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Topic: Economy of China

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	China Economy, Chinese Economy, Economy of China
		China is the most populous country in the world with number of people crossing 1.298 billion in 2004.
		China has adopted measures to curb its mounting population from exceeding at an alarming rate, as its growth rate is less than that of the world's as a whole.
		China's Gross National income according to World bank sources, was 1411.6 US $ billion in 2003 and the per capita income was US $ 1110 in the same year.
	www.economywatch.com /world_economy/china (287 words)

	China - MSN Encarta
		Although China’s economy has grown rapidly, especially since the early 1990s, it has not been able to provide enough good opportunities for all new workers, many of whom have only minimal education and skills.
		In China in 2007, the sex ratio was 1.11 males born for each female.
		During the political upheavals of China’s Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), the government sent urban youth to rural areas to live and work among the peasants.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761573055_5/China.html (1367 words)

	Economy - China - Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The reforms have gradually lessened the government’s control of the economy, allowing some aspects of a market economy and encouraging foreign investment; however, the state-owned sector remains the backbone of China’s economy.
		As a result of the reforms, China’s economy grew at an average annual rate of 10.2 percent in the 1980s and by 10.3 percent annually in the period of 1990-2000.
		The size of the country’s economy, which is comparable to that of Canada($688 billion), makes China a significant economic power; despite this, it remains a low-income, developing country because it must support a huge population of more than 1.2 billion.
	www.countriesquest.com /asia/china/economy.htm (267 words)

	China Economy
		China’s economy grew at an average rate of 10% per year during the period 1990-2004, the highest growth rate in the world.
		China is an active participant in climate change talks and other multilateral environmental negotiations, taking environmental challenges seriously but pushing for the developed world to help developing countries to a greater extent.
		China is now one of the leading recipients of FDI in the world, receiving $64 billion in 2004, for a cumulative total of $563.8 billion.
	www.traveldocs.com /cn/economy.htm (2830 words)

	BBC News \| THE ECONOMY \| China deal to boost economy
		China is now one of the world's leading exporters, and also the biggest single destination for foreign investment of any developing country.
		Although China's per capita income is only a fraction of that in many industrial countries, it has grown by an average of 10% a year for the last two decades, and will overcome France and the UK in the next few years in absolute terms.
		China is also likely support other developing countries in pushing for more access for manufactured goods, and resisting demands for labour and environmental standards to be included in the new round of trade talks.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/business/the_economy/520874.stm (815 words)

	NationMaster - Chinese Economy statistics
		China is expected to surpass Japan as the second largest world oil consumer within the next decade and reach a consumption level of 10.5 million bbl/d by 2020, growing by 4.3% annually (iea.doe.gov).
		China’s de facto administration of the Aksai Chin section of Kashmir (which is disputed by India and Pakistan) is the subject of a dispute between China and India.
		China’s fast-growing population was a major policy matter for its leaders in the mid-twentieth century, and, in the early 1970s they implemented a stringent one-child birth-control policy.
	www.nationmaster.com /country/ch-china/eco-economy (709 words)

	Economy Of China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		China thus has periodically backtracked, retightening central controls at intervals.
		Another long-term threat to growth is the deterioration in the environment, notably air pollution, soil erosion, and the steady fall of the water table especially in the north.
		China continues to lose arable land because of erosion and economic development.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /country_guides/china_country_economy.shtml (752 words)

	China's economy grows 9.5% in 2004
		China's booming economy grew even faster in 2004, expanding at a blistering pace of 9.5 percent after 9.3 percent the previous year, official statistics showed.
		China has made clear that ensuring the economy remains on a more even keel this year is crucial.
		China's dizzying fixed-asset investment slowed slightly last year to 25.8 percent compared with 26.7 percent in 2003 and analysts said the amount of money the government was spending on large infrastructure projects should continue to fall.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /english/doc/2005-01/25/content_412097.htm (628 words)

	China's Economy - April 2006
		China's economy grew 10.2 percent in the first quarter of 2006, beating expectations and raising worries of overheating.
		China's global trade surplus was still high in the first quarter of 2006 after ballooning in 2005.
		China's first-ever National Economic Census, released this past December, shows that the private and service sectors are leading sources of employment--by some estimates services account for 30 percent of new jobs created.
	www.uschina.org /info/chops/2006/economy.html (3632 words)

	Agriculture - Economy - China - Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		China has 7 percent of the world’s arable land with which to support more than 20 percent of the world’s population.
		China long had a food deficit, but as a result of new irrigation projects, improved farming techniques since 1949, and agricultural reforms since the late 1970s, China now produces enough grain to provide a basic diet for its large population.
		China's agriculture is also a major source of raw materials for the country’s industries.
	www.countriesquest.com /asia/china/economy/agriculture.htm (178 words)

	Is China a "Closed" Economy?
		China's share of world trade quintupled from 0.6 percent on the eve of reform in 1977 to 3.0 percent in 1998.
		China may be the best example ever of the linkage between expanding trade, accelerating growth, rising living standards, and poverty alleviation.
		China's bilateral agreement with the United States, which is extraordinarily far reaching, reflects the belief of China's leadership that over time the benefits of increased participation in the international economy will far outweigh the short-term adjustment costs deeper integration will inevitably entail.
	www.brook.edu /views/testimony/lardy/20000224.htm (1959 words)

	Economy :: China Digital Times (CDT) 中国数字时代
		China’s rise, fueled heavily by coal, is particularly troubling to climate scientists because as a developing country, China is exempt from the Kyoto Protocol’s requirements for reductions in emissions of global warming gases.
		China’s enthusiasm for Africa has raised concerns among many in the West while the United States is distracted by its efforts to curb terrorism, and France, Britain and other former colonial powers exert less influence in Africa than they once did.
		China has taken a turn to the left just as foreign investors are lining up to place their bets on a capitalist future by buying shares in its biggest bank.
	chinadigitaltimes.net /economy (9107 words)

	China: Economy
		China is the world's largest producer of rice and wheat and a major producer of sweet potatoes, sorghum, millet, barley, peanuts, corn, soybeans, and potatoes.
		Livestock raising on a large scale is confined to the border regions and provinces in the north and west; it is mainly of the nomadic pastoral type.
		China's economy, though strengthened by the more liberal economic policies of the 1980s and 90s, continues to suffer from inadequate transportation, communication, and energy resources.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0857293.html (1041 words)

	Economy of China
		Another long-term threat to continued rapid economic growth is the deterioration in the environment, notably air pollution, soil erosion, and the steady fall of the water table especially in the north.
		China is interested in developing oil imports from Central Asia and has invested in Kazhakstan[?] oil fields.
		Mainland China's energy section continues to be hampered by difficulties in obtaining funding, including long-term financing, and by market balkanization due to local protectionism that prevents more efficient large plants from achieving economies of scale.
	www.fastload.org /ec/Economy_of_China.html (2971 words)

	China - Economy
		China's economy during the last quarter century has changed from a centrally planned system that was largely closed to international trade to a more market-oriented economy that has a rapidly growing private sector and is a major player in the global economy.
		China has generally implemented reforms in a gradualist or piecemeal fashion.
		One demographic consequence of the "one child" policy is that China is now one of the most rapidly aging countries in the world.
	www.exxun.com /China/e_ec.html (988 words)

	The Economy of China -> Fall, 2006 -> Courses -> Current Students -> IBS -> Brandeis University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Economy of China -> Fall, 2006 -> Courses -> Current Students -> IBS -> Brandeis University
		Provides an analytical overview of China's economic transformation emphasizing the period since 1980.
		Topics covered include the reform process, the role of institutions, including the financial and fiscal sectors, corporate governance reform, trade and foreign direct investment, science and technology, regional and income disparities, and the changing laws, practice, and culture that define the role of business within China.
	www.brandeis.edu /ibs/one-course.php?id=601 (93 words)

	China's Economy
		China's economy held the line on growth in 1999, mainly with government assistance, as the economy continues to suffer from the effects of massive, and accelerating, restructuring.
		China's preparations to enter the World Trade Organization (WTO) will accelerate the pace of the toughest reforms yet in agriculture, the state-owned sector, and banking, among others.
		WTO preparations aside, the PRC economy is facing several years of high unemployment, stubborn overcapacity, industrial and agricultural restructuring, and slower growth than that of the early 1990s.
	www.uschina.org /public/econ200.html (895 words)

	China Economy
		As China’s companies are always on the lookout for boosting their yearly turnover, the Chinese also got in on the new business of the various so-called free million page pixel websites.
		China’s economy has changed from a centrally planned economy (CPE), which was introduced in 1949, to a more market orientated economy in 1978 and is currently a significant participant in the global economy.
		China was one of the 23 original signatories of the GATT but after the Chinese revolution in 1949 the government in Taiwan announced that China would withdraw from it.
	www.chinaorbit.com /china-economy.html (751 words)

	China Circular Economy
		The rapid growth of China's material consumption poses profound challenges to sustainable development in the country and the rest of the world.
		China is now consuming about half of the world's cement, over 30 per cent of its steel and more than 20 per cent of its aluminum.
		Transforming production and consumption according to the principles of the circular economy would imply major increases in material use efficiency that should also lead to the reduction of material use and pollution in absolute terms.
	www.iisd.org /measure/knowledge/national/china.asp (484 words)

	Economy of China - Definition, explanation
		The economy of China may include or exclude, depending on context or point of view:
		Devoted to the knowledge of the economy of China and to economics as a discipline.
		CABO is focused on the dynamic development of the economy of China, in association with the University of California.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/e/ec/economy_of_china.php (428 words)

	Economy Home Page
		The scant attention to the global economy, let alone any discussion of co-ordinated economic policies, is remarkable given the fact that, despite continued economic growth, the world economy is facing a series of problems as serious as any since the so-called Asian economic crisis of 1997-98
		While the official forecasts are still for strong economic growth, a number of storm clouds are gathering over the world economy.
		The longer the world economy continues on the present path, the greater will be the underlying disequilibrium and the possibility of a major financial crisis
	www.countercurrents.org /economy.htm (2292 words)

	CHINA'S SPATIAL ECONOMY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The major regional characteristic of the Chinese economy is the relative dominance of the coastal provinces compared to the inland provinces.
		The eastern coastal zone includes all of the provinces along China's 18,000 km (11,000 mile) coast from the border with Korea to Hainan Island in the south.
		It is in the west but it has a robust economy with a population of over 100 million people and has little in common with the other areas of the west zone.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/chinareg.htm (456 words)

	Economy of the People's Republic of China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is the world's fastest growing major economy, and its continued growth is critical to the overall health of the world economy and to the welfare of its population of 1.3 billion (most of whom have yet to enjoy western style affluence).
		As of 2005, 70% of China's GDP is in the private sector.
		China's energy section continues to be hampered by difficulties in obtaining funding, including long-term financing, and by market balkanization due to local protectionism that prevents more efficient large plants from achieving economies of scale.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Economy_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China (5418 words)

	Asia Times Online - News from greater China; Hong Kong and Taiwan
		Being a real market economy means, among other things, that the production costs of all goods and services are subject to the demands of market forces, without state interventions such as subsidies or price controls.
		During a visit to China in April, the EU commissioner for external trade, Pascal Lamy, promised a preliminary verdict on China's MES by the end of June.
		With Malaysia now on board, China is beginning to see the fruits of extensive efforts over the past couple of years to achieve recognition as a full market economy.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/China/FF05Ad01.html (2186 words)

	Amazon.com: China's Political Economy: Books: Gungwu Wang,John Wong,Wang Gungwu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This was then followed by intensive preparation for the holding of the 15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in September, which set national priorities for China's medium- and long-term development as well as decided on the core team of younger leaders responsible for leading China into the 21st century.
		China is in the midst of great political, economic and social changes, which will intensify each other on account of their speed and scale.
		But what is happening in China today has already impinged on many aspects of life for people in the Asia-Pacific region, either in terms of growing trade and investment opportunities from China or in terms of regional security.
	www.amazon.com /Chinas-Political-Economy-Gungwu-Wang/dp/9810234287 (892 words)

	China's Circular Economy Initiative
		China’s rapid industrialization in the last decades has engendered serious problems of depletion of natural resources, degradation of major ecosystems, and pollution extending far beyond its borders.
		With China’s opening up to foreign investment and increasing inequity in distribution of wealth and income, over a billion poor Chinese are demanding a better life: jobs and higher income as well as a better environment to live in.
		The most profound socio-economic challenge to achieving a circular economy is creation of a strategy for meeting basic needs of the Chinese people, improving quality of life, and moving beyond ever growing material consumption as the measure of quality of life.
	www.indigodev.com /Circular1.html (4140 words)

	Chinese Economy (China)
		Before the founding of New China in 1949, China's highest yearly outputs of major industrial and agricultural products were 445,000 tons of yarn, 22.79 billion meters of cloth, 61,880,000 tons of coal, 320,000 tons of crude oil, 6 billion kwh of electric energy production, 150 million tons of grain, and 849,000 tons of cotton.
		Since the founding of New China, especially in the 20 years after the start of reform and opening to the outside world in 1978 China has made great achievements in economic construction and social development.
		First, doubling the GNP of 1980 to end shortages of food and clothing, which was basically completed at the end of the 1980s; second, quadrupling the GNP of 1980 by the end of the century, which was achieved in 1995, ahead of schedule.
	www.asianinfo.org /asianinfo/china/pro-economy.htm (532 words)

	Economy Of China
		China's Third Economic Transformation: The Rise of the Private Economy
		The Political Economy of China's Provinces is the first book to introduce the concept of competitive advantage in the context of Chinese provincial studies.
		The Political Economy of China's Provinces is the first book to introduce the concept of competitive advantage in the context of Chinese provincial
	www.shantouhotels.net /economy-of-china.htm (202 words)

	Survey of the Chinese Economy - Professor Satya Gabriel
		This course provides East Asian Studies and Economics students with a survey of the economic institutions and processes shaping the Chinese economy, including fiscal and monetary policy, financial institutions and financial sector reforms, the restructuring of state-owned enterprises, and the provision of social welfare.
		The course begins with an overview of China's post-revolutionary economic history and then procedes with an analysis of contemporary economic institutions and the post-Maoist-era economic reforms.
		Gabriel and Martin, " China: The Ancient Road to Communism".
	www.mtholyoke.edu /courses/sgabriel/chinasmith.html (689 words)

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