase of the Cyprus-EC union will be completed only in 1998, with a second phase to follow (see Protocol, OJ (1987) L 393/1).
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol7/No3/art3.html (1430 words)

	customs union
		Organization of autonomous countries where trade between member states is free of restrictions, but where a tariff or other restriction is placed on products entering the customs union from nonmember states.
		Examples include the European Union (EU), the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), the Central American Common Market, and the Central African Economic Community.
		In the 19th century, the establishment of the Zollverein between German states was a significant factor contributing to eventual political union in Germany.
	www.x-stream.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0043903.html (234 words)

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