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	Trenches on the Web - Bio: Czar Nicholas II of Russia
		Nicholas II was born on May 6, 1868, in Tsarskoe Selo.
		Nicholas had a nervous habit of always brushing his thick mustache with the back of his hand.
		Nicholas II took command of the army in 1915.
	www.worldwar1.com /biorczar.htm (721 words)

	Nicholas I of Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1825 Nicholas I was crowned king of Poland and began to limit the liberties of constitutional monarchy in Congress Poland.
		Nicholas crushed the rebellion, abrogated the Polish constitution, and reduced Poland to the status of a Russian province and embarked on a policy of repression towards Catholics[1].
		Nicholas I was following the traditional Russian policy of resolving the so-called Eastern Question by seeking to partition the Ottoman Empire and establish a protectorate over the Orthodox population of the Balkans, still largely under Ottoman control in the 1820s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia (1351 words)

	Nicholas II of Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nicholas was born in Saint Petersburg, the eldest son of Emperor Alexander III and Maria Fyodorovna (born Princess Dagmar of Denmark).
		Nicholas fell in love with Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, a daughter of Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, the latter a daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.
		A portrait of Nicholas II Following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Serb nationalist association known as the Black Hand, in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, Nicholas vacillated as to Russia's course.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia (3720 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Nicholas II of Russia
		Nicholas was born in Saint Petersburg, the eldest son of Emperor Alexander III and his Empress Maria Fyodorovna (born Princess Dagmar of Denmark).
		Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All Russia (6 May 1868 to 4 July 1918 in the Julian Calendar, or 18 May 1868 to 17 July 1918 in the Gregorian Calendar), was the last Emperor of Imperial Russia.
		In 1894 Nicholas married Princess Alix of Hesse-Darmstadt (henceforth Empress Alexandra Romanova), a granddaughter of Queen Victoria.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nicholas-II-of-Russia (1334 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Nicholas II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		NICHOLAS II [Nicholas II] 1868-1918, last czar of Russia (1894-1917), son of Alexander III and Maria Feodorovna.
		Nicholas was educated by private tutors and the reactionary Pobyedonostzev.
		The advance, in July, 1918, of counterrevolutionary forces caused the soviet of Yekaterinburg to fear that Nicholas might be liberated; after a secret meeting a death sentence was passed on the czar and his family, who were shot along with their remaining servants in a cellar at Yekaterinburg on the night of July 16.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/N/Nichls2-R1us.asp (730 words)

	Newsvine - Court Overturns Decision on Russian Czar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		MOSCOW — A court on Monday overturned a ruling refusing to recognize Czar Nicholas II and his family as victims of political repression, a lawyer for the royal family's descendants said.
		Nicholas II abdicated in 1917 as revolutionary fervor swept Russia, and he and his family were detained.
		But German Lukyanov, a lawyer for Nicholas II's descendants, argued that the lower court and prosecutors "ignored facts that show Nicholas II and members of the royal family were repressed" — a political term meaning they were the victims of political repression.
	www.newsvine.com /_news/2006/08/08/316551-court-overturns-decision-on-russian-czar (366 words)

	AllRefer.com - Nicholas I, czar of Russia (Russian, Soviet, And CIS History, Biography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Nicholas I 1796–1855, czar of Russia (1825–55), third son of Paul I.
		Nicholas strove to serve his country's best interests as he saw them, but his methods were dictatorial, paternalistic, and often inadequate.
		Nicholas brutally suppressed the uprising (1830–31) in Poland and abrogated the Polish constitution and Polish autonomy.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/Nichls1-Rus.html (474 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Tsar Nicholas II
		Nicholas succeeded his father's throne, Alexander III, when the later died from liver disease on 20 October 1894.
		Nicholas II was persuaded to abdicate on 15 March 1917 under the recommendation of the Russian Army High Command.
		Moved to the Siberian city of Ekaterinburg by the Bolsheviks, Nicholas and his family were executed on the night of 16/17 July 1918.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/nicholasii.htm (857 words)

	Tsar Nicholas II
		Czar Nicholas II was the last ruler of the Romanov family dynasty that had ruled the great empire of Russia for over 300 hundred years.
		Nicholas dreamed of Russia’s becoming the most powerful country in Europe, but he took very bad advice from the Emperor William II of Germany and from military generals who sought fame and glory when planning to invade Japan.
		Even though all of the decisions made by Czar Nicholas II were not great ones, he played a major role in the public life of Russians and in the personal life of his family.
	www.milford.k12.il.us /MHSsite/Students/studentproj/animal/historicalfigures/tsar.htm (904 words)

	Faberge Eggs Timeline
		Nicholas (II) is born to Alexander III and Maria Fedorovna.
		January: Nicholas dismisses a call for constitutional reform in a speech that is cited as the provocation for the founding of the Russian Social Democratic Workers party that would become the driving force behind the revolution.
		Czarevich Alexei (heir to the throne) is born to Czar Nicholas II and Alexandra.
	www.pbs.org /treasuresoftheworld/faberge/flevel_1/ftimeline.html (689 words)

	Czar Nicholas II - Uncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		One of the most popular Russian films of all time, Nicholas II stayed in the theatres for an unprecedented amount of time, dominating ticket sales over all other movies in cinemas so much that its stay in theatres was nicknamed a "rule" by critics and moviegoers.
		The rule of Nicholas II lasted from 1894 to 1917, when it was taken out of [box] office after being outshadowed by the politically-charged film Bolsheviks, also sometimes titled Soviet.
		Nicholas II tells the story of Nikolai Romanov, a simple young boy with dreams of being famous one day whose father happens to be the Unquestioned King and Emperor of Russia, Poland and Finland.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Czar_Nicholas_II (689 words)

	Nicholas II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A cultural nationalist, Nicholas was opposed to the Westernization of Russia.
		In 1902 Nicholas II appointed the reactionary Vyacheslav Plehve as his Minister of the Interior.
		Nicholas and his family were moved to the remote Siberian city of Ekaterinburg where he was held captive by a group of Bolsheviks.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWtsar.htm (3133 words)

	Purim and Czar Nicholas I
		In certain ways Czar Nicholas I resembled the evil infamous Haman of Purim, besides the fact that they both sought to eliminate with what they perceived as the, 'Jewish problem' in their midst.
		Haman and Nicholas, who was known by the Jews of his time as Haman the Second, both declared war first and foremost on the future of the Jews, the young.
		Nicholas' career as their antagonist ended on February 19, 1855, with his death, and his successor Alexander II, six months later issued the beginning of a series of laws, which incrementally abolished the terms of the Cantonist system.
	www.jewishmag.com /77mag/czarpurim/czarpurim.htm (1040 words)

	Czar Nicholas II
		Czar Nicholas II Nicholas II was the last Tsar to reign over the Russia.
		Nicholas was a deeply religious and generally solitary person, who loved the faithful companionship of his dogs to the company of state ministers.
		Nicholas was a hard worker and diligent about state business, although his accomplishments where severely limited by his tendency to focus on detail rather than the big picture.
	members.fortunecity.se /mikaelxii/ww1/Russia/czar.html (1450 words)

	Compare the 1905 & 1917 Russian Revolutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Eighteenth and nineteenth century Russia, the mystical land of the czars, sparked the imagination of visitors and story-tellers alike with its glittering courts, and fantastic palaces, chocolate, caviar, and vodka, icons, Fabergé eggs, and Russian Orthodoxy mixed with superstition.
		Czar Nicholas II's manifesto turned Russia into a constitutional monarchy, gave all Russians certain civil rights, and gave the Duma, Russia's parliment, legislative power.
		Czar Nicholas II also continued to act incompetantly, appointing unqualified men to government positions and listening to the bad advice of his wife, Alexandra, who was strongly influenced by a supposed holy man named Rasputin.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/essays/comp/cw30russia1905vs1917rev.htm (1581 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Nicholas, Saint (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Nicholas, Saint NICHOLAS, SAINT [Nicholas, Saint] patron of children and sailors, of Greece, Sicily, and Russia, and of many other places and persons.
		Nicholas I, Saint NICHOLAS I, SAINT [Nicholas I, Saint] c.825-867, pope (858-67), a Roman; successor of Benedict III.
		Celebrating the annual feast of Saint Nicholas at the town hall, on the first Sunday of December.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/09234.html (639 words)

	Czar Nicholas I
		Nicholas was not an attentive student, except on those subjects that interested him, like the recent events of the French Revolution.
		Nicholas' reign was a period of great corruption and the arbitrary use of power.
		To his credit, Nicholas knew that serfdom was the cancer at the heart of the nation, but his feeble actions to do something about the condition of the peasantry actually made their situation much worse.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/hornton/890/NicholasI.html (1280 words)

	Nicholas II To Be Canonized (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The church's council of bishops will meet in August, and it is expected to rule that Czar Nicholas Romanov and his family deserve sainthood for the humble way in which they accepted death at the hands of the communist Bolsheviks, said Father Maxim Maximov, secretary of the Holy Synod's commission on canonization.
		A weeping icon of Nicholas has been touring Orthodox churches; the myrrh that it leaks is regarded as a miracle, and evidence of the czar's sainthood.
		After Nicholas and his family were shot by the Bolsheviks, their bodies were burned and the remains dumped in a mass grave outside the Ural Mountains city of Yekaterinburg.
	www.west.net /~antipas/news/news_2000/russia_2000/romanov/nicholas_cannonized.html (619 words)

	TheCorner: Russia Essay
		When Nicholas II came to throne in 1894, Russia, internally, experienced tremedous difficulties in maintaining local order, which was the result of outmode bereaucracy and inefficeint economic system.
		However, on the contrary, his action convinced the Russians how obstinate Nicholas II was and how he igored the interest of the country, it further alienated him of the support of the middle class and the intellectuals.
		Nevertheless, some limited reforms were carried out by Nicholas II in 1906, Although the reform could really improve te situation to a small extent, it could not solve the ultimate problems faced by Nicholas II, that is the revolutionary tide and discontent towards the governement.
	www.thecorner.org /cgi-bin/forum301/show.cgi?tpc=14&post=245 (1152 words)

	czar.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Nicholas was married to the Princess Alix of Hesse Darmstadt.
		Czar Nicholas decided to take control of the army himself which caused even worse defeats.
		Fearing that Nicholas and his family would be rescued on July 16, 1918 they were taken to the basement and were executed.
	home.earthlink.net /~gqsmith/revolution/czar.htm (434 words)

	Animal Farm - Free Essays - Animal Farm
		Czar Nicholas II was a poor leader at best, irresponsible with his public duties, cruel and at one time Czar Nicholas and Mr.
		Czar Nicholas believed that certain events were bad omens, which in my opinion symbolized his poor leadership and irresponsibility towards Russia.
		The czar and czarina were upset and told their family they would go to pray at a monastery to mourn the event.
	www.123helpme.com /view.asp?id=13893 (1687 words)

	Czar nicholas ii - Nicholas II
		Nicholas II cannot be fitted into the pattern of autocratic Tsars alternating Nicholas II ascended the throne on his father's death in 1894 with the
		Nicholas was made commander in chief of the Russian armies at the outbreak of World War I. In 1915 Czar Nicholas II, influenced by the czarina and Rasputin,
		Nicholas Alexandrovich Romanov was born May 18, 1868 (NS) to Tsar Alexander III and Empress Marie Fedorovna of Russia.
	xn--8zrz88dkls.com /?q=czar-nicholas-ii (524 words)

	czar - Definition, Synonyms, and Reference from OnPedia.com
		Aleksandr Pavlovich, Alexander I, Czar Alexander I - the czar of Russia whose plans to liberalize the government of Russia were unrealized because of the wars with Napoleon (1777-1825)
		Nicholas II - the last czar of Russia who was forced to abdicate in 1917 by the Russian Revolution; he and his family were executed by the Bolsheviks (1868-1918)
		Czar Peter I, Peter I, Peter the Great - czar of Russia who introduced ideas from western Europe to reform the government; he extended his territories in the Baltic and founded St. Petersburg (1682-1725)
	www.onpedia.com /dictionary/czar (271 words)

	[No title]
		Thou didst not fear the storm of folly and abuse, O Passion bearer Nicholas, when thou didst renounce agreement with the enemies for the destruction of the fatherland; and thou didst endure censure, imprisonment, and death, crying to the Almighty: Alleluia.
		We see strange wonder in thee, O Nicholas, who many times wast saved by the right hand of the Most High and was crowned by a martyr's crown with thy children and kinsmen, that we might cry out to God the Provider of all things: Alleluia.
		Most noble and sublime was your life and death, O Sovereigns; wise Nicholas and blessed Alexandra, we praise you, acclaiming your piety, meekness, faith and humility, whereby you attained to crowns of glory in Christ our God, with your five renowned and godly children of blessed fame.
	www.angelfire.com /nv2/carthusian/Akathist/nicholas.html (2052 words)

	Tsar Nicholas
		In Russia in 1917, Nicholas II had also fallen on hard times, and his countrymen were starving in the dead of winter.
		Czar Nicholas thought that the eventual hard times would pass and everything would be all right.
		Thus, Nicholas was forced to abdicate his powers to his younger brother, who in turn also abdicated.
	www.milford.k12.il.us /MHSsite/Students/studentproj/animal/allegoricalsymbolism/nicholasjones.htm (556 words)

	Czar Nicholas II and His Family continue to be Center of Controversy
		Czar Nicholas II and His Family continue to be Center of Controversy
		On July 17, 1918, the Czar, his wife, Alexandra, their five children and four family attendants were herded into a cellar room by their Bolshevik captors and killed in fusillade of bullets and stabs of bayonets.
		According to a report by the Czar's chief executioner, two of the bodies taken from the Yekaterinburg cellar were burned, and the rest buried.
	www.ishipress.com /czar.htm (452 words)

	Nicholas I --Czar of all the Russias
		Nicholas I - Czar of all the Russias
		Nicholas was an autocrat and was of the opinion that he alone spoke for Russia.
		Nicholas also attempted to gain influence over the Porte - the administration of the Ottoman Empire and court of the Sultan in Constantinople.
	www.historyhome.co.uk /forpol/crimea/gowing/tsar.htm (284 words)

	Czar Nicholas II
		Czar Nicholas II Nicholas II was born on May, 1868, in Tsarskoe Selo.
		He was not like Romanov men; Nicholas was not a very big man. The other men were always picking on him; Nicholas however, was a medium height.
		Nicholas thought he was not good enough to rule Russia.
	www.guysboroughacademy.ednet.ns.ca /reds/czar_nicholas_ii.htm (508 words)

	CNN.com - Sainthood approved for Russia's last czar - August 14, 2000
		The vote by the Archbishops' Council to bestow sainthood on the family was unanimous with the official ceremony to be held on Sunday at Jesus The Savior Cathedral in central Moscow.
		Most Western historians see Nicholas II as an inept leader who tried to withstand modernising forces, and oversaw the 1905 "Bloody Sunday" massacre of several thousand peaceful strikers who were carrying his portrait.
		Nicholas, his wife Alexandra and their five children were shot along with four servants by a Bolshevik firing squad on July 17, 1918, in Yekaterinaburg.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/WORLD/europe/08/14/russia.czar2/index.html (522 words)

	Czar Nicholas II - Johnson's Russia List 5-18-03
		Eighteen percent of those surveyed blamed Nicholas II for abdicating and abandoning the nation in a difficult time and said he bears the responsibility for what happened to Russia after 1917.
		Seventeen percent of those polled believe that Nicholas II brought the nation to poverty and catastrophe and was overthrown by the insurgent people, and 23% were undecided about the tsar's role.
		Most of those who think that Nicholas II made many mistakes but redeemed his errors as a martyr were women, people under 25 and with a level of education higher than general education.
	www.cdi.org /russia/Johnson/7185-1.cfm (292 words)

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