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Topic: Endothelium

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Angiogenesis

Blood vessel

Capillary

Apoptosis

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Podocyte

Artery

EDRF

Monoclonal antibody

Antibody

Kidney

Renal medulla

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Eye

	Endothelium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For the endothelium of the cornea, see corneal endothelium
		The endothelium is the layer of thin, flat cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.
		Endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, from the heart to the smallest capillary.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endothelium (232 words)

	Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
		Blood vessels are lined with a thin layer of specialized cells called endothelium that forms a critical barrier controlling the exchange of circulating blood molecules, nutrients, cells and even drugs from the blood to the internal compartments and cells of the tissue.
		Previously, we demonstrated that albumin interacts with endothelium and traverses it by binding to a specific receptor called albondin (gp60) which is concentrated in caveolae that can bud from the cell surface to form free transport vesicles.
		In this project, we focus on molecular mapping of the vascular endothelium in vivo, with an emphasis on examining molecular diversity among organs by identifying differentially induced proteins on its cell surface and caveolae.
	www.skcc.org /schnitzer.html (1969 words)

	Properties of the endothelium
		In all types of blood vessels the endothelium of the tunica intima is highly specialised with endocrine, exocrine, cell adhesion, clotting and transport functions.
		This type of endothelium is normally seen in the specialised venules in the lymph node paracortex (high endothelial venules).
		Endothelium is normally locally impermeable to substances in the blood.
	greenfield.fortunecity.com /rattler/46/endothelium.htm (536 words)

	endothelium - multiple sclerosis encyclopaedia
		The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines blood and lymph vessels.
		The cells of the endothelium are called endothelial cells.
		Until quite recently the endothelium was thought to be an inert lining of the blood vessels but it is now becoming clear that endothelial cells play a number of essential and complex roles within the body.
	www.mult-sclerosis.org /endothelium.html (320 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The endothelium is located at the interface between the blood and the vessel wall.
		The cells are in close contact and form a slick layer that prevents blood cell interaction with the vessel wall as blood moves through the vessel lumen.
		For years the endothelium was thought of as an inert single layer of cells that passively allowing the passage of water and other small molecules across the vessel wall.
	bme.virginia.edu /ley/endothelium.html (160 words)

	Clinical Specular Microscopy: In Vivo Findings of Specular Microscopy
		In minimally affected corneas the clinical specular microscopic appearance of the endothelium was characterized as a "rounding-up" of the endothelial cells.
		This suggests that the endothelium and Descemet's membrane ruptured in the area of enlarged cells and that the dramatic increase in the size of these cells reflects the changes necessary to repair the affected site, an interpretation that is consistent with the current understanding of acute corneal hydrops and its resolution.
		However, contact between formed vitreous humor and the corneal endothelium is not invariably followed by corneal edema, and in those cases in which the phenomenon is encountered the cornea may tolerate vitreous contact and remain clear and dehydrated for extended periods before edema is observed.
	www.bio-optics.com /articles/01/art0106.htm (7369 words)

	Mechanisms of Mitotic Inhibition in Corneal Endothelium: Contact Inhibition and TGF-{beta}2 -- Joyce et al. 43 (7): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		ICC and RT-PCR of p27kip1 in neonatal endothelium and RT-PCR
		in corneal epithelium or endothelium as intense as in conjunctival
		in the endothelium of neonatal rat cornea by immunolocalization
	www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/43/7/2152 (5838 words)

	The Cardiac Endothelium - Cardiovascular Physiology - MEDSTUDENTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Cardiac Endothelium - Cardiovascular Physiology - MEDSTUDENTS
		The endocardium endothelium (EE) is one of the most primitive strucuture in the human heart.
		Cardiac endothelium is a modulator of ventricular function and its damage or dysfunction is actually a factor in the development of heart disease.
	www.medstudents.com.br /basic/cardfs/cardfs6.htm (1556 words)

	Regulation of the Cerebral Circulation: Role of Endothelium and Potassium Channels -- FARACI and HEISTAD 78 (1): 53 -- ...
		Activity of NO synthase in endothelium, and NO synthase in neurons (NOS I), is dependent on the presence of calcium (395, 549).
		adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium, and proliferation of vascular
		cerebral endothelium (57-59, 375, 561, 562, 616), cerebral vascular
	physrev.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/78/1/53 (8393 words)

	Endothelium definition - Womens Health and Medical Information on MedicineNet.com
		Endothelium: A layer of flat cells lining the closed internal spaces of the body such as the inside of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels (that convey the lymph, a milky fluid) and the heart.
		By contrast, the outside layer of cells that covers all the free, open surfaces of the body including the skin, and mucous membranes that communicate with the outside of the body is called the epithelium.
		The word "endothelium" is derived from the Greek "endon," within + G. "thele," nipple.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3248 (231 words)

	Impaired Hyperpolarization in Regenerated Endothelium After Balloon Catheter Injury -- Köhler et al. 89 (2): 174 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Porcine coronary arteries with regenerate endothelium have a reduced endothelium-dependent responsiveness to aggregating platelets and serotonin.
		Natural course of the impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxations after balloon endothelium removal in porcine coronary arteries: possible dysfunction of a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein.
		Alteration of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations in porcine coronary arteries with regenerated endothelium.
	circres.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/89/2/174 (3450 words)

	The role of the endothelium in severe sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome -- Aird 101 (10): 3765 -- Blood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In sepsis, the endothelium is activated by LPS-mediated engagement of the toll-like receptor (TLR4) or by the interaction of inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-
		At the same time (or later during the sepsis cascade), the endothelium may be conditioned by other environmental factors, such as hypoxia, low blood flow, changes in temperature, acid-base/electrolyte abnormalities, and/or hyperglycemia.
		Not shown are the critical interactions between the endothelium and underlying extracellular matrix and parenchymal cells.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/101/10/3765 (6863 words)

	Robert Furchgott
		After the discovery that relaxation by EDRF is associated with a rise in cGMP in the vascular smooth muscle, we found that photorelaxation of arterial smooth muscle (using near UV radiation) is also associated with a rise in cGMP, which precedes the relaxation.
		Furchgott, R. F., and Zawadzki, J. The obligatory role of the endothelium in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine.
		Furchgott, R. Role of endothelium in responses of vascular smooth muscle.
	www.hscbklyn.edu /pharmacology/furch.htm (856 words)

	Taylor & Francis Journals: Welcome
		Endothelium is a multidisciplinary biomedical journal on endothelial cell research, dedicated to the rapid turnaround of signficant basic and clinical research on the endothelium, including:
		Endothelial-derived biologically active factors involved in the regulation of vascular tone and structure in haemostasis, fibrinolysis, inflammation and immune responses
		Molecular and cellular biology, regulation of gene expression, membrane transport, signal transduction mechanisms, endothelial meability, adhesion, and cell surface receptors
	www.tandf.co.uk /journals/titles/10623329.html (131 words)

	Hypoxic pulmonary endothelial cells release a diffusible contractile factor distinct from endothelin -- Gaine et al. ...
		The role of endothelium in mediating or modulating hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in vivo has not been clearly defined.
		Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is enhanced by inhibition of the synthesis of an endothelium derived relaxing factor.
		Hypoxia releases a vasoconstrictor substance from the canine vascular endothelium.
	ajplung.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/274/4/L657 (3972 words)

	Leung, Mol Vis 2000; 6:15-23.
		The in vivo localization of type I collagen in corneal endothelium, as previously reported [10], was confirmed; the corneal endothelium was stained with anti-type I collagen antibody, whereas the underlying DM demonstrated no staining (Figure 3B).
		Although corneal endothelium reacted with the 2E4 antibody, the underlying DM did not react (Figure 5B); and the staining profile of long variant form of type XII collagen is identical to the published data [11].
		Ultrastructural studies on the development of rabbit corneal endothelium demonstrate that fibrils deposited on the basal side of the corneal endothelium and subsequently incorporated into DM are synthesized by corneal endothelium [32].
	www.molvis.org /molvis/v6/a4 (4367 words)

	Mouse Vascular Endothelium Activates CD8+ T Lymphocytes in a B7-Dependent Fashion -- Kreisel et al. 169 (11): 6154 -- ...
		of mouse vascular endothelium in vitro (7, 8, 9).
		T lymphocytes cultured with resting allogeneic vascular endothelium (C57BL/6) in the presence of control Ig or CTLA4-Ig were examined at 3, 5, and 7 days.
		Cloned endothelium derived from autoimmune vascular disease retain structural and functional characteristics of normal endothelial cells.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/169/11/6154 (5300 words)

	Decreased intercellular dye-transfer and downregulation of non-ablated connexins in aortic endothelium deficient in ...
		Decreased intercellular dye-transfer and downregulation of non-ablated connexins in aortic endothelium deficient in connexin37 or connexin40
		Biocytin transfer is reduced in aortic endothelium of connexin-deficient mice.
		The absence of Cx43 from mouse arterial endothelium
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/116/11/2223 (6874 words)

	Endothelium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Such mediators are implicated in regulating the permeability of the endothelium and can promote chemotactic responses like inflammation and blood clotting.
		The endothelium is involved in a network of interactions between cells, cellular factors, humoral factors and matrix components and endothelial malfunctions are the cause of a great variety of pathophysiological states.
		So there is a great demand of in vitro models for the study of various diseases on a cellular basis provided by endothelial cell cultures.
	www.chemie.tu-darmstadt.de /bt/Endothel.html (155 words)

	Homocellular Conduction Along Endothelium and Smooth Muscle of Arterioles in Hamster Cheek Pouch: Unmasking an NO Wave ...
		Effect of endothelium disruption on local and conducted vasomotor responses to ACh (n=10), PE (n=6), BK (n=6), and KCl (n=6).
		Data indicate the diameter change at respective distances (0, 500, and 1000 µm) along arteriole, with stimuli applied at 0 µm and LDT of endothelium (darkened segment in illustration) centered at 500 µm.
		Note lack of effect of endothelium disruption on conducted vasodilation to ACh, whereas conducted vasodilation to BK and KCl was abolished.
	circres.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/93/1/61 (4317 words)

	Dietary modulation of endothelial function: implications for cardiovascular disease -- Brown and Hu 73 (4): 673 -- ...
		the endothelium by increasing adhesion molecule expression and
		Adhesion molecules on the endothelium and mononuclear cells in human atherosclerotic lesions.
		Increased adhesiveness of isolated monocytes to endothelium is prevented by vitamin C intake in smokers.
	www.ajcn.org /cgi/content/full/73/4/673 (7970 words)

	Activation of Endothelium by Borrelia burgdorferi In Vitro Enhances Transmigration of Specific Subsets of T Lymphocytes ...
		Lyme disease is a chronic inflammatory illness that is caused by the spirochetal bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi.
		The upper portion of each bar denotes the percentage of T lymphocytes that were adherent to the apical surface of the endothelium.
		The lower portion depicts the percentage of cells that migrated beneath the endothelium; the upper portion indicates the percentage that were adherent to the apical surface of the endothelium.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/4/2190 (4814 words)

	Capillary Endothelium
		The second type of endothelium capillaries is fenestrated capillaries which are found in tissues which participate in fluid exchange.
		Lastly, the third type of capillary endothelium is Discontinuous or sinusoidal capillaries found in red blood cells.
		Fenestrated and discontinous endothelium allow passage of large molecules to pass through intracellular spaces of the endothelium.
	www.usc.edu /dept/biomed/bme403/Section_3/capillary_endothelium.html (229 words)

	Alterations of endothelium and smooth muscle function in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive arteries -- Ito ...
		In summary, as a result of damage to the endothelium by MCT, the influence of the endothelium on smooth muscle cells is reduced
		Increased vascular responsiveness in lungs of rats with pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline pyrrole.
		Endothelin and 5-hydroxytryptamine on rat pulmonary artery in pulmonary hypertension.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/279/4/H1786 (4829 words)

	Indigo Carmine Inhibits Endothelium-Dependent and -Independent Vasodilation -- Chang et al. 27 (2): 228 -- Hypertension (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Effect of IC on endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by histamine in isolated rat thoracic aortic rings containing endothelium before IC exposure (A), during exposure to various concentrations of IC (B), and after several washings with K-H solution during 60 to 90 minutes after the exposure to IC (C).
		Effect of IC on endothelium-independent relaxation induced by isoproterenol in isolated rat thoracic aortic rings without endothelium during exposure to various concentrations of IC or isovolumetric water (Control).
		ACh responses were studied in aortic rings containing endothelium and SNP responses in those without endothelium.
	hyper.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/27/2/228 (3722 words)

	Vascular endothelial growth factor attenuates leukocyte—endothelium interaction during acute endothelial dysfunction: ...
		Adherence of isolated rat neutrophils to SMA vascular endothelium obtained from control rats given 0.9% saline and VEGF-treated rats.
		Bar heights show number of adhered neutrophils to rat SMA endothelium obtained from the four experimental groups of rats.
		expression of cell adhesion molecules on the vascular endothelium.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/13/9/1039 (4561 words)

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