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Topic: Epidural anesthesia

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Local anaesthesia

Local anesthesia

Spinal anesthesia

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Spinal anaesthesia

	Local anesthesia -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Local anesthesia, in a strict sense, is (Loss of bodily sensation with or without loss of consciousness) anesthesia of a small part of the body such as a tooth or an area of skin.
		Sometimes conduction anesthesia is combined with (A state of total unconsciousness resulting from anesthetic drugs (as for a major surgical operation)) general anesthesia or (The administration of a sedative agent or drug) sedation for the patient´s comfort and ease of surgery.
		Epidural anesthesia by a caudal approach had been known in the early 20th century, but a well-defined technique using lumbar injection was not developed until the 1930s.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/lo/local_anesthesia.htm (1559 words)

	Epidural Anesthesia for Labor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Epidural anesthesia is one way of taking away the pain of labor and birth.
		Epidural anesthesia uses repeated doses of a local anesthetic in the epidural space of the spinal area.
		Under epidural anesthesia you may not feel that you are having a contraction.
	www.healthpages.org /AHP/LIBRARY/WOMEN/PREGNANT/LABRDELV/epidural.htm (1354 words)

	Spinal & Epidural Anesthesia
		Epidural anesthesia is most commonly placed in the low back(lumbar region).
		The needle for Epidural passes between the vertebrae of the Spinal column to the Epidural space.
		Epidural is much longer pain control because a small catheter is placed in the back and this may be used for 1 to 4 days post operatively.
	www.reddinganesthesia.com /spinal.htm (1257 words)

	misc.kids.pregnancy Epidural Anesthesia FAQ
		Allowing the epidural to wear off before beginning pushing can prevent this to some extent, but not only is it often difficult for women to handle the pain of contractions after being pain-free for so long, but also the muscle weakness and leg heaviness seem to last longer than the pain relief.
		Epidural anesthesia does seem to be the safest for both mother and baby if you have to have something, such as for a c-section!
		It is UNTRUE that epidural anesthesia does not cross the placenta to the baby, an oft-touted belief that I have seen in pamphlets and on this net.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/misc-kids/pregnancy/anesthesia/epidural (10648 words)

	Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia?
		Epidural anesthesia was initiated using 10-12 ml of 2% lidocaine and switched to continuous epidural anesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine (5-7 ml/hr).
		Their conclusion was that the combined spinal-epidural technique, using 5 mg of bupivacaine and with sufficient epidural lidocaine to reach a T4 level, had the advantages of both spinal and epidural anesthesia with few of the complications of either.
		The incidence of spinal anesthesia in an orthopedic institute in Firenze increased from 22% in 1989 to 42% in 1993 (6).
	www.csen.com /anesthesia/book (15184 words)

	Spinal and Epidural Anesthesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Spinal and epidural anesthesia is frequently administered for surgeries involving the pelvis, hips, and legs, as well as for childbirth.
		Advantages of spinal and epidural anesthesia include the ability to be awake during the operation and the avoidance of complications associated with general anesthesia.
		Epidural anesthesia may be given as a single injection just outside of the sac of fluid that surrounds your spinal cord.
	www.stjohn.org /HealthInfoLib/HGArticle.aspx?ArticleID=43847 (860 words)

	Capitol Anesthesiology Association - Services - Regional Anesthesia - Epidural Anesthesia
		Epidural anesthesia is a form of regional anesthesia in which a local anesthetic drug is injected into the epidural space to provide anesthesia to various parts of the body.
		Epidural anesthesia is achieved by injecting medications into a space within the spine (the epidural space) so as to target those nerves that supply the part of the body for which anesthesia is desired.
		While epidural anesthesia is sometimes administered as a single injection through that needle, more often a small, flexible, plastic tube known as an epidural catheter is threaded through the needle into the epidural space and is used to administer further doses of medication.
	www.capanes.com /services_ra_epidural.html (404 words)

	Epidural : American Pregnancy Association
		Epidural anesthesia is regional anesthesia that blocks pain in a particular region of the body.
		Epidurals block the nerve impulses from the lower spinal segments resulting in decreased sensation in the lower half of the body.
		The use of epidural anesthesia during childbirth is continually being perfected and much of its success depends on the care in which it is administered.
	www.americanpregnancy.org /labornbirth/epidural.html (1811 words)

	Epidural Misadventures: A review of the risk and complications associated with epidural anaesthesia
		I think it should be apparent that, when discussing complications of regional anesthesia with patients, one should not dwell on the fact that death could occur with regional anaesthesia, rather the patient should be made aware that death is more of a risk when general anaesthesia is used in the pregnant patient.
		Epidural hematoma is a complication which we learn about early in our career and many spend a great deal of time fearing someday they will see one.
		Twenty three of the 46 epidural cases were associated with the use of anticoagulants, 4 were associated with thrombocytopenia and the remaining 19 cases had no risk factors reported.
	www.oyston.com /anaes/local/muir.html (1844 words)

	Reported Side Effects of Epidural Anesthesia - Childbirth.org
		While some of the following effects are rare and others are common, it is important for every mother to be aware of these risks, to explore the many natural forms of pain management, and to decide carefully whether the benefits of epidural anesthesia outweigh the risks.
		Many mothers find it helpful to reconceptualize "pain" as "intensity," to prepare well, to choose their midwife/doctor with care, to arrange for loving support, and to cultivate an awareness of their own courage and beauty.
		Epidural analgesia in labor and fetal hyperthermia in
	www.childbirth.org /articles/sideeppi.html (187 words)

	Epidural Anesthesia (Peridural Anesthesia, AN Epidural)
		Epidural anesthesia is a method used to eliminate pain during certain procedures or surgeries.
		In this form of anesthesia, medication is injected inside the spinal column with a needle or thin tube.
		An epidural is different from spinal anesthesia, a procedure in which the medication is injected inside the sac that contains the spinal cord.
	www.3-rx.com /epidural-anesthesia/default.php (390 words)

	Epidural
		Epidurals and caudals are two similar types of regional anesthesia that free a laboring woman from pain without dulling her mental faculties.
		Her body may not respond to the epidural as the anesthesiologist intends--some women find that they still experience pain in spite of their expectation that the pain will be gone, whereas others who may have wanted to feel some sensations so that they could push may find themselves completely deadened and unable to do so.
		So common is the use of epidurals today that many childbirth professionals are calling the 1990s the age of the "epidural epidemic." 60% of the women in my study, and 80% of the women in a recent study by Sargent and Stark (1987) received epidurals or their equivalent.
	www.birthpsychology.com /messages/epidural/epidural.html (1090 words)

	Epidural Anaesthesia (page 1)
		Epidural analgesia is indicated in obstetric patients in difficult or high-risk labour, e.g.
		The epidural space is that part of the vertebral canal not occupied by the dura mater and its contents.
		Laterally, the epidural space is bordered by the periosteum of the vertebral pedicles, and the intervertebral foraminae.
	www.nda.ox.ac.uk /wfsa/html/u13/u1311_01.htm (1098 words)

	Epidural Anesthesia
		Epidural is a kind of anesthetic (medication to block pain).
		During an epidural, anesthetic is injected into the area around your lower spine.
		An epidural is usually not started until you're in active labor.
	www.appleview.net /epidural.html (612 words)

	Epidural Anesthesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Epidural anesthesia is the choice of many doctors for labor and delivery.
		Epidural anesthesia does not increase your chances of having a c-section or forceps delivery.
		An epidural relaxes the pelvic muscles and the nerves are bathed in the local anesthetic medication which causes an insensitivity to pain.
	www.mjbovo.com /Epidural.htm (189 words)

	Epidural Anesthesia
		According to the literature epidural anesthesia has been proven to prolong labor, increase the risk of uterine infection, and increase the number of operative deliveries two- to fourfold (Ramin, Gambling, Lucas, Sharma, Sidawi, and Leveno, 1995).
		For example you choose to have an epidural, you become hypotensive (blood pressure drops), in response the fetal heart rate will drop, and the doctor determines fetal distress and off you are swept for a cesarean section.
		Of the women 52% of the woman who died were undergoing general anesthesia, problems such as intubation, inadequate ventilation, aspiration, and respiratory failure were the causes of death.
	www.angelfire.com /oh2/tracybrewer/epiduralanesthesia.html (553 words)

	[No title]
		Epidural anesthesia uses repeated doses of a local anesthetic in the epidural space that surrounds the spinal cord in the lower back.
		The goal of an epidural is to provide an almost pain free labor experience while still allowing you too feel the pressure of a contraction and feel the need to push.
		Typically epidurals are placed when the cervix is dilated to 4-5 centimeters and you are in true active labor.
	www.pregnancy.org /article.php?sid=1514 (1144 words)

	Epidural Anesthesia
		One study found that cesarean rates were 11% if epidural was given at 5 or more cm dilation, 16% at 4 cm, and 28% at 3 cm.
		Another study was even more striking, finding that cesarean rates increased to 26% when epidural was given at 4 cm, dilation, 33% at 3 cm, and 50% when the epidural was given at 2 cm dilation.
		This may be due to poor positioning during birth: women with epidurals may not be able to sense discomfort when they are in a position which is straining muscles, so support people need to pay attention to keeping mom in a comfortable, healthy position.
	transitiontoparenthood.com /ttp/parented/pain/epidural.htm (1509 words)

	Epidural Analgesia/Anesthesia
		Re the subanalysis of potential link of epidural to cxion, these low risk motivated women were 3.7x more likely to have a cxion if they chose epidural than other methods of pain relief.
		The greatest risk was when the women had the epidural before 5 cms 5.1 times, but even when received later in the first stage was still 3.1x.
		Iglesias, S. "Ambulatory Epidural Analgesia: A Proposal for Rural Canada", Canadian Journal of Rural Medicine (Forthcoming).
	www.fensende.com /Users/swnymph/refs/epi.html (505 words)

	Epidural anesthesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Bromage introduced continuous lumbar epidural anesthesia which required less medication than caudal anesthesia and was easier and faster to administer.
		At HUP, the Department of Anesthesia switched from continuous caudal anesthesia to lumbar epidural anesthesia in 1970.
		After studying infusion rates and concentration levels, HUP was one of the first hospitals to popularize the use of continuous infusion of local anesthetics through an epidural catheter.
	www.obgyn.upenn.edu /History/epidural.html (77 words)

	AORN Online: Journal: AORN Journal: July 2001 Evidence for Practice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This research study examined whether general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia is better than general anesthesia alone.
		Patients were randomized to receive general anesthesia or general anesthesia plus intraoperative epidural anesthesia, which was continued postoperatively for 72 hours.
		The study demonstrates, however, that patients receiving intraoperative and postoperative epidural anesthesia in addition to general anesthesia experience significant benefit in terms of pain management and decreased risk of respiratory failure.
	www.aorn.org /journal/2002/julyefp.htm (1202 words)

	Epidural Anesthesia
		Epidural anesthesia does not increase your chances of having a c-section or forceps delivery if it is administered at the proper time and in the proper way.
		A thin needle is placed between the vertebrae into a space called the epidural space.
		You can then be given a continuous small amount of anesthetic medication or be given a bolus dose (larger amount) when you begin to have pain.
	www.mjbovo.com /Pregnancy/LDEpidural.htm (366 words)

	Does epidural anesthesia affect breastfeeding? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		William Camann MD Bhavani Shankar Kodali MD Modern day epidural anesthesia for labor and delivery uses extremely low doses of medications.
		Sensitive assays can detect the presence of these medications in the baby, although the absolute levels are extremely low, even after prolonged epidural infusion during labor or cesarean delivery.
		Some women may experience difficulty with breastfeeding, for wide variety of reasons, regardless of the methods of anesthesia used during labor or delivery.
	www.brighamandwomens.org /painfreebirthing/breastfeeding.asp (187 words)

	Patient Education Video- Epidural Anesthesia- OB170 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This video covers the possible risks, side effects and benefits of epidural anesthesia.
		For a more detailed overview of this procedure, Epidural Anesthesia Informed Consent is available for your patients.
		The products featured on this website are for personal use only and are not to be construed as medical advice or serve as a basis for diagnosis or recommendation of treatment.
	www.milner-fenwick.com /products/ob170/index.asp (146 words)

	MedlinePlus: Anesthesia
		Anesthesia: Options and Considerations (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
		Anesthesia for Ambulatory Surgery (American Society of Anesthesiologists) - Links to PDF
		Office-Based Anesthesia and Surgery (American Society of Anesthesiologists)
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/anesthesia.html (200 words)

	CSE Combined Spinal Epidural Anesthesia
		This much discussed technique combines the low failure-rate and reduced latency period of spinal anaesthesia with the option of prolonging anaesthesia through the peridural catheter as required.
		By eliminating friction during the spinal needle's passage through the Tuohy, the important tactile sensation of dura puncture is unobscured.
		A Sprotte spinal needle is inserted coaxially into an Epidural Special Sprotte or Tuohy and emerges through the lateral opening of the Epidural needle.
	www.dynamedical.com /pg2i.html (236 words)

	Healthopedia.com - Epidural Anesthesia (Peridural Anesthesia, AN Epidural)
		Healthopedia.com - Epidural Anesthesia (Peridural Anesthesia, AN Epidural)
		You are here : Healthopedia.com > Medical Encyclopedia > Surgeries and Procedures > Epidural Anesthesia
		Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites.
	www.healthopedia.com /epidural-anesthesia (499 words)

	Pain Relief in Labor - Childbirth.org
		Intracutanesous injections of sterile water for back labor by Dr. Paul Ting
		Pregnancy Physiologic Changes & Anesthesia by Dr. Paul Ting
		Epidural treatment for labor lessens woman's pain, increases complications, UT Southwestern research shows
	www.childbirth.org /articles/labor/painrelief.html (105 words)

	THE GLOBAL REGIONAL ANESTHESIA WEBSITE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		CSEGA (Combined Spinal-Epidural-General Anesthesia): The Anesthesia of the Future?
		CSEN International is Looking for Distributors for the Eldor Products for Regional Anesthesia
		ELDOR Combined Spinal - Epidural Kit Presentation (Spanish)
	www.csen.com /anesthesia (169 words)

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