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Topic: Erbium

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	Chemistry : Periodic Table : erbium : key information
		This sample is from The Elements Collection, an attractive and safely packaged collection of the 92 naturally occurring elements that is available for sale.
		Pure erbium metal is soft and malleable and has a bright, silvery, metallic lustre.
		Erbium metal is available commercially so it is not normally necessary to make it in the laboratory, which is just as well as it is difficult to isolate as the pure metal.
	www.webelements.com /webelements/elements/text/Er/key.html (389 words)

	erbium — Infoplease.com
		Natural erbium is a mixture of 6 stable isotopes; in addition, 10 radioactive isotopes are known.
		Erbia is a rose-colored oxide of erbium; it has been used to a very limited extent in glazes and glass as a coloring agent.
		Fairly pure erbium oxide was first isolated in 1905; fairly pure erbium was isolated in 1934.
	www.infoplease.com /encyclopedia/erbium (181 words)

	Laser trapping of erbium may lead to novel devices
		The erbium atoms can be trapped at a density that is high enough to be a good starting point for making a Bose-Einstein condensate, an unusual, very uniform state of matter used in NIST research on quantum computing.
		Cold trapped erbium also might be useful for producing single photons, the smallest particles of light, at wavelengths used in telecommunications.
		In addition, trapped erbium atoms might be used for "doping" semiconductors with small amounts of impurities to tailor their properties.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-04/nios-lto042806.php (478 words)

	Erbium (Er) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Erbium, a metallic element, was discovered in 1843 by Carl Gustav Mosander (a Swedish chemist).
		Erbium is used in experimental optical amplifiers that amplify light signals sent along fiber-optic cables.
		Erbium oxide is used to color glass and porcelain enamel glazes.
	www.bayerus.com /msms/fun/pages/periodic/erbium/index.html (102 words)

	Erbium \| World of Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Erbium is one of the rare earth elements found in Row 6 of the periodic table.
		Erbium is a typical metal with a bright, shiny surface.
		Erbium lasers are now being used to treat skin problems, such as removing wrinkles and scars.
	www.bookrags.com /research/erbium-woc (390 words)

	Erbium Mini Peel
		Erbium Weekend Microlaser Peel is a skin health and restoration treatment that promotes the growth of newer skin cells while removing the superficial damaged layers.
		The Erbium laser technology has replaced the older Carbon Dioxide CO2 lasers that were used in the mid-nineties.
		Erbium Weekend Microlaser Peel is a peel that utilizes laser technology to remove a controlled 30 millionths of an inch of skin tissue at a time.
	www8.utsouthwestern.edu /utsw/cda/dept16409/files/90284.html (1078 words)

	Erbium
		Erbium, one of the so-called rare-earth elements of the lanthanide series is found in a variety of minerals such as xenotime, fergusonite, gadolinite, euxenite, polycrase and blomstrandine.
		However it was not until 1934 that Klemm and Bommer produced reasonably pure erbium metal by the reducing the anhydrous chloride with potassium vapour.
		Naturally occurring erbium is a mixture of six (6) isotopes, all of which are stable.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=1127 (271 words)

	American Elements: Erbium Supplier & Technical Information
		Erbium has application in glass coloring, as an amplifier in fiber optics, and in lasers for medical and dental use.
		Erbium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder.
		Erbium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates.
	www.americanelements.com /er.html (531 words)

	Erbium (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Erbium is element number 68 on the periodic table.
		Erbium is one of the so-called rare earth elements on the lanthanide series.
		Erbium is uses in manufacturing safety glasses for welders and metal workers.
	home.earthlink.net /~danieldorsey/periodictable/068.htm (138 words)

	Erbium (Element) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Klemm and Bommer first produced Erbium metal in 1934 by reducing the anhydrous chloride with potassium vapor.
		Erbium is on the rare-earth elements and is found in the same minerals as Dysprosium.
		Erbium oxide is often used as a decorative touch on porcelain in which it is used as a glaze.
	www.tamuk.edu /chemistry/WebElements/erbium_element.htm (68 words)

	Erbium Summary (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Erbium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Er and atomic number 68.
		Erbium's properties are to a degree dictated by the kind and amount of impurities present.
		Erbium does not play any known biological role but is thought by some to be able to stimulate metabolism.
	www.bookrags.com /Erbium (2504 words)

	Er - Erbium
		As with otherrare-earth metals, its properties depend to a certain extent on the impurities present.The metal is fairly stable in air and does not oxidize as rapidly as some of the otherrare-earth metals.
		Naturally occurring erbium is a mixture of six isotopes, all of whichare stable.
		Erbium oxide gives a pink color and has been used as a colorantin glasses and porcelain enamel glazes.
	www.physlink.com /Reference/ChemicalElements/erbium.cfm (271 words)

	erbium (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Erbium - (Ytterby, a town in Sweden), Er; at.
		Naturally occurring erbium is a mixture of six isotopes, all of which are stable.
		Erbium oxide gives a pink color and has been used as a colorant in glasses and porcelain enamel glazes.
	www.speclab.com /elements/erbium.htm (304 words)

	Erbium (Er) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects
		Some erbium is added to alloys with metals such vanadium because it lowers their hardness, making them more workable.
		Due to its adsorption of infrared light, erbium is added to the glass of special safety spectacles for workers, such as welders and glass-blowers.
		Finally, due to its pink colour, erbium is sometimes used as a glass and porcelain enamel glaze colorant.
	www.lenntech.com /Periodic-chart-elements/Er-en.htm (300 words)

	Erbium
		Monazite and xenotime are the principal erbium ores, in which erbium occurs together with other members of the rare earth elements, or the lanthanides.
		Erbium chemistry is dominated by the trivalent erbium (III) ion, Er Its chemical behavior resembles that of yttrium and the heavy rare earth elements.
		Erbium is of importance to the technology of optical amplification in glass fibers.
	www.chemistryexplained.com /Di-Fa/Erbium.html (282 words)

	Erbium Laser is a tremendous advancement it meets both the patient's and physician's expectations - dr peppercorn
		The erbium can also be used for a well-blended result around the eyes and upper lip without the CO2 laser telltale line of demarcation.
		Because the erbium laser produces less heat, the risk for both hyper- and hypo-pigmentation is greatly reduced in comparison to other lasers.
		Our patients also appreciate the lower cost of erbium laser treatments which average approximately one half the fees of CO2 laser treatments (Year 2,000 full face erbium treatment is only $3,000 in our Yuba City, CA, facility which includes all anesthesia, operating room and post-op fees for one year).
	www.peppercorn-md.com /erbium.asp (618 words)

	Laser Cooling of Erbium Atoms (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A 401-nm laser beam (traveling from left to right) slows erbium atoms as the emerge from an oven at 1300°C. Motivated by a desire to expand our capabilities in making deterministic sources of atoms with a range of technologically significant species, we are investigating laser cooling of erbium atoms.
		Erbium is primarily interesting because of its optical properties as a rare earth dopant -; a deterministic source of erbium atoms could lead, for example, to controlled fabrication of novel single-atom photonic devices.
		Our studies have revealed, though, that erbium also has unique laser cooling properties that could lead to advances in quantum optics, quantum degenerate gases, cold collision studies, and atomic clocks.
	physics.nist.gov /Divisions/Div841/Gp3/Projects/Atom/erbium.html (391 words)

	The Little Chill
		Other researchers have seen the effect with other elements, but erbium would allow cooling at wavelengths and powers reachable by common laser diodes, suggesting that small refrigeration devices for electronics and other high-tech purposes might be possible.
		Erbium, though, has always been of interest to researchers, says Zameer Hasan of Temple University in Philadelphia, whose group has been working with erbium-doped materials.
		But erbium has a more complicated energy level scheme than the other two elements, which has made some researchers skeptical that a material could be engineered with the right set of atomic vibrations to make it work, Hasan says.
	focus.aps.org /story/v18/st2 (609 words)

	Erbium Laser Skin Resurfacing from The Plastic Surgery Group in Albany, NY
		Patients treated with an Erbium laser feel only mild discomfort during treatment and usually require only a topical anesthetic or none at all.
		Erbium patients also enjoy the tremendous benefits of healing within only a matter of days to a few weeks, instead of months.
		The Erbium laser has been designed to remove or noticeably decrease wrinkles and to improve the overall color and skin texture of the face, neck, and hands.
	www.theplasticsurgerygroup.net /spa/erbium-resurfacing.cfm (636 words)

	Erbium
		Erbium was discovered in 1843 by Carl Gustav Mosander who found the rare earth metal in a yellow
		Erbium oxides are often added to glass to form a pink glaze for ceramics.
		Erbium is a rare earth metal that is mostly found in the Mountains of Sweden.
	www.mvschools.org /ms/projects/html/red/erbium.htm (305 words)

	Welcome to The Country Hills Eye Center Online
		Erbium laser treatment also stimulates the production of collagen, creating a tightening and smoothing of the skin.
		Erbium laser often makes it possible to treat darker pigmented skin tones.
		Erbium laser can be used on face, neck, hands, and chest.
	www.checdocs.org /erbium.htm (454 words)

	Erbium Laser at Dermfx (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Erbium laser skin resurfacing is a procedure specifically designed to remove superficial and moderately deep lines and wrinkles on the face.
		The Erbium laser is the latest advance for the treatment of aging and sun-damaged skin.
		A variety of lasers may be used to treat a wide variety of other skin conditions including the removal of age spots, small blood vessels called telangiectasias or spider veins on the face and legs, freckles, tattoos, Port Wine stains, and stretch marks.
	www.dermfx.com /erbium.html (485 words)

	Erbium (Site not responding. Last check: )
		(Ytterby, a town in Sweden) Erbium, one of the so-called rare-earth elements on the lanthanide series, is found in the minerals mentioned under dysprosium.
		Added to vanadium, for example, erbium lowers the hardness and improves workability.
		The cost of 99+% erbium metal is about $650/kg.
	members.tripod.com /duebills/68.html (292 words)

	Erbium
		Erbium is named after the village of "Ytterby" near Vaxholm in Sweden.
		Erbium is found in nature in a number of different minerals.
		Erbium oxide is pink and is a colorant in glasses and porcelain enamel glazes.
	www.chem.shef.ac.uk /chm131-2002/cha02nis/68.html (244 words)

	friendlylight_erbium
		Erbium skin resurfacing is the most efficient modern procedure to treat sun damaged skin as well as superficial and moderately deep wrinkles on the face, neck, chest and hands.
		FriendlyLight Erbium can be used on a full face or on a small area for resurfacing without producing a demarcation line.
		Erbium and Nd:YAG (1064nm) lasers are very popular because they deliver high energy to selective tissue targets (e.g., melanin, hemoglobin, water).
	www.friendlylight.net /friendlylight_erbium.htm (1724 words)

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