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Topic: Epiphyte

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Tillandsia

Saprophyte

Mycorrhiza

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CAM photosynthesis

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	What is an epiphyte
		An epiphyte is a plant that normally grows on another plant for support.
		Epiphytes can be found in many different environments all over the world, but many of the most beautiful come from the tropic rain forests.
		Epiphytes are often found growing in shady conditions, under tree canopies and so on and these are usually adapted to relatively low light levels and many therefore can make good houseplants.
	www.jhorobin.freeserve.co.uk /whatis.htm (190 words)

	epiphyte - Encyclopedia.com
		epiphyte or air plant, any plant that does not normally root in the soil but grows upon another living plant while remaining independent of it except for support (thus differing from a parasite).
		An epiphyte manufactures its own food (see photosynthesis) in the same way that other green plants do, but obtains its moisture from the air or from moisture-laden pockets of the host plant, rather than from the soil.
		Epiphytes may grow upon the trunk, branches, or leaves of the host plant, sometimes so thickly as to damage the original plant by crowding out its leaves.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-epiphyte.html (414 words)

	Epiphyte - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		An epiphyte uses photosynthesis for energy and (where non-aquatic) obtains moisture from the air or from dampness (rain and cloud moisture) on the surface of its host.
		Epiphytes are not parasitic on their host, growing independently and deriving only physical support.
		The best-known epiphytes include mosses, lichens, orchids, and bromeliads (such as Spanish moss and Tillandsia), but epiphytes may be found in every major group of the plant kingdom.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Epiphyte (293 words)

	Epiphyte-Project (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Epiphytes and canopy fauna of the Otonga rain forest.
		Epiphytes and canopy fauna of the Otonga rain forest (Ecuador).
		Epiphytes in rain forests of Venezuela - diversity and dynamics of a biocenosis.
	www.nees.uni-bonn.de /epiphyt.htm (1918 words)

	Epiphyte Summary
		Because epiphytes are plants and produce their own energy, they actually provide nutrients to other organisms and thereby enhance the diversity of life in the forest canopy.
		An epiphyte uses photosynthesis for energy and (where non-aquatic) obtains moisture from the air or from dampness (rain and cloud moisture) on the surface of its host.
		Epiphytes are also important to certain animals that may live in their water reservoirs, such some types of frogs and arthropods.
	www.bookrags.com /Epiphyte (1005 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Epiphytes usually derive only physical support and not nutrition from their host, though they may sometimes damage the host.
		Epiphytes attached to their hosts high in the canopy have an advantage over herbs restricted to the ground where there is less light and herbivores may be more active.
		Some epiphytes are large trees that begin their lives high in the forest canopy.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=epiphyte (419 words)

	Epiphyte Bed and Breakfast accommodation in tropical far north Queensland, Australia - Home
		Epiphytes are plants which grow on another plant (mostly trees) and are usually not parasitic i.e.
		The 'Epiphyte' is situated on a low hill surrounded by and overlooking the rainforest.
		There are two main seasons with the Dry season extending from May to December and the Wet, which is also the hottest and most humid time of year from late December til mid May (though, as with climates around the world, these dates are not always reliable).
	www.rainforestbb.com (553 words)

	Stefan Laube, TU Kaiserslautern (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Epiphyte assemblages on single Socratea exorrhiza trees were highly dynamic while the overall composition of the epiphyte vegetation on the host tree species in the study plot was rather stable.
		Considerable increase in the abundance of the dominating epiphyte species and ongoing colonization of the host tree species suggests that the epiphyte vegetation has not reached a steady state in the maximal 80 years since the establishment of the host tree.
		Epiphyte populations are patchily distributed and examined species exhibit properties of a metapopulation with asynchronous local population growth, high local population turnover, a positive relationship between regional occurrence and patch population size, and negatively correlated relationship between extinction and patch occupancy.
	www.uni-kl.de /FB-Biologie/Botanik/s_laube.html (1042 words)

	Indicator: Biomass, or number per unit area, of epiphytes (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Epiphytes obtain all their nutrients from the water column and are not competitive when nutrient concentrations are relatively low.
		Increased epiphyte growth can have detrimental effects on the plant it grows on as it decreases the diffusion rate of nutrients and gases, decreases photosynthesis through shading, and may break seagrass leaves off their stems due to the weight of the epiphyte.
		Increased growth of epiphyte plants (and periphyton) is often observed in response to increased nutrient loads entering the estuarine or marine environment.
	www.coastal.crc.org.au /ozcoast/issues/indicators/biomass_epiphytes.html (1331 words)

	Amazon Plants epiphytes - epiphyte diversity photo
		But orchids are only one type of epiphyte, and there are thousands of different species of those.
		Other epiphytes such as bromeliads, philodendrons and ferns also contribute to the biodiversity.
		As a tree ages, its epiphyte load increases until its branches are virtually obscured.
	www.junglephotos.com /amazon/amplants/epiphytes/divepiphytes.shtml (222 words)

	Epiphyte - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Epiphyte, or air plant, plant that does not root in soil, but attaches itself to a tree or other tall object where it can secure light and moisture....
		The staghorn fern is an epiphyte, or air plant, and obtains moisture...
		Spanish Moss, common name for a flowering, perennial, mosslike epiphyte, of the pineapple family.
	encarta.msn.com /Epiphyte.html (117 words)

	Seagrass Epiphytes In Florida Bay
		Epiphyte chlorophyll load was significantly correlated with P availability in Florida Bay (Figure 11), suggesting that the autotrophic component of the epiphyte community may also be P limited.
		The absence of significant differences in the total epiphyte loads at 30 and 45 m from the island and the observed change in epiphytic species composition along the transect suggest that the effect of bird colony nutrient enrichment on epiphyte levels is pronounced but very localized, not extending even 30 meters from the island.
		The relative importance of algal epiphytes to the total epiphyte community, as measured by the AI, was minimum in the northeast parts of Florida Bay, and maximum in the southwest part of the bay (Figure 7).
	www.fiu.edu /~seagrass/papers/fbepis/body.htm (5373 words)

	Epiphyte-Project Bonn
		Approximately 10% of all vascular plant species are epiphytes, plants living on other plants without drawing water or nutrients from its living tissue.
		In the tropics, epiphytic plants - mainly orchids, bromeliads and Araceae - are a characteristic element of the vegetation.
		Rudolph, D., Rauer, G., Nieder, J. and Barthlott, W., 1998: Distributional patterns of epiphytes in the canopy and phorophyte characteristics in a western andean rain forest in Ecuador.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/ibc99/bonn/Epiphytes/epiphytes.htm (826 words)

	epiphyte
		An epiphyte that takes its nutrients from the air, ball moss prefers interior, dying branches with low light and high humidity.
		The resurrection fern, Polypodium polypodioides, is an epiphyte or "air plant." Epiphytes are usually found growing on other plants but make their own food the...
		The word epiphyte is derived from the Greek words "epi" meaning upon and "phyte" meaning plant.
	www.mongabay.com /igapo/biotech/epiphyte.html (251 words)

	Epiphyte Chinese Banyans
		Often a single tree will have several ficus epiphytes that send their roots down the trunk and these will fuse and widen until it may cover the entire host tree trunk surface.
		This tree has several and the roots of the upper ones are emerging from the foliage mass and welding and fusing with the roots of the low epiphyte that began in the fork of the the two-trunked host tree.
		Michael has observed this epiphyte for ten years and originally removed most of the top and branches with a chainsaw about five years ago.
	www.fukubonsai.com /Nature7g.html (2148 words)

	Structure and diversity of the vascular epiphyte community in the overstory of a tropical rain forest in Surumoni, ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The structure of the vascular epiphyte community in the overstorey (20-28 m) of a riverine tropical rain forest was studied with the aid of a large tower crane between April and December of 1997.
		In this stratum, 243 epiphytic individuals were found, representing seven families and 22 species.
		A correlation was established, however, between epiphyte abundance and type of tree bark.
	www.trophort.com /information/data/B01/S23/CAR00STR7X11105.html (201 words)

	Canopy N cycling and epiphyte nutrition (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Within a tree crown epiphytes colonise a range of microhabitats which correlate with two gradients within the canopy affecting the habitat quality of epiphytes, namely the microclimatic gradient and a gradient correlating with branch diameter.
		N abundance of epiphytes, canopy organic material, bulk precipitation, throughfall, and stemflow are determined in a lowland rainforest, Costa Rica.
		Variations in epiphyte N availability and N uptake during wet and dry season in a 'perhumid' lowland rainforest, Piedras Blancas N.P., Costa Rica are studied.
	chemsrv0.pph.univie.ac.at /wwa/homepage_ww_neu/canopy.htm (685 words)

	Patterns of neotropical epiphyte diversity (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Vertical zonation of epiphytes in the canopy is a result of different ecophysiological traits.
		In contrast, alpha diversity of epiphytes in the Amazonian lowlands is low, but the number of epiphyte species increases gradually with area.
		Dispersal and pollination tend to be highly effective in epiphytes because of their adaptation to the epiphytic habitat.
	www.trophort.com /information/data/B01/S23/NIE99PAT66X2071.html (298 words)

	IngentaConnect Conservation of Vascular Epiphyte Diversity in Mexican Coffee Pla... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The number of epiphytic species in traditional polycultures with old shade trees, mostly of the genus Inga, was similar to that in forests, but plantations with small trees and sparse shade hosted fewer epiphytes than those with large trees.
		Epiphyte communities were, however, more homogeneous in coffee plantations than in forests, possibly because of a drier microclimate and the lack of large and long-lived trees.
		These results demonstrate the value of traditional polycultures for epiphyte diversity, show the importance of conserving large shade trees, and suggest that these coffee systems may not be suitable for all epiphytes.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /search/article?title=estimacion&title_type=tka&year_from=1998&year_to=2005&database=1&pageSize=20&index=9 (290 words)

	Epiphyte
		Lichens are the dominant form of vegetation on eight per cent of the earth's land surface, and a major contributor of nutrients to barren environments such as desert and tundra.
		Epiphytes, plants that grow on other plants, are essential to forest ecosystems.
		epiphytes • forest • ecosystems • conservation • ecology
	www.suite101.com /reference/epiphyte (174 words)

	Tropical Turtle Pond & Epiphyte Waterfall < Virtual Tour < BioTrek
		Water splashes through rock clefts covered with epiphytic plants into a quiet pool that is home to tropical turtles.
		Epiphytes are plants that grow on other plants, not as parasites, but simply for support, as a way to grow higher in the canopy, and closer to the light.
		Epiphytes can be found throughout our rainforest, but this waterfall is their special display.
	www.csupomona.edu /~biotrek/tour/tour15.html (133 words)

	Australasian Native Orchid Society (ANOS Victoria, Australia) - Groups
		Epiphyte study group visiting George and Rosemary Ingram's shadehouse.
		The Epiphyte Study Group meets once a month.
		Activities usually involve visiting members and other epiphyte orchid growers to see the conditions they grow their orchids under.
	anosvic.org.au /ANOS_Vic_Groups.html (314 words)

	EIU BioSci Thut Greenhouse Epiphyte Room
		These do not require frequent misting, but require water within their central "cup." If you have been to the southern states, you will recognize the Spanish moss.
		Epiphytes - plants that grow upon other plants but do not parasitize them.
		The vanilla plants starts producing fruit only when it is mature, generally larger than 10 feet.
	www.eiu.edu /~egarden/gh_tour/epiphyte_room.htm (344 words)

	Australasian Native Orchid Society (ANOS Victoria, Australia) - Epiphyte Study Group
		The Epiphyte Study Group recently visited B and T Ferns and Orchids in Monbulk.
		Come and join the Epiphyte Study Group for their meeting at the home of Steve and Edith Bato.
		If you are interested in growing Australian native epiphyte orchids and would like to know the basics, click on this link to download a copy of the ANOS Vic.
	anosvic.org.au /ANOS_Vic_ESG.html (367 words)

	the red alga Prionitis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		While this may be all fine and dandy for the epiphyte, the indirect effects can be detrimental to the basiphyte*.
		Having epiphytes hanging off it also means there is a greater surface area for drag to act upon, thereby increasing the likelihood of Prionitis being ripped from its anchor in rough water.
		The young epiphyte, such as the one above left, attaches to Prionitis by way of rhizoids, root-like structures that anchor either to the surface of Prionitis or actually penetrate the basiphyte’s cortical layer, depending on the species of epiphyte.
	www.mbari.org /staff/conn/botany/reds/Aliceweb/epiphytes.html (614 words)

	CiteULike: Flit's epiphyte (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Vulnerabilities of tropical forests to climate change: The significance of resident epiphytes
		posted to co2 epiphyte herbivore mdb saprophytes tolerance vegetation_classification by Flit as
		Comparison of distributions of terrestrial and epiphytic African orchids: implications for conservation
	www.citeulike.org /user/Flit/tag/epiphyte (228 words)

	Epiphytes in Florida
		Commonly called "air plants" epiphytic plants include bromeliads, orchids, lichens, and some species of ferns and of cacti and succulents.
		A prominent native bromeliad of Florida is Spanish Moss which is seen draped over the branches of old liveoaks in the central and northern parts of the state, and in the Cypress trees of freshwater swamps.
		Robert Dressler is married to Kerry Dressler, a noted orchid, epiphyte, and overall ace bio-photographer who has braved essentially every rainforest in the world except Borneo.
	www.floridaplants.com /hort_epiphytes.htm (283 words)

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