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Topic: Eugenics

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	Eugenics Watch
		Roots of Racism and Abortion: An Exploration of Eugenics.
		Eugenics is dedicated to the proposition that all men are created unequal and the food is running short; that, in the struggle for food, those who have an inherited advantage prevail and pass the advantage on to their children who prevail even more; that this is how evolution, Yale and the English aristocracy happened.
		A description of the eugenic societies and a description of their present strategy is the goal of the work of Eugenics Watch.
	www.eugenics-watch.com (2321 words)

	Future Generations
		The Case for Eugenics in a Nutshell, by Marian Van Court
		Eugenics: Economics for the Long Run, by Edward M. Miller
		Whether you support eugenics, oppose it, or are merely interested in learning more about it, we welcome you to participate in our discussion group.
	www.eugenics.net (440 words)

	Eugenics - a planned evolution for life.
		Eugenics, as it is perceived today, began in the last half of the nineteenth century primarily due to the efforts of Thomas Malthus, a preacher and Herbert Spencer, a sociologist.
		The history of eugenics in the 20th century suggests this is a legitimate fear.
		Eugenics as a science became a torture machine for social inquisitions, and ceased being a science.
	www.onelife.com /ethics/eugenics.html (4724 words)

	Eugenics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Many of their concerns for eugenics and racial hygiene were also explicitly present in their systematic killing of millions of "undesirable" people including Jews, gypsies, Jehovah's Witnesses and homosexuals during the Holocaust (and much of the killing equipment and methods employed in the death camps were first developed in their euthanasia program).
		Eugenic measures against many of the latter diseases are already being undertaken in societies around the world, while measures against traits that affect more subtle, poorly understood traits, such as risk-taking, are relegated to the realm of speculation and science fiction.
		Eugenic policies could also lead to loss of genetic diversity, in which case a culturally accepted improvement of the gene pool may, but would not necessarily, result in biological disaster due to increased vulnerability to disease, reduced ability to adapt to environmental change and other factors both known and unknown.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eugenics (6616 words)

	Eugenics
		Eugenics means selective breeding -- not in the sense that you are individually selective regarding persons with whom you breed, but rather that someone else is pulling the strings in order to get a specific result.
		Eugenics techniques are used all over the world, every day, for all manner of God's creatures, but if you try using them on humans, people get very upset.
		The American eugenics movement took on steam with the discovery of genetic coding and the rise of such revolutionary figures as Margaret Sanger, a nurse who has been lionized by history and the abortion rights movement as an early advocate of contraception education.
	www.rotten.com /library/medicine/eugenics (2361 words)

	Eugenics - Wikimedia Commons
		Eugenics is a social philosophy (sometimes labeled a "science") which advocates the manipulation of human reproduction for the purposes of attempting to improve the human species over generations in regards to hereditary features.
		It was first put forth in the late 19th century by Sir Francis Galton, and was popular in scientific and political circles in Europe and the USA during the first decades of the twentieth century.
		Modern inquiries into the potential use of genetic engineering have led to an increased invocation of the history of eugenics in the discourse of bioethics, usually as a cautionary tale.
	commons.wikimedia.org /wiki/Eugenics (180 words)

	American Eugenics Society Scrapbook
		When Francis Galton coined the term eugenics in the 1890s, it is doubtful that he could have foreseen the power the movement would accrue in America during the first half of the 20th century.
		Eugenical lobbying also contributed to the powerful anti-immigration movement of the 1910s and 1920s, using their scientific studies to support the claim that non-whites and immigrants were inferior to native-born white Americans in intelligence, physical condition, and moral stature.
		The American Eugenics Society was founded in 1926 by Harry Crampton, Harry H. Laughlin, Madison Grant, and Henry Fairfield Osborn with the express purpose of spearheading the eugenical movement.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/exhibits/treasures/aes.htm (688 words)

	Eugenics and Australia - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The word eugenics is used to describe the idea or practice of encouraging those people with desirable mental or physical traits to produce the most progeny.
		This was partly due to the misuse of eugenics by Nazi Germany.
		This was partly in reaction to the eugenic policies of Nazi Germany and partly due to the egalitarian ideas favoured by the academic community.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?p=875919 (5083 words)

	Men Behind Hitler - Chapter II
		In 1908 the Eugenics Education Society (renamed the Eugenics Society in the 20's) was founded in England and in 1910 the Eugenic Record Office in the United States.
		She had been an active member of the Eugenics Society before the foundation of the National Council for Mental Hygiene, of which she was an officer and founder, and finally was recognised as leader of the Mental Hygiene movement as a whole.
		As the original supposed purpose of the mental hygiene movement was improved care of the mentally ill, it is strikingly odd that the first laws passed on an international basis at the instigation of the mental hygiene movement were laws to sterilise the mentally ill and prevent them from reproducing.
	www.toolan.com /hitler/survive.html (3594 words)

	ESSAYS ON SCIENCE AND SOCIETY: Is a New Eugenics Afoot? -- Allen 294 (5540): 59 -- Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The term eugenics was coined in 1883 by the Victorian polymath Francis Galton, geographer, statistician, and first cousin of Charles Darwin.
		Eugenics became solidified into a movement in various countries throughout the world in the first three decades of the 20th century, but nowhere more solidly than in the United States and, after World War I, in Germany.
		The early 20th-century eugenics movement was a product of a particular economic, social, and scientific context: a highly transitional period in American economic and industrial expansion, the advent of a new genetic paradigm, and the ideology of rational management by scientifically trained experts.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/294/5540/59 (2222 words)

	War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America's Campaign to Create a Master Race Ethics & Medicine - Find Articles
		This led to two separate but complementary tracks of eugenics: positive eugenics, which encouraged mass procreation of the "best" people, and negative eugenics, which sought to eliminate reproduction among the unfit by means of sterilization, segregation, and similar coercive methods.
		Eugenics began in Britain but quickly moved to the United States, where the ideology is picked up by a number of influential scientists and foundations, including the Rockefellers and the Carnegies.
		American concepts of eugenics, infused as they were with racism and prejudice against the poor and disabled, were taken up by other nations and influenced international public policy.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4004/is_200404/ai_n9348597 (737 words)

	Eugenics - SourceWatch
		The word eugenics (from the Greek eugenes or wellborn) was coined in 1883 by Francis Galton, an Englishman and cousin of Charles Darwin, who applied Darwinian science to develop theories about heredity and good or noble birth.
		The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics was founded in 1927; by 1933 a sterilization law which had been entitled "Eugenics in the service of public welfare" indicated compulsory sterilization "for the prevention of progeny with hereditary defects" in cases of "congenital mental defects, schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, hereditary epilepsy...
		Eugenics and The Misuse of Genetic Information to Restrict Reproductive Freedom, Statement of the Board of Directors of the American Society of Human Genetics, October 1998.
	www.sourcewatch.org /index.php?title=Eugenics (2211 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Eugenics
		The root difference between Catholic teaching and that of modern eugenics is that the one places the final end of man in eternal life, whilst the other places it in civic worth.
		Moreover, since the most necessary and most difficult eugenic reforms consist in the control of the sex appetite, the practice of celibacy is an important factor in race culture.
		It was divided into four chief divisions: (1) the bearing upon eugenics of biological research, (2) the bearing upon eugenics of sociological and historical research, (3) the bearing upon eugenics of legislation and social customs, (4) the consideration of the practical applications of eugenic principles.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/16038b.htm (1451 words)

	ISAR - Brief History of European and American Eugenics Movements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The American Eugenics Society was initially organized as the Eugenics Committee of the United States by the Executive Committee of the Second International Congress of Eugenics.
		The conference testifies to the fact that the science of genetics was still intricately interwoven with eugenics and that the cutting edge of the science of genetics was also the cutting edge for the scientific justification of racism.
		The Russian Eugenics Society was led by N.I. Vavilov.11 A Eugenics Bureau was established under the auspices of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1922.12 The Russian eugenicists published two journals, The Russian Eugenics Journal and the Bulletin of the Bureau of Eugenics.
	www.ferris.edu /isar/arcade/eugenics/movement.htm (2662 words)

	A Simple Act of mothering….
		As a final sad note to the maternal blood line of the Bucks, young Vivian, who died in 1932 at the age of 9 (cause of death cited as "illness"?) was called "very bright" by her teachers.
		Between 1915 and 1979 (when the last eugenics language was removed form State law) more than 8000 children in the state of Virginia were sterilized because the state decided they were unfit to reproduce.
		In 1922 Laughlin, acting as Eugenics agent of the US house of representatives published the Model Eugenical Sterilization law which defined who would be subjected to mandatory sterilization.
	www.poormagazine.com /public_html/columns/column_91.html (2462 words)

	Eugenics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Eugenics combines evolutionary theory and a theory of human heredity to focus political concerns about population policy and control, according to Weingart who holds that both scientists and politicians used eugenics to advance their causes.
		Soloway, Richard A. Demography and Degeneration: Eugenics and the Declining Birthrate in Twentieth-Century Britain.
		Stepan examines eugenics in Latin America as a science of heredity that was shaped by political, institutional and cultural factors, and also as a social movement with an explicit set of policy proposals that seemed to eugenicists to be logically formed from hereditarian science.
	www.georgetown.edu /research/nrcbl/publications/scopenotes/sn28.htm (8866 words)

	Study Says US Eugenics Paralleled Nazi Germany
		Forced sterilization was legal in 18 U.S. states, and most states with eugenics laws allowed people to be sterilized without their consent by leaving the decision to a third party.
		Eugenics sprang from the philosophy of social Darwinism, which envisioned human society in terms of natural selection and suggested that science could engineer progress by attacking supposedly hereditary problems including moral decadence, crime, venereal disease, tuberculosis and alcoholism.
		German and American eugenics advocates both believed science could solve social problems, tended to measure the worth of the individual in economic terms and felt mental illness a threat to society grave enough to warrant compulsive sterilization.
	www.rense.com /health3/useugenics.htm (631 words)

	EUGENICS AND THE LEFT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Eugenics, however, was popular science generally in the first half of the 20th century.
		The few real critics of eugenics in the early 20th century were mainly conservatives and Christians like G.K. Chesterton who saw eugenic planning as just another arm of the wider campaign to impose a "scientific" socialist planning.
		The association of eugenics with the Nazis is so strong that many people were surprised at the news several years ago that Sweden had sterilised around 60 000 people (mostly women) between the 1930s and 1970s.
	jonjayray.netfirms.com /lefteug2.html (4569 words)

	Margaret Quigley, The Roots of the I.Q. Debate: Eugenics and Social Control
		The eugenics movement was not monolithic: conservatives, progressives, and sex radicals were all allied within a fundamentally messianic movement of national salvation that was predicated upon scientific notions of innate and ineradicable inequalities between racial, cultural, and economic groups.
		In 1910, the Eugenics Record Office was established with Davenport as director and Henry H. Laughlin, key eugenicist and leader of the eugenical sterilization movement, as its superintendent.
		Eugenical family studies were an important component in the movement’s political development; family studies functioned as an objective, scientific basis for the twin myths of a feeble-minded menace and an impending white race suicide.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/45/034.html (4376 words)

	UVa-HSL :: Historical Collections : Eugenics
		Negative eugenics, as developed in the United States and Germany, played on fears of “race degeneration.” At a time when the working-class poor were reproducing at a greater rate than successful middle- and upper-class members of society, these ideas garnered considerable interest.
		Their view of eugenics, as applied to human populations, drew from the agricultural model of breeding the strongest and most capable members of a species while making certain that the weakest members do not reproduce.
		The American Eugenics Society presented eugenics exhibits at state fairs throughout the country, and provided information encouraging “high-grade” people to reproduce at a greater rate for the benefit of society.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /internet/library/historical/eugenics/2-origins.cfm (845 words)

	Evolution: Darwin: In the Name of Darwin
		This essay examines the history of eugenics and considers modern genetic research in the same light, so that the lessons of history are not forgotten.
		Eugenics was rooted in the social Darwinism of the late 19th century, a period in which notions of fitness, competition, and biological rationalizations of inequality were popular.
		Francis Galton, a cousin of Charles Darwin, to promote the ideal of perfecting the human race by, as he put it, getting rid of its "undesirables" while multiplying its "desirables" -- that is, by encouraging the procreation of the social Darwinian fit and discouraging that of the unfit.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/evolution/darwin/nameof/index.html (422 words)

	Some Approaches to Appreciating the Import of Eugenics for American Public Life in the 1920s
		At state fairs, for example, the Eugenics Society would set up exhibits at which visitors could answer questionnaires which would reveal their family's "fitness." Here, for example, is the winning "Average" family from the 1925 Big E (Eastern States) exposition in Massachusetts.
		One is the appropriation of eugenics research by the Ku Klux Klan to stigmatize Catholics, Jews, African Americans and others.
		A third is the use of eugenics themes and motifs in a long-term and highly successful advertising campaign created by the J. Walter Thompson agency for Lifebuoy® soap.
	www.assumption.edu /ahc/1920s/Eugenics/default.html (1574 words)

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