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Topic: EDVAC

	EDVAC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		EDVAC was delivered to the Ballistics Research Laboratory in August 1949 and after a number of problems had been discovered and solved the computer began operation in 1951 although only on a limited basis.
		EDVAC received a number of upgrades including punch card I/O in 1953, extra memory in slower magnetic drum form in 1954, and a floating point arithmetic unit in 1958.
		EDVAC ran until 1961 when it was replaced by BRLESC; over its lifetime it had proved to be highly reliable and productive.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/EDVAC (448 words)

	[No title]
		In the case of EDVAC a delay of about one year occurred, but the machine possessed a capability far beyond that envisioned in the preliminary report or in the contract and its supplements.
		The EDVAC was constructed at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering and delivered to the BRL Computing Laboratory at Aberdeen Proving Ground in August 1949 for installation.
		The EDVAC is a 4-address machine and the four addresses are used to specify the locations of the numbers to be operated upon, where to store the results of the operation, and where to find the next instruction in the sequence of operations.
	alas.matf.bg.ac.yu /~mr02022/EDVAC.html (4917 words)

	Central processing unit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		EDVAC was designed to perform a certain number of instructions (or operations) of various types.
		Significantly, the programs written for EDVAC were stored in high speed computer memory, rather than being specified by the physical wiring of the computer.
		Tube computers like EDVAC tended to average eight hours between failures, whereas relay computers like the (slower, but earlier) Harvard Mark I failed very rarely.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Processor (3431 words)

	EDVAC -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) was one of the earliest electronic (A machine for performing calculations automatically) computers.
		The design for the EDVAC was developed before the (Click link for more info and facts about ENIAC) ENIAC was even operational, it was intended to resolve many of the problems created by the ENIAC's design.
		The computer that was built was to be binary with automatic addition, subtraction, multiplication, programmed division and automatic checking with a memory capacity of 1,000 (A unit of language that native speakers can identify) words (later set to 1,024 words).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/E/ED/EDVAC4.htm (367 words)

	The First Stored Program Computer -- EDVAC
		Unfortunately, although the conceptual design for EDVAC was completed by 1946, several key members left the project to pursue their own careers, and the machine did not become fully operational until 1952.
		When it was finally completed, EDVAC contained approximately 4,000 vacuum tubes and 10,000 crystal diodes.
		experimental machine (which was based on the EDVAC concept) consisting of 32 words of memory and a 5-instruction instruction set was operating at Manchester University, England, by June 1948.
	www.maxmon.com /1946ad.htm (369 words)

	EDVAC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		EDVAC was also built for the U.S. Army's Ballistics Research Laboratory by the University of Pennsylvania.
		The ENIAC designers Eckert and Mauchly were joined by John von Neumann and some others and the new design was based on von Neumann's 1945 report on ENIAC.
		EDVAC ran until 1961 when it was replaced by BRLESC, it had proved to be highly reliable and productive.
	www.theezine.net /e/edvac.html (335 words)

	The History of Computers
		Initially there were very few logical errors, which were solved in eighteen months and the machine started to operate on a limited basis late in 1951.
		EDVAC was the first internally stored program computer to be built.
		After ten years of operation the EDVAC was still in use because of its great reliability and productivity, its low operating cost, its high operating efficiency and its speed and flexibility in solving certain types of problems.
	www.cyberiapc.com /cmphistory/neumann.htm (425 words)

	HISTORICAL MONOGRAPH
		The EDVAC was constructed at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering and delivered to the BRL Computing Laboratory at Aberdeen Proving Ground in August 194y for installation.
		By the end of 1961 EDVAC was still in operation and was expected to continue operating for at least one year after the BRLESC [the first electronic computer fully designed and developed by the BRL, was expected to be operational by late 1961.] would begin full operation.
		After ten years of operation EDVAC was still in use because of its great reliability and productivity, its low operating cost, its high operating efficiency, and its speed and flexibility in solving certain types of problems required by the Ballistic Research Laboratories.
	ed-thelen.org /comp-hist/U-S-Ord-61-ch03.html (5076 words)

	CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Before ENIAC was even completed, on 1945-06-30 mathematician John_Von_Neumann published the paper entitled ''First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC,'' which outlined the design of a stored program computer that would eventually be completed in August 1949.
		Additionally, the so-called Harvard_architecture of the Harvard_Mark_I, which was completed before EDVAC, also utilized a stored-program design using punched paper tape rather than electronic memory.
		Tube computers like EDVAC tended to average eight hours between failures, whereas relay computers like the (slower, but earlier) Harvard_Mark_I failed very rarely.
	www.witwik.com /central_processing_unit (3243 words)

	A Brief History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Binary storage was used, and the EDVAC could store 1024 44-bit words of data.
		EDVAC was the first stored-program computer, an essential feature of what has come to be considered (a bit unfairly) the "Von Neumann" architecture.
		By the time EDVAC was completed, Eckert and Mauchly had left the project to found the first commercial computer company.
	www.csee.wvu.edu /~jdm/classes/cs455/notes/tech/history.html (1677 words)

	EDVAC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) was to be a vast improvement upon ENIAC.
		This would be possible because EDVAC was going to have more internal memory than any other computing device to date.
		This on/off switchability for the memory was required because EDVAC was to use binary rather than decimal numbers, thus simplifying the construction of the arithmetic units.
	www2.drury.edu /dswadley/history/edvac1.htm (132 words)

	Encyclopedia: EDVAC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		ENIAC ENIAC, short for Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer, was the first all-electronic computer designed to be Turing-complete, capable of being reprogrammed by rewiring to solve a full range of computing problems.
		A microsecond is an SI unit of time equal to one millionth (10-6) of a second.
		A floating-point number is a digital representation for a number in a certain subset of the rational numbers, and is often used to approximate an arbitrary real number on a computer.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/EDVAC (956 words)

	Von Neumann Didn't Invent the "Von Neumann Architecture"
		The ENIAC was the first calculating machine to incorporate the high speed of electronics into a design with a scale large enough to solve important real-world problems.
		Moreover, their experience with the ENIAC led Eckert and Mauchly to work on a second machine, the EDVAC, with the capability to store and modify its own instruction -- a machine that could be "programmed" in the modern sense.
		The EDVAC was not completed until 1952, long after Eckert and Mauchly had left the Moore School to form their own computer company.
	www.geocities.com /jim_bowery/vonthiefman.html (554 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Essentially, a delay line is a thin tube, filled with mercury, that stores electronic pulses, or bits, in much the same fashion as a canyon holds an echo; generated by crystals in the tub e, the pulses bounce back and forth, periodically re\_ energized by electronic components attached to the tube.
		The EDVAC project,\par }\pard\plain \ri5040\tqr\tx5960 \f0\fs0 {\f16\fs22 \par }\pard\plain \s102\ri5040\tx108\tx5140\tqr\tx5620 \f20\fs22 {\f16 \page The Stored\_Program Computer\tab }{\i\f16 153\par }\pard\plain \ri5040\tx108\tx5140\tqr\tx5620 \f0\fs0 {\f16\fs22 \par }\pard\plain \s103\ri5040\tqr\tx6060 \f20\fs22 {\f16 which had begun officially the previous October, slowed to a halt, and the machine wasn't finished until 1952.
		In April 1946, von Neumann submitted an official patent claim on EDVAC to the Ordnance Department, including, as evidence, a copy of his "Report on the EDVAC." Eckert and Mauchly, who had not yet filed an EDVAC patent, were incensed, and the Ordnance Department reg arded von Neumann's claims as unjustified and unethical.
	www.stanford.edu /group/mmdd/SiliconValley/Augarten/Chapter.5.rtf (6878 words)

	On Software Design and the Missing Revolution - Aaron's Notebook - XulPlanet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The biggest problem with the ENIAC was all that switch switching: calculations could be performed incredibly fast, but since the programs needed to be defined by hand one at a time, the system was still limited by the speed of its human operators.
		The EDVAC changed all that by becoming the world's first Stored Program Computer, meaning that instead of having instructions defined by switch positions, EDVAC's instructions were represented numerically and stored in the computer's memory.
		The EDVAC was finally operational in August of 1949, and brought with it the first major revolution in computer programming, essentially inventing the concept of software design, creating the paradigms in which every subsequent computer system would be built.
	www.xulplanet.com /aaron/notebook/cs/revolutions.html (1924 words)

	Two Unknows and Their Ambitious New Computing Maching: The Tale of ENIAC
		Moreover, their experience with the ENIAC led Eckert and Mauchly to work on a second machine, the EDVAC, with the capability to store and modify its own instruction---a machine that could be "programmed" in the modern sense.
		As a result, he has some trouble situating the ENIAC and EDVAC in their proper historical place, in characterizing what is special about the machines built by Eckert and Mauchly.
		Goldstine and von Neumann were not sympathetic with Eckert and Mauchly's hopes to trade on EDVAC patents, and argued instead that the technology should be placed in the public domain.
	www.siam.org /siamnews/12-99/eniac.htm (3158 words)

	Physics Today Online - July 2000
		The book suggests that the first of these was Grist Brainerd, the chief administrator of the ENIAC project, who unsuccessfully tried in 1945 to become sole author of an important report on the machine and to keep Mauchly from attending a significant computer-related meeting.
		Both Herman Goldstine and John von Neumann consulted with the ENIAC team and were thoroughly familiar with its designs and with Eckert and Mauchly's plans for the EDVAC, which was to use Eckert's mercury delay line as internal memory for a stored program.
		This report, considered to be an internal document, was nevertheless widely distributed by Goldstine, thus co-opting for von Neumann the credit for both the ENIAC and the idea of the stored-program computer.
	www.aip.org /pt/vol-53/iss-7/p58.html (862 words)

	ENIAC
		It was intended as a first draft for circulation among the team; however, it was widely circulated, and other members of the team were annoyed to find little or no mention of their own contributions.
		Basic construction of EDVAC was performed at Moore School, and beginning in August 1949, it was moved to its permanent home at APG.
		Although EDVAC was reported as basically complete, it did not run its first application program until two years later, in October 1951.
	www.amc.army.mil /amc/ho/studies/eniac.html (1869 words)

	Vonneumann's first computer program
		Despite its speed, however, it was hampered by highly limited in its internal memory and the need to rewire the computer manually for each separate program it was to run.
		What most distinguished EDVAC from ENIAC is that it used stored programs, so that instructions did not have to be input repeatedly.
		The conceptual framework of EDVAC was fully in place by 1946, but delays caused by the end of the war and the departure of workers for civilian work delayed its completion until 1952.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/exhibits/treasures/vonneuma.htm (492 words)

	[No title]
		The EDVAC was the first computer to use the concept of information stored in memory.
		The EDVAC would also use binary numbers instead of decimal numbers, which increased its computation abilities threefold.
		The EDVAC was eventually completed in 1952 and its internal memory design paved the way for all future computers.
	landru.i-link-2.net /jtrees/text/u_s_history.txt (2855 words)

	CHAPTER 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the summer of 1944, a few weeks before the EDVAC contract was let, a powerful new figure stepped into the history of computers a figure who would exercise enormous influence on both the development of computers and on the historical record of that development.
		In the case of EDVAC, the patent fight was a three_sided affair, with the university, von Neumann, and Eckert and Mauchly in different corners.
		Since von Neumann's "Report on the EDVAC" had been widely distributed in 1945, the Ordnance Department's attorneys ruled in April 1947 t hat EDVAC and the idea of the stored_program computer belonged in the public domain.
	www.stanford.edu /group/mmdd/SiliconValley/Augarten/Chapter5.html (8525 words)

	From Gutenberg to the Internet: Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A preliminary version of First Draft on a Report on the EDVAC is circulated to von Neumann’s collaborators on this informal document.
		She removes the bug and enters the dead insect into a log book with the note, First actual case of bug being found.This is first use of the term “bug” and the concept of “debugging” within the context of computing.
		Eckert and Mauchly apply for the broad ENIAC patent, essentially a patent on the stored-program electronic digital computer, basing their description of the machine to a large extent on the government report they issued on November 30, 1945.
	www.historyofmedicine.com /G2I/docs/timeline/timeline_07.shtml (1612 words)

	The Development of Computers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The EDVAC (Electronic Discreet Variable Computer) was completed after the idea was thought of in 1945.
		The computer was designed with a central control unit which would calculate and output all mathematical and logical problems and a memory which could be written to and read.
		A disagreement over the patent of the EDVAC delayed the development of the machine and gave Britain the opportunity to develop the first stored program computer.
	hagar.up.ac.za /catts/learner/andria/5FirstGenComp.html (1036 words)

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