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Topic: Economy of Colombia

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	Colombia ECONOMY
		Colombia's policy has been to reduce its dependence on coffee exports because of widely fluctuating world market conditions, and to encourage other agricultural exports, especially sugar, bananas, rice, potatoes, and cotton.
		During the 1970s, Colombia's economy struggled with an inflationary spiral that rose from a rate of 15.4% in 1972 to 25% during the following decade.
		The "decertification" was lifted in 1998, but by then the economy was being impacted by intensified guerrilla activity, fiscal shortfalls, and external shocks—the Asian financial crisis in 1997, the Russian financial crisis in 1998, and the Brazilian financial crisis in 1999.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Americas/Colombia-ECONOMY.html (774 words)

	Economy of Colombia
		Colombia's total foreign debt at the end of 2001 was $38.7 billion with $16.1 billion in private sector and $22.6 billion in public sector debt.
		Colombia's major exports continue to be petroleum, coffee, coal, nickel, gold, and nontraditional exports (e.g., cut flowers, semiprecious stones, sugar, and tropical fruits).
		Colombia passed revised criminal procedures code in 1993 that permits traffickers to surrender and negotiate lenient sentences in return for cooperating with prosecutors.
	www.motherearthtravel.com /colombia/economy.htm (1886 words)

	Colombia Economy
		Colombia, with its Andean neighbors Peru and Ecuador, is currently negotiating a free trade agreement with the United States.
		Colombia is in the process of renovating and expanding their Cartagena refinery in order to meet its domestic demands and eventually export more refined products.
		Colombia's diverse climate and topography permit the cultivation of a wide variety of crops.
	www.traveldocs.com /co/economy.htm (1335 words)

	Colombia Economy, Colombia People, Culture, Flag
		The art and culture of Colombia touched the peak around the 16th century, which is even before the Spanish settlers came in.
		The flag of Colombia has three horizontal bands - yellow on the top, which is double-width, blue in the middle and red at the bottom.
		The economy of Colombia is mainly dependent on agriculture and coffee used to be a principal cash crop in the past.
	www.mapsofworld.com /country-profile/colombia1.html (517 words)

	Colombia Trade News (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Colombia is a free market economy with a GDP of $101 billion in 2005 - the fifth largest in Latin America- and major commercial and investment ties to the United States.
		Colombia's international debt rating outlook was elevated during 2003 from negative to stable by Standard and Poor's and continued stable throughout 2005.
		Colombia is a net importer of services from the world, with over $3 billion in total imports in 2004.
	www.coltrade.org.cob-web.org:8888 /tradedata (1036 words)

	Colombia - The Economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Colombia's economic growth in the late 1980s resulted from the prudent development and use of the nation's economic endowments, as well as the existence of highly favorable external circumstances.
		Colombia's collective economic attributes defined a middleincome developing country that had a strong and diverse resource base, as well as assorted production capabilities grounded in industry, manufacturing, agriculture, and various services.
		Finally, the infamous drug trade, which was partially responsible for Colombia's economic growth during the 1970s and 1980s, caused numerous socioeconomic problems, not the least of which was that the political and economic power of narcotics traffickers rivaled that of the national government.
	countrystudies.us /colombia/60.htm (566 words)

	Colombia (10/06)
		Colombia's Ministry of Defense, charged with the country's internal and external defense and security, exercises jurisdiction over an army, navy--including marines and coast guard--air force and national police under the leadership of a civilian Minister of Defense.
		Colombia has improved protection of intellectual property rights through the adoption of three Andean Pact decisions in 1993 and 1994 as well as an internal decree on data protection, but the United States remains concerned over deficiencies in licensing and copyright protection.
		Colombia has participated in all five Summits of the Americas, most recently in November 2005, and followed up on initiatives developed at the first two summits by hosting two post-summit, ministerial-level meetings on trade and science and technology.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/35754.htm (4777 words)

	Colombia: History
		Colombia settled (1917) its boundary disputes with Ecuador, and in 1934 a border clash with Peru over the town of Leticia was settled by the League of Nations in Colombia's favor.
		Colombia's economy began to recover from the setbacks of the early 1970s as economic diversification and incentives to lure foreign capital into the country were initiated.
		Colombia first denied any involvement in the incident, claiming the rebel was captured in a Colombian border town, but subsequently admitted a bounty had been paid.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0857443.html (1837 words)

	Global Trade Negotiations Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The strong, popular but not populist government, successful devaluation, which has made Colombia competitive without causing inflation, and other indications, such as the recovery in the construction sector, are all good signs for Colombia’s economy in 2003.
		Colombia, and its agricultural exporting partners in the 17-member Cairns Group, a group of agricultural exporting countries, has called for an end to trade - distorting export subsidies, in a proposal submitted in November 2002 to the WTO.
		Colombia is looking for continued support from the international community to boost economic and peace prospects, especially from their largest trading partner, the US.
	www.cid.harvard.edu /cidtrade/gov/colombiagov.html (1183 words)

	[No title]
		According to Thoumi Colombia’s economy is growing due to the Illegal drug industry and if the illegal drug industry was taken away Colombia would “no doubt” be in recession.
		Thoumi believes that Colombia is so reliant on the illegal drug industry that many of the political and economic institutions have helped the illegal drug industry by avoiding changes in drug control policies.
		With Colombia’s government being illegitimate, many of the illegal drug producers are protected by the government which makes it challenging for the drug control agencies to topple the problematic underground economy according to Kleiman, Mark A.R. Neither Prohibition nor Legalization: Grudging Toleration in Drug Control Policy.
	department.monm.edu /portfolio/cata2005/mfloming/Colombia.doc (1187 words)

	Mining - Economy - Colombia - South America: mine world, atrato river, colombia economy, colombia oil, emerald mining
		Colombia is one of the world’s leading exporters of coal.
		Gold, mined in Colombia since pre-Columbian times, is found principally in the department of Antioquia and to a lesser extent in the departments of Cauca, Caldas, Narino, Tolima, and Choco.
		Platinum, discovered in Colombia in 1735, is found in the gold-bearing sands of the San Juan and Atrato river basins.
	www.countriesquest.com /south_america/colombia/economy/mining.htm (291 words)

	NOW with David Brancaccio. Politics & Economy. Colombia/United States Timeline \| PBS
		Colombia has been embroiled in civil war for the past 38 years, involving the government, the military, right-wing paramilitaries, left-wing revolutionary guerillas, coca growers, drug traffickers, and the United States.
		The United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) is the umbrella organization for right-wing paramilitaries operating in the northern parts of the the nation.
		Its principal mission is to rid Colombia of leftist guerillas, which the AUC terms "subversives" who abandoned their Marxist-communist foundation to profit from the narcotics industry.
	www.pbs.org /now/politics/colombia.html (701 words)

	Colombia: Economy
		Colombia is rich in minerals, including petroleum, natural gas, iron, nickel, coal, copper, gold, silver, platinum, and emeralds.
		The manufacturing sector of the economy has expanded greatly in recent decades, although it is heavily dependent on imported materials.
		During the early 1990s the economy was growing quickly in comparison with that of other Latin American countries, and inflation and unemployment were under control.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0857441.html (390 words)

	News: Colombia, Security, economy grab votes for Colombia's Uribe
		But violence still ravages Colombia's rural countryside, where huge swathes of land are under the control of the FARC, the smaller National Liberation Army or ELN, and paramilitary militias who oppose them.
		Uribe has managed to reach across the social classes with a populist message that his government is steering the country to growth, working hard and is responsible for their safety.
		Colombia's economy has grown rapidly under Uribe's guidance, with the gross domestic product expanding 5.37 percent in the first quarter of the year driven by recovering consumer demand and investment encouraged by better security.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/HMYT-6PXQG3?OpenDocument (668 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Economy of Colombia
		Colombia COLOMBIA [Colombia], officially Republic of Colombia, republic (2005 est.
		It borders on the Pacific Ocean in the west, on Ecuador and Colombia in the north, on Brazil and Bolivia in the east, and on Chile in the south.
		Ecuador is bounded on the north by Colombia, on the south and east by Peru, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.
	encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Economy+of+Colombia&StartAt=11 (693 words)

	Colombia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil, to the south by Ecuador and Peru, to the North by the Atlantic Ocean, through the Caribbean Sea, and to the west by Panama and the Pacific Ocean.
		Colombia currently suffers from a low intensity armed conflict involving rebel guerrilla groups, paramilitary militias, and drug trafficking, that started to develop since approximately 1964 or 1966, which was when the FARC and later the ELN were founded and subsequently started their guerrilla insurgency campaigns against successive Colombian government administrations.
		Colombia is also the first nation in the Americas and the second in the world to develop its own airline.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Colombia (4265 words)

	Colombia - The Colonial Economy
		Agriculture, which was limited in the 1500s to providing subsistence for colonial settlements and immediate consumption for workers in the mines, became a dynamic enterprise in the 1600s and replaced mining as the core of the Colombian economy by the 1700s.
		The growth in agriculture resulted in part from the increasing exhaustion of mineral and metal resources in the seventeenth century, which caused the crown to reorient its economic policy to stimulate the agricultural sector.
		Despite the decline of the mining industry, slavery remained the key form of labor; from the second half of the seventeenth century through the eighteenth century, plantation-style agriculture rose in prominence and raised the demand for slave labor on sugar plantations and ranches.
	countrystudies.us /colombia/8.htm (1339 words)

	Colombia
		Tourists entering Colombia may be asked for evidence of return or onward travel, usually in the form of a round-trip ticket.
		Before electing to undergo such procedures in Colombia, the Department of State recommends that you consult with your physician in the United States, research the credentials of the provider in Colombia, and carefully consider the availability of emergency medical facilities in the event that complications should arise.
		Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs in Colombia are severe, and convicted offenders can expect long prison sentences in harsh conditions, heavy fines, and great hardship for themselves and their families.
	travel.state.gov /travel/colombia.html (3556 words)

	IMF Reports Colombia's Economy on Upswing
		The growing economy in Colombia, said the organization, is helping the country to reduce unemployment further, and inflation in 2005 is expected to remain at the nation's lowest level in decades.
		Colombia's improved fiscal position results from gains in tax administration, and from continued control over spending and the effects of higher oil prices, according to the organization.
		Colombia's economic outlook for 2006 is favorable, the IMF said, with "good prospects for sustained growth and declining inflation." Fiscal policy is set to remain "prudent," said the IMF, with a combined public-sector deficit of no more than 2 percent of gross domestic product.
	newsblaze.com /story/20051026224727nnnn.nb/topstory.html (483 words)

	Colombia Economy 2004 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Colombia's economy suffers from weak domestic and foreign demand, austere government budgets, and serious internal armed conflict, but seems poised for recovery.
		Two of Colombia's leading exports, oil and coffee, face an uncertain future; new exploration is needed to offset declining oil production, while coffee harvests and prices are depressed.
		The government's economic policy and democratic security strategy have engendered a growing sense of confidence in the economy, particularly within the business sector, and GDP growth in 2003 was among the highest in Latin America.
	www.immigration-usa.com /wfb2004/colombia/colombia_economy.html (258 words)

	Economy of Colombia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Colombia's total foreign debt at the end of 1999 was $34.5 billion with $14.7 billion in private sector and $19.8 billion in public sector debt.
		The government's economic policy and democratic security strategy have engendered a growing sense of confidence in the economy, particularly within the business sector, and GDP growth in 2003 was among the highest in Latin America, at over 4%.
		Colombia will lose another $800 million over the next ninety years that Glencore International operates in El Cerrejon Zona Media, if the company continues to produce coal at a rate of 5 million tons/year, because of the reduction of the royalty tax from 10-15% to.04%.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Economy_of_Colombia (3188 words)

	Information About Colombia; Colombian Economy
		Colombia was Latin America’s strongest and most stable economy during the 20th century.
		Colombia is the fifth largest economy in Latin America, following Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and Venezuela, with a Gross Domestic Product of $81.2 billion (2001) and a per capita income of $1,917 (2001).
		Colombia’s economy has proven to be highly resilient.
	www.colombian-services.com /colombia-information-2.htm (1240 words)

	The Economics and Politics of Transition to an Open Market Economy: Colombia - Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Colombia is somewhat unique in this series, in that it was never a centralised, communist state.
		Nonetheless, it does share some of the characteristics of the centralised socialist economies since the reins of power remained in a small clique which denied access to other parts of the society.
		The lessons for other countries in the region and for emerging economies in general are far-reaching.
	www.oecd.org /document/22/0,2340,en_2649_33943_2430550_1_1_1_1,00.html (303 words)

	SICE - ECLAC - Economy of Colombia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 1997 the Colombian economy rebounded from the slump of the year before, while inflation subsided to 18%, thereby meeting the target set by the Banco de la República for the first time since that institution was granted autonomy in 1991.
		The Colombian economy had lapsed into a recession during the final quarter of 1996, when it shrank by 0.4%, and then bottomed out in the first quarter of 1997 with a contraction of 1.3%.
		Plans to increase petroleum production in the second half of the year were thwarted, however, by delays in the development of the Cusiana oilfields and numerous acts of sabotage by guerrilla forces.
	www.sice.oas.org /geograph/westernh/97/ovcol_e.asp (1271 words)

	Colombia Economy - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Economy—overview: Colombia ended 1998 in recession with 0.2% GDP growth due to a combination of low world oil prices, reduced export demand, guerrilla violence, and diminished investment flows.
		President PASTRANA'S well-respected financial team is working to deal with the myriad economic problems the country faces, including the highest unemployment level in decades and a fiscal deficit of close to 5% of GDP in 1998.
		The government implemented austerity measures, declared emergency measures to guard against a potential banking crisis resulting from the country's economic slowdown, and is seeking international assistance to fund a peace plan with the guerrillas.
	www.photius.com /wfb1999/colombia/colombia_economy.html (296 words)

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