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	U.S. Electoral College - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The electoral process was modified in 1804 with the ratification of the 12th Amendment and again in 1961 with the ratification of the 23rd Amendment.
		In many states, the electors are legally free to cast their votes for anyone they choose, although in some states to vote for someone other than their pledged candidate is a misdemeanor, in others a felony, and in a few it is merely illegal without penalty.
		Even when a third-party candidate receives a significant number of popular votes, he may not receive a plurality in any state and may not garner even a single electoral vote, as was the case of Ross Perot, who won 18% of the popular vote in the 1992 elections.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/U.S._Electoral_College (6759 words)

	3PT - Electoral College Primer
		Makeup and operation of the electoral college itself are tightly defined by the Constitution, but the method of choosing electors is left to the states.
		Electors cast their votes for individual candidates rather than for party slates, with the majority winner being elected president and the runner-up, vice president.
		Many see the apportioning of the electoral college votes by states as a basic flaw, because it gives each of the smaller states at least three electoral votes, even though on a straight population basis some might be entitled to only one or two.
	www.ksg.harvard.edu /case/3pt/electoral.html (2177 words)

	What is the Electoral College (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The first suggestion was voted down due to suspicion of corruption, fears of irrevocably dividing the Congress and concerns of upsetting the balance of power between the executive and the legislative branches.
		Originally, the purpose of the College of Electors was to have the most knowledgeable and informed individuals from each state of the Union cast their votes for the president assuming that they voted solely on the basis of merit.
		Each elector was required to cast two votes for the president and at least one of those votes had to be for a candidate outside of their state.
	www.votescount.com /books/elecoll.htm (1116 words)

	The Electoral College (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The electoral votes were to be sealed and transmitted from each of the States to the President of the Senate who would then open them before both houses of the Congress and read the results.
		Instead, the expression "Electors for" usually appears in fine print on the ballot in front of each set of candidates for president and vice president (or else the State law specifies that votes cast for the candidates are to be counted as being for the slate of delegates pledged to those candidates).
		In order to prevent Electors from voting only for "favorite sons" of their home State, at least one of their votes must be for a person from outside their State (though this is seldom a problem since the parties have consistently nominated presidential and vice presidential candidate from different States).
	jceb.co.jackson.mo.us /fun_stuff/electoral_college.htm (7429 words)

	Howstuffworks "How the Electoral College Works"
		The Electoral College is a controversial mechanism of presidential elections that was created by the framers of the U.S. Constitution as a compromise for the presidential election process.
		The compromise was to set up an Electoral College system that allowed voters to vote for electors, who would then cast their votes for candidates, a system described in Article II, section 1 of the Constitution.
		These votes are then sealed and sent to the president of the Senate, who on Jan. 6 opens and reads the votes in the presence of both houses of Congress.
	people.howstuffworks.com /electoral-college1.htm (326 words)

	Electoral College Calculator - version 2.2
		Each state is allocated "electoral votes" equal to the total number of Senators and Representatives allocated to that state.
		On election day, voters are actually voting for Electoral College members who promise to vote for the candidates of their respective political parties.
		Nebraska and Maine allow their electoral votes to be split amoung candidates, but this has not actually happened in modern times.
	grayraven.com /ec (452 words)

	Electoral College votes will determine next president \| LJWorld.com
		Welcome to the Electoral College -- a quiet part of the United States system of government that was dragged from behind the scenes to dominate the 2000 presidential election and do the same this year.
		In Maine and Nebraska, two electoral votes are determined by the statewide popular vote, and the remaining electoral votes are determined by the popular vote in each congressional district.
		Electors in Kansas were selected by the their state party committees.
	www.ljworld.com /section/stateregional/story/186386 (977 words)

	Devvy Kidd -- Electoral College Votes Already Committed?
		The number of electors for the District of Columbia is equal to the number of senators and representatives for the least populous state (presently three).
		This restriction is in place to prevent electors from voting solely for the "favorite sons" from their home state.
		Legally, the electors are free to cast their votes for anyone they choose; in practice, electors almost never vote for a candidate they are not pledged to.
	www.newswithviews.com /Devvy/kidd73.htm (1578 words)

	The Seattle Times: Nation & World: Colorado considers dividing its 9 Electoral College votes
		The Constitution requires that a candidate win a majority of the electoral votes to be elected (there are 538 electoral votes, so 270 are necessary to win); otherwise, the outcome is decided by the House.
		One elector, a Democrat from the District of Columbia, did not vote, as a protest against the district's lack of representation in Congress.
		Julie Brown, director of Make Your Vote Count, the group that gathered the signatures to put the proposal on the ballot, said dividing the electoral votes was a "basic issue of fairness." She noted that Colorado has relatively little clout in presidential elections anyway.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/nationworld/2002039915_colorado19.html (909 words)

	Electoral College Calculus (washingtonpost.com) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Or Bush and Kerry are headed toward an electoral college tie, but the 2nd Congressional District of Maine breaks with the rest of the state, giving its one electoral vote -- and the presidency -- to Bush.
		But if the winner's margin is small -- less than 1 percent of the popular vote is a rule of thumb -- the odds increase that the quirks of the electoral college could again decide the presidency and again raise doubts about a president's legitimacy.
		But a ballot initiative being decided Tuesday would cause the state's electoral votes to be distributed proportionally -- almost certainly meaning five electoral votes for the winner and four for the loser.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A439-2004Oct26.html (1146 words)

	The Electoral College
		States are represented in the Electoral College according to their total number of representatives in the legislative branch.
		Since the Electoral College did not work in 1824 (John Quincy Adams was elected by the House), the supporters of Andrew Jackson went to work on the state level and got the vote extended to the common man and they also got most states to allow the Electors to be elected by popular vote.
		Explanation of the Electoral College: The number of representatives are determined by the total number of representatives that state has in Congress (Senate and House).
	www.bluegrass.kctcs.edu /LCC/HIS/101/electoral.html (742 words)

	Popularity Contest - In defense of the Electoral College. By Walter Dellinger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Because the riveting dispute over Florida's electoral votes drew all the post-election attention, the undisputed fact that Al Gore had defeated George Bush in the national popular vote did not itself produce a major outcry.
		One cannot persuasively impeach the electoral vote with a national popular-vote number that was wholly irrelevant to the campaign that was actually run.
		But it is not crazy, either, and the candidate who emerges with the most electoral votes has a fully legitimate claim to the office for the next four years.
	slate.msn.com /id/2108991 (1163 words)

	Electoral College 2004 Allocation
		The number of electors for each state is equal to the number of Representatives (1 to 53) plus the number of Senators (2).
		Nebraska is a newcomer to this "districting" system of allocating electoral votes to the presidential candidates in the November General Election- having had this in place only beginning with the 1996 election.
		The House, voting by states and not as individuals (a majority of the total number of states being necessary to a choice), chooses the President and the Senate, voting by individuals and not as states (a majority of the total number of senators being necessary to a choice), chooses the Vice President.
	www.thegreenpapers.com /G04/ElectorAllocation.phtml (522 words)

	Electoral College
		But instead of a simple national vote, the Constitution requires the presidency to be decided by 51 separate elections in each state and the District of Columbia -- all but Nebraska and Maine winner-take-all -- with electoral votes allocated based on the size of each state's congressional delegation.
		With a proportional system, a candidate with 55 percent of the popular vote in a state wins 55 percent of that state's electoral votes, but not all; if the second place finisher receives 45 percent of the popular vote, they win 45 percent of the electoral votes, instead of nothing.
		Justification for the Electoral College is rooted "in racism and sexism," Amar says, noting no other political bodies (whether foreign nations or our own states and cities) think enough of the Electoral College system to use it for their elections.
	www.fairvote.org /op_eds/electoral_college.htm (3472 words)

	Yale Law School \| @YLS \| "The Electoral College Votes Against Equality"--An Essay by Prof. Akhil Amar and Vikram Amar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		As we all were reminded in 2000, the presidential candidate with the most popular votes nationwide does not necessarily win.
		Under the electoral college, however, a state had no such incentive to increase the franchise; as with slaves, what mattered was how many women lived in a state, not how many were empowered.
		True, the electoral college has inertia on its side, but that's hardly a reason to resist reform -- especially when the system puts at risk the basic democratic ideal of equality and inclusion, the very ideal the U.S. is seeking to promote around the world.
	www.law.yale.edu /outside/html/Public_Affairs/502/yls_article.htm (802 words)

	In the electoral vote, complications abound - Tom Curry - MSNBC.com
		In those two states, one elector is awarded to the candidate receiving the most votes in each of the congressional districts, and the remaining two electoral votes are awarded to whoever gets the most votes statewide.
		A legislature could for instance, appoint a specific group of electors, such as retired judges, could choose electors randomly from the state’s population, or could say the presidential candidate who wins the most votes nationwide would get all of that state’s electoral votes.
		If the electors have not been appointed by noon on the day they are to meet, the law says the governor shall appoint them.
	msnbc.msn.com /id/6327343 (1994 words)

	KS Judicial Branch - LawWise Newsletter - March 2000
		The Electoral College was devised by the founding fathers as a compromise between the election of a President by popular vote and by the Congress.
		In the 1988 election, a West Virginia elector voted for Senator Lloyd Bentsen as President and for Governor Michael Dukakis as Vice President.
		But some state laws require electors to cast their votes according to the popular vote and provide that so-called "faithless electors" may be subject to fines or may be disqualified for casting an invalid vote and be replaced by a substitute elector.
	www.kscourts.org /lawwise/marwise.htm (2511 words)

	Electoral Vote Calculator
		In the race for president, the winner of the popular vote in each state wins all the electoral votes in that state
		There are 538 total electoral votes and 270 electoral votes - a majority - are needed to win.
		Use the Electoral Vote Calculator to determine the total electoral votes for the Republican and Democratic candidates by selecting the
	www.americanresearchgroup.com /ev (134 words)

	The Electoral College - Maine and Nebraska
		Currently, these two states are the only two in the union that diverge from the traditional winner-take-all method of electoral vote allocation.
		The winner of each district is awarded that district’s electoral vote, and the winner of the state-wide vote is then awarded the state’s remaining two electoral votes.
		Although this method still fails to reach the full ideal of one-man one-vote, it has been proposed as a nationwide reform for the way in which Electoral votes are distributed.
	www.fairvote.org /e_college/me_ne.htm (186 words)

	Split Colorado's electoral votes? - Tom Curry - MSNBC.com
		Facing Colorado voters on Nov. 2: a ballot measure to change the state constitution so that Colorado’s nine electoral votes would be allocated in proportion to the popular vote in the state instead of a winner-take-all basis.
		The Colorado ballot measure is being voted on by the people directly, not by the state legislature.
		Given some Americans’ puzzlement with the electoral mechanics that allow one candidate to receive the most votes nationwide and not win the electoral vote, one might expect that Colorado could be the harbinger of a national movement if the measure is approved by the voters.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/6106804 (1208 words)

	MyDD :: Proportional Allocation of Electoral Votes in Colorado?
		The electoral college is a holdover to a less democratic age.
		OK currently has 7 electoral votes, but is so heavily GOP in Presidential elections the real question would be whether they divide 5-2 or only 4-3.
		The electoral college allows that irregularity to be handled quietly, without a media firestorm, because the outcome of the election would not be in doubt regardless of how the Vermont dispute is resolved.
	www.mydd.com /story/2004/8/3/144612/0610 (4101 words)

	270 to Win: An Interactive Map and History of the Electoral College
		270towin.com is an interactive Electoral College map for 2008 and a history of Presidential elections in the United States.
		Since electoral votes are generally allocated on an "all or none" basis by state, the election of a U.S President is about winning the popular vote in enough states to achieve 270 electoral votes, a majority of the 538 that are available.
		It is not about getting the most overall popular votes, as we saw in the 2000 election, when the electoral vote winner (Bush) and the popular vote winner (Gore) were different.
	www.270towin.com (193 words)

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