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Topic: Estrus

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	Induction of Estrus in Dogs - WSAVA 2002
		Those results have been interpreted to suggest that it is LH that is the endocrine factor which is deficient in anestrus and the more important of the gonadotrophins in the process of transition from anestrus to proestrus.
		Rapid Induction of Estrus With GnRH and GnRH Agonists
		Estrus induction in normal and persistent anestrus dogs by administration of human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG).
	www.vin.com /proceedings/Proceedings.plx?CID=WSAVA2002&PID=2680 (2356 words)

	Influence of GnRH and Estradiol on Estrus and Luteal Activity of Anestrous Postpartum Beef Cows
		First postpartum estrus in beef cows is usually preceded by a transient increase in plasma progesterone and is followed by a normal luteal phase (Perry et al., 1991; Looper et al, 2003).
		The incidence of estrus during 7 to 20d and luteal activity during d 11 to 20 after treatment with estradiol or GnRH is summarized in Table 1.
		Incidence of estrus and luteal activity in postpartum beef cows within d 1-20
	www.ansi.okstate.edu /research/2004rr/21/21.htm (1160 words)

	Electronic estrus detector (US4895165)
		An electronic estrus detector that may be affixed to the back of a cow comprises a tapeswitch connected to a counter for storage and display of number of mounts by another cow.
		When a cow mounts another cow equipped with the estrus detector, the impact of the mounting cow upon the monitored cow closes the tapeswitch and increments the counter, such that the contents of the counter indicate the estrus condition of the monitored cow.
		In a second embodiment, a modified electronic estrus detector indicates estrus condition based upon satisfaction of a mount-second index.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US04895165__ (408 words)

	Relationship of Sow Nutrition and Post-weaning Return to Estrus
		On commercial swine breeding farms, it is expected that a large percentage of sows exhibit a fertile estrus within 3 to 8 days after weaning.
		Delayed return to estrus has a major negative impact on breeding herd efficiency by disruption of breeding schedules, increasing "non-productive sow days," reducing pigs produced per sow per year, and perhaps causing premature culling of sows with good genetic potential for milk production and heavy litter weights.
		Of special importance for rapid post-weaning return to estrus is adequate energy and protein (amino acids) density of the sow diet.
	www.ext.vt.edu /news/periodicals/livestock/aps-99_04/aps-0055.html (1190 words)

	Estrus Comics by MariNaomi
		All said, Estrus Comics is a fun, well-told comic.
		Estrus Comics is a collection of mostly autobiographical stories by MariNaomi.
		Estrus 4 is the latest issue, published in June of 2006 and containing forty pages of sequential art, including the new “Ex Factor” series (pictured), as well as other stories.
	www.marinaomi.com /estrus.html (741 words)

	The Microinjection Workshop (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Estrus - coloration of the tissues is less intensely pink, with striations visible on the dorsal and ventral vaginal lips with pronounced swelling.
		However, the synchronization of estrus cycle by several individuals that are group housed may cause considerable variation in the numbers obtained at any given time, as the mean duration of the estrus cycle for most murine strains is 4 to 5 days.
		It should be noted that mice housed together for some time will synchronize their estrus cycles to the dominant female in the cage, and that 'clustering' of nearby cages with respect to estrus cycles can also be observed.
	members.cox.net /microinjectionworkshop/technical/estrus.html (365 words)

	Estrus - Definition, explanation
		Estrus (also spelled œstrus) or heat in female placental mammals eutherians is the period of greatest female sexual responsiveness usually coinciding with ovulation.
		The period of estrus in the female is preceded by an increase in estrogen (also spelled œstrogen).
		Estrus is one of the phases of the estrus cycle and preceeded by proestrus and followed by metestrus and diestrus.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/e/es/estrus.php (511 words)

	Fline Estrous Cycle
		Estrus is defined as the period of sexual receptivity.
		Estrus lasts 3 to 16 days (average of 7) and then subsides for 3 to 14 days (average of 9 days).
		The length of estrus is not affected by breeding or ovulation.
	www.vetmed.lsu.edu /eiltslotus/theriogenology-5361/filne_e.htm (1385 words)

	Hormonal Control of Estrus: Introduction - The Merck Veterinary Manual
		Estrus may also be synchronized in cycling or anestrous does and ewes by administration of progestagens; impregnated vaginal pessaries have been the most widely used agents for control of ovulation but are not currently available for clinical use in the USA.
		Estrus may also be synchronized by feeding altrenogest (15-20 mg, PO, sid for 14-18 days) or by using bovine norgestomet implants (one implant followed by addition of a second implant 9 days later) removed 19 days after initiation of treatment; neither treatment is currently approved in the USA for swine.
		Estrus is seen in 2-9 mo (typically 5-6 mo); fertility is not affected.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/182200.htm (1989 words)

	Estrus Alert Heat Detector Contact Us - Heat Detection (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Estrus Alert® is still the best, most-proven, heat detection device for bovines on the market today.
		Estrus Alert® “U-Glue” is the same great product but allows users to modify glue applications for better retention-rates in all kinds of environments.
		Estrus Alert® can now be applied without the added costs of labor for intense cleaning of the animal.
	www.estrusalert.net /contact.html (183 words)

	Cattle Today: MGA CAN IMPROVE A.I. AND ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION RESULTS
		Animals should be observed for signs of behavioral estrus each day of the feeding period.
		Keep in mind that animals exhibiting estrus during the feeding period have not consumed adequate levels of MGA on a daily basis.
		The MGA Select system, which is suggested for use in large groups of cows (100 head or more), is useful for maximizing estrus response and reproductive performance in beef cows.
	www.cattletoday.com /archive/2003/February/CT255.shtml (1170 words)

	Monitoring Estrus for Frozen Semen Use
		If you have a mare who you are sure is just entering estrus, it is safe to wait until about day three of the cycle before a veterinarian is needed to evaluate her state.
		This means that it is not a guaranteed method of inducing timely estrus, as if the mare is producing what in effect becomes a mid-cycle ovulation, it will throw her natural cyclical activity into an erratic state.
		Where the problems arise, are in the mares that do not respond to the hormone use as anticipated, most commonly as a result of the hormones being administered at the wrong point in her cycle (especially PGF2α), or the presence of a large mid-cycle follicle.
	www.equine-reproduction.com /articles/moni.htm (2171 words)

	Beef Cattle Production: Synchronizing Estrus In Beef Cattle (Nov-14-01)
		The estrus that occurs immediately after MGA feeding subfertile and females should not be bred on this estrus.
		To assure satisfactory synchronization of estrus, an injection of prostaglandin must be given to all females one day before the removal of the vaginal insert.
		A new method for synchronizing estrus in mature beef cows (not for heifers) is to administer a GnRH injection followed one week later by an injection of prostaglandin (Figure 7).
	beef.unl.edu /learning/estrussynch.shtml (1699 words)

	Definition of estrus - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "estrus" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "estrus" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "estrus" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=estrus (74 words)

	P2207 Successful Insemination Through Estrus Synchronization
		Many producers have tried estrus synchronization programs but with limited success; often they end up with fewer than half of their cows responding to synchronization attempts.
		The nursing stimulus tends to decrease response to estrus synchronization.
		Estrus synchronization and AI can effectively improve the genetics in your herd, shorten the breeding and calving seasons, concentrate your labor and efforts, produce a more uniform, consistent calf crop, and increase income from your calves.
	msucares.com /pubs/publications/p2207.htm (2130 words)

	Methods for Estrus Control
		Perhaps the simplest procedure for regulating estrus is the introduction of a mature ram into a flock of acyclic ewes just before onset of their normal breeding season or exposure of near pubertal gilts to a boar.
		Successful induction of estrus in some animals has also been reported soon after placing bulls with groups of postpartum cows or apparently acyclic heifers, but the effectiveness of this treatment is still questionable.
		The occurrence of estrus can be regulated by giving progesterone or some other progestagen compounds with similar biological activity for extended periods to cycling females.
	www.aps.uoguelph.ca /~gking/Ag_2350/estrus_control.htm (3179 words)

	Irregularities of Estrus and Anestrus - The Merck Veterinary Manual
		Aids in estrus detection that are valuable adjuncts to the heat-detection program include chalk marks on the tailhead, chemically or electronically activated devices attached to the tailhead of the cow that reveal when other cows have mounted, and a vaginal probe that measures the electrical conductivity of the vaginal mucus.
		Estrus is evidenced by the presence of a palpable follicle, an absent or regressed CL, and firm uterine tone.
		Breeding is done either on signs of estrus, or heifers are bred once at 60 hr and lactating cows are bred once at 72 hr after prostaglandin injection.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/181404.htm (825 words)

	Estrus in Swine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Understanding and managing estrus in swine is important because estrus may be thought of as the starting point of the swine herd life cycle.
		Knowing when estrus will occur, detecting it, and inseminating the female 12-26 hours after onset of standing heat (estrus) so that the sperm are deposited before ovulation will ensure high conception rates and low repeat breeders.
		Estrus detection can be improved by observing sow behavior while the boar is given direct contact with the sow.
	cal.vet.upenn.edu /swine/bio/fem/estr/hm.html (419 words)

	Synchronizing Estrus In Beef Cattle, EC00-279-A
		Females that are detected in estrus should be inseminated 12 hours later.
		Syncro-Mate B is effective in synchronizing estrus in cyclic cows and heifers.
		A few cows (~8 percent) will exhibit estrus 36 hours before the prostaglandin injection, but the peak estrous response will be 2-3 days after the prostaglandin injection.
	ianrpubs.unl.edu /beef/ec279.htm (3655 words)

	estrus and hips
		There is not enough strong scientific evidence that estrus affects the laxity of the joints, despite what we used to think.
		If estrus affects ANYthing, it would be in the OFA-type legs-extended position, but that has not been shown to have statistical significance in any really controlled study.
		That was a prospective study of fluctuating hormone levels throughout the estrus cycle and the effect on hip joint laxity.
	www.gsdhelpline.com /hipeso.htm (1177 words)

	Timing and Frequency of Mating, Duration of Estrus
		Firstly, the duration of estrus was inversely related to the weaning-to-estrous interval.
		In other words, sows that exhibit estrus within a short time period after weaning are sexually receptive for longer periods of times than their counterparts which have extended weaning-to-estrous intervals.
		Secondly, although the length of estrus varied among animals, ovulation consistently occurred at 71% of the duration of estrous.
	mark.asci.ncsu.edu /SwineReports/2000/flowers2.htm (934 words)

	Resynchronization of estrus in cattle of unknown pregnancy status using estrogen, progesterone, or both -- Stevenson et ...
		Estrus, ovarian, and hormonal responses after resynchronization with progesterone and estrogen in lactating dairy cows of unknown pregnancy status.
		Estrus and luteal function in suckled beef cows that were anestrous when treated with an intravaginal device containing progesterone with or without a subsequent injection of estradiol benzoate.
		Synchronization of estrus in cattle with an oral progestational agent and an injection of an estrogen.
	jas.fass.org /cgi/content/full/81/7/1681 (6930 words)

	Controlling Estrus and Ovulation
		Estrus induction averaged 66% and was not different between treatments.
		In fertile sows that showed estrus within the week after weaning and were mated, the lower farrowing rate of the OvuGel-96 treated sows was attributed to the interval from last insemination to ovulation being less than optimal (-28 hours) compared to controls (-24 hours).
		The results of these two studies indicate that when OvuGel is given to fertile sows, estrus and ovulation intervals are shortened and farrowing rates and litter sizes are similar to AI based on estrus.
	nationalhogfarmer.com /mag/farming_controlling_estrus_ovulation (1189 words)

	Estrus Synchronization and Pregnancy Rates of Beef Cows Administered... (Illini BeefNet)
		But in order for estrus synchronization to become more valuable among beef cow-calf producers, a program needs to be able to synchronize estrus in beef females accurately, for a low cost, and with minimal animal handling.
		All females were administered SMB for estrus synchronization, the hydron implant was administered subcutaneously to the convex surface of the middle one-third of the ear.
		Estrus synchronization and pregnancy data were analyzed as a chi-square analysis as described by Cochran and Cox (1957) with animals fed MGA or not fed MGA, and estrous cycles as anestrous or estrus-cycling, as main effects.
	www.livestocktrail.uiuc.edu /beefnet/paperDisplay.cfm?Type=Both&ContentID=22 (1903 words)

	P2207 Successful Insemination Through Estrus Synchronization
		Many producers have tried estrus synchronization programs but with limited success; often they end up with fewer than half of their cows responding to synchronization attempts.
		The nursing stimulus tends to decrease response to estrus synchronization.
		Estrus synchronization and AI can effectively improve the genetics in your herd, shorten the breeding and calving seasons, concentrate your labor and efforts, produce a more uniform, consistent calf crop, and increase income from your calves.
	www.msucares.com /pubs/publications/p2207.htm (2130 words)

	Estrus Induction In Dogs: Approaches, Protocols and Applications
		Most are probably not appropriate for application in healthy, normally cycling bitches, despite interest in shortening and synchronizing cycles for purposes of accommodating owners schedules, the availability of stud dogs, or the shipments of chilled or frozen semen, or for purposes of increasing the number, frequency or size of litters in such animals.
		Throughout most of the 5 to 20 or more days of proestrus there is a progressive increase in circulating estradiol from a cohort of rapidly developing ovarian follicles, and a progressive decline in LH and FSH concentrations as a result of the inhibitory effects of estradiol and inhibin form the ovaries on pituitary gondadotropin secretion.
		Estrus induction protocols are sufficiently variable in results that they are probably not appropriate to electively terminate anestrus in normal cycling dogs because a failure is likely to cause a cycle interruption with unknown consequences and a delay in an otherwise normal ovarian cycle.
	www.lowchensaustralia.com /breeding/induction.htm (2654 words)

	Estrus Detection Bovine Reproduction Research
		Estrus detection remains a critical problem in dairy cattle reproduction.
		Poor estrus detection is a major problem for the AI industry because missed estruses represent lost opportunities for use of semen from genetically superior bulls.
		The problem of estrus detection in large herds is partially eliminated through development of practical systems of ovulation synchronization to allow accurate prediction of optimal breeding times.
	www.animal.ufl.edu /thatcher/estrus.htm (202 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Estrus synchronization is a management technique which makes use of hormones to control, or reschedule, the estrus cycle.
		Estrus synchronization is not a substitute for poor reproductive management.
		Furthermore, some cows will appear to be in estrus for abnormally long periods due to sympathetic behavioral responses to other members of the herd.
	web1.msue.msu.edu /msue/imp/modaa/23280001.html (1477 words)

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