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Topic: Fetal

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Fetus

Fetal hemoglobin

Adaptation to extrauterine life

Circulatory system

Heart

Teratogenesis

Birth defect

Hemoglobin

Ectoderm

Patau syndrome

Transport protein

Chromosome

Uterus

DNA

Disease

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	Fetal Echocardiography
		However, a specialist in fetal echocardiography can study a baby's heart in great detail using a fetal echocardiogram.
		They should be considered for referral for a specialized fetal echocardiogram.
		fetal heart abnormalities detected during a routine pregnancy ultrasound scan
	www.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=4686 (158 words)

	Fetal hemoglobin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fetal hemoglobin (also hemoglobin F or HbF) is the main oxygen transport protein in the fetus during the last seven months of development in the womb.
		Functionally, fetal hemoglobin differs most from adult hemoglobin in that it is able to bind oxygen with greater affinity than the adult form, giving the developing fetus better access to oxygen from the mother's bloodstream.
		Notably, the P50 value for fetal hemoglobin (i.e., the partial pressure of oxygen at which the protein is 50% saturated; lower values indicate greater affinity) is roughly 19 mmHg, whereas adult hemoglobin has a value of approximately 26.8 mmHg.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fetal_hemoglobin (652 words)

	Fetus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The circulatory system of a human fetus works differently from that of born humans, mainly because the lungs are not in use: the fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mother through the placenta and the umbilical cord.
		The extra-hepatic portion of the fetal left umbilical vein becomes the adult ligamentum teres hepatis (the "round ligament of the liver").
		Fetal hemoglobin enhances the fetus' ability to draw oxygen from the placenta.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fetus (1022 words)

	Fetal Ultrasound
		Fetal ultrasound can be done by inserting the transducer into the woman's vagina (transvaginal), by moving the transducer across her abdomen (transabdominal), or by a combination of both ways.
		Fetal ultrasound is more accurate at determining fetal age during the first trimester (usually to within 5 days) than it is in the third trimester (usually to within 3 weeks).
		Fetal ultrasound may not be able to provide a clear picture of the fetus in a woman who is extremely overweight.
	my.webmd.com /hw/being_pregnant/hw4693.asp (1953 words)

	Electronic Fetal Monitoring - It's Time Has Not Yet Come
		The fetal heart rate deviations did contribute significantly to the percent variance accounted for in the regression analyses with neonatal outcomes of Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes and serial neonatal neurologic examinations.
		Although mean estimates for baseline and nadir of the fetal heart rate and duration of the deceleration were not significantly different from the actual values, individual estimates of the three parameters were widely distributed.
		The perinatal death rate related to fetal hypoxia was significantly less in the EFM group (zero of 746 versus six of 682; P =.03).
	www.changesurfer.com /Hlth/EFM.html (3422 words)

	Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) - Adoption Encyclopedia
		Children with fetal alcohol syndrome are often premature and underweight with small heads and are likely to remain unusually small and thin.
		The study concluded that fetal alcohol exposure was a risk factor for adult use of nicotine, alcohol and drug dependence.
		Dorris believed the rate of fetal alcohol syndrome was a serious problem among some tribes and was also an often unrecognized problem among all races in the United States.
	encyclopedia.adoption.com /entry/fetal-alcohol-syndrome-FAS/140/1.html (1850 words)

	Dr. Koop - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome- Health Encyclopedia and Reference
		In 1973, Jones and Smith coined the term "fetal alcohol syndrome" (FAS) to describe a pattern of abnormalities observed in children born to mothers who drink alcohol.
		Evidence suggests that the morphologic and functional deficits observed in children with fetal alcohol syndrome are related to two concepts - the timing of the toxic event ("critical period") and the peak alcohol concentrations ("critical dosage").
		All mothers who drink alcohol are at risk of causing fetal alcohol syndrome in their unborn child.
	www.drkoop.com /encyclopedia/43/507.html (627 words)

	Introduction - Fetal Tumors
		Fetal tumors are rare, but are associated with serious illness or even death in the fetal or neonatal period.
		For example, fetal goiter may cause obstruction of labor due to the size of the tumor and associated hyperextension of the fetal neck.
		Fetal and/or maternal exposure to exogenous factors, including ionizing irradiation, drugs and viruses, may start the biological mechanisms responsible for tumor formation (1).
	fetal-tumors.com /intro.htm (1507 words)

	American Family Physician: ACOG Guidelines on Antepartum Fetal Surveillance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The techniques of antepartum fetal surveillance, which are based on the assessment of fetal heart rate patterns, have been in clinical use for nearly 30 years.
		The contraction stress test is interpreted by the presence or absence of late fetal heart rate decelerations, which are defined as decelerations that reach their nadir after the peak of the contraction and that usually persist beyond the end of the contraction.
		Fetal heart rate decelerations that occur in the presence of contractions that are more frequent than every two minutes or last longer than 90 seconds.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_5_62/ai_65174235 (1220 words)

	Fetal Surgery - fetal surgery for spina bifida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Fetal surgery for myelomeningocele and the incidence of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus.
		Fetal surgery with coverage of the spinal cord in select cases may prevent progressive environmental injury to the somatic nervous system during the second half of gestation.
		Fetal reconstructive surgery: Experimental use of latissimus dorsi flap to correct myelomeningocele in utero.
	www.fetal-surgery.com /fs-research.htm (1670 words)

	Fetal Bond fetal doppler...monitor your baby's heartbeat at home with fetal heart monitor-free ultrasound card
		Fetal Bond fetal doppler monitors allow you to listen to your unborn baby's heartbeat at home.
		Fetal Bond fetal heart monitors utilize advanced ultrasound doppler technology to allow you to monitor your baby's heartbeat at home.
		Fetal Bond fetal dopplers are a wonderful way to bond with your baby, monitor the fetal heartbeat and let family and friends share in the joy of listening to your baby!
	www.fetalbond.com (251 words)

	Fetal Monitoring - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
		Fetal heart rate monitoring is a method of checking the rate and rhythm of the fetal heartbeat.
		The ultrasound transducer is attached to the abdomen with straps and transmits the fetal heartbeat to a recorder.
		Internal fetal monitoring involves inserting an electrode through the dilated cervix and attaching the electrode to the scalp of the fetus, called a fetal scalp electrode.
	www.chop.edu /consumer/your_child/condition_section_index.jsp?root_id=0&id=-8942 (391 words)

	Ovarian cyst
		Definition: Fetal ovarian cysts represent cystic lesion confined to the lower abdomen of a female fetus, when the stomach, bladder and both kidneys appear normal.
		Most cases of fetal ovarian cysts are diagnosed in late second trimester of pregnancy or in early third trimester.
		In cases where fetal ovarian cysts show evidence of in-utero torsion, induction of labor may be considered provided lung maturity has been established.
	fetal-tumors.com /ovarian.htm (278 words)

	Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
		Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a serious health problem that tragically affects its victims and their families, but that is completely preventable.
		Victims of fetal alcohol syndrome often experience mental health problems, disrupted school experience, inappropriate sexual behavior, trouble with the law, alcohol and drug problems, difficulty caring for themselves and their children, and homelessness.
		Not a single case of fetal alcohol syndrome occurred and no adverse effects on children were found when consumption was under 8.5 drinks per week.
	www2.potsdam.edu /hansondj/FAS/FAS.html (2530 words)

	Fetal Monitoring - California Pacific Medical Center's Women & Infants Center
		Fetal monitoring is by and large done electronically in birthing facilities.
		External fetal monitoring means that the baby's heartbeat is detected by placing a small round ultrasound (high-speed sound waves) disc with ultrasound gel on your abdomen and held in place by a lightweight stretchable band or belt.
		Continuous electronic fetal monitoring does limit your mobility regarding walking around, however, if you are able, sitting up in a chair or on the side of the bed with your legs supported are options to staying confined to lying in the bed.
	www.cpmc.org /services/pregnancy/information/fetal_monitoring.html (471 words)

	Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. - Donating Fetal Tissue For Medical Treatment And Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		During the 1950s, fetal tissue was used to help develop the polio vaccine and it was used later in the development of the rubella vaccine (Coutts, 1993).
		Embryonic cells and cells from fetal tissue grow much faster than cells from the tissue of adults, and they are easier to culture in the laboratory and in greater supply than adult tissue, all of which increase their therapeutic potential in treating certain diseases (Coutts, 1993; Weiss, 1999; NIH, 2001).
		Fetal liver cells and stem cells may be useful in treating leukemia and aplastic anemia.
	www.plannedparenthood.org /library/facts/fetaltis_010600.html (2740 words)

	Fetal Psychology
		Fifer has found that fetal heart rate slows when the mother is speaking, suggesting that the fetus not only hears and recognizes the sound, but is calmed by it.
		The fetus is likely responding to the cadence of voices and stories, not their actual words, observes Fifer, but the conclusion is the same: the fetus can listen, learn, and remember at some level, and, as with most babies and children, it likes the comfort and reassurance of the familiar.
		In the first formal study of fetal temperament in 1996, DiPietro and her colleagues recorded the heart rate and movements of 31 fetuses six times before birth and compared them to readings taken twice after birth.
	www.leaderu.com /orgs/tul/psychtoday9809.html (2683 words)

	Online Clinic
		Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is the leading identifiable cause of mental retardation in the United States.
		Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is an important cause of mental retardation and developmental disabilities.
		The prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in the Indian and Native population of the United States and Canada was consistently high across the ten studies.
	www.online-clinic.com /Content/FAS/fetal_alcohol_syndrome.asp (1965 words)

	OBGYN.net - Auditory Evoked Response Test to Evaluate Fetal Health
		A adequate method for measuring fetal response to auditory stimulation and correlating it with present or absent fetal risk factors was developed and the matured score ratings was able to separate normal response (scores 6 to 10) from abnormal responses (scores 0 to 5).
		This was obtained and in these papers he was able to detect early fetal distress, to discriminate, by the type of obtained response to sound stimulation early in labor, which the fetus was to be born vigorous or with low Apgar scores.
		Other major observations were also made, as the progressive decrease of fetal response to sound stimulation during labor and the protective effect of the membranes upon the intensity of fetal responses.
	www.obgyn.net /english/pubs/articles/auditory.htm (1060 words)

	Fetal Blood Sampling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Fetal blood sampling is a procedure to remove a small amount of blood from the fetus during pregnancy.
		In the past, fetal blood sampling was used only during labor through the mother's open cervix to test blood from the fetal scalp for oxygenation.
		Fetal blood sampling is a very complex procedure that must be performed by a specially trained physician.
	www.chw.org /display/PPF/DocID/3191/router.asp (354 words)

	Fetal heart monitoring - UMMC
		Normal values indicate that the fetus is not in distress by showing a fetal heart rate between 120 to 160 beats per minute, with variability of 5 to 25 beats per minute from the baseline or normal fetal heart rate.
		It is not uncommon for the fetal heart rate to drop slightly during a contraction, since placental blood supply is diminished under the compression of a uterine contraction, as long as the FHR recovers quickly once the contraction has stopped.
		Fetal heart block (where there is a block of electrical flow within the heart muscle causing an altered heart rhythm)
	www.umm.edu /ency/article/fetal_heart_monitoring_results_003405res.htm (262 words)

	New Device Approval
		Oxifirst should be used along with conventional electronic fetal monitoring when the fetal heart rate is "non-reassuring," that is, when it indicates that the baby may be in distress due to lack of adequate oxygen.
		It is hoped that the understanding of fetal condition during labor will improve as a result of the additional information that comes from measuring fetal oxygen levels with this new monitor.
		This indicates that clinical understanding of fetal condition during labor improved with the use of this new monitor.
	www.fda.gov /cdrh/mda/docs/p990053.html (418 words)

	AllRefer.com - fetal alcohol syndrome (Pathology) - Encyclopedia
		fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), pattern of physical, developmental, and psychological abnormalities seen in babies born to mothers who consumed alcohol during pregnancy.
		The abnormalities include low birthweight, facial deformities, and mental retardation, and there appears to be an association with impulsive behavior, anxiousness, and an inability on the part of the affected children to understand the consequences of their actions.
		When some but not all of these abnormalities are present, they are referred to as fetal alcohol effects (FAE).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/fetal-al.html (265 words)

	FamilyFun: Health Encyclopedia: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
		The term fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) refers to a cluster of physical, mental and behavioral abnormalities associated with prenatal exposure of the fetus to alcohol, which occurs when a pregnant woman drinks heavily.
		Fetal alcohol syndrome is one of the three most widely known causes of birth defects and mental retardation.
		Fetal alcohol effects are believed to occur in many more infants.
	familyfun.go.com /parenting/child/health/childhealth/dony79enc_fas (677 words)

	Monitoring FAQ - Childbirth.org
		Fetal monitoring is defined as watching the baby's heart rate for indicators of stress, usually during labor and birth.
		Electronic Fetal Monitoring: This is an ultrasound device used during labor and birth, or during certain testing (non-stress test, contraction stress test, etc.) to record the baby's heart rate, and sometimes mother's contractions.
		Internal Fetal Monitoring: It is an internal monitoring with an electrode attached to the baby's head to record heart tones, and a pressure catheter to record contractions.
	www.childbirth.org /articles/efmfaq.html (2948 words)

	Fetal Echocardiography
		Fetal echocardiography is a test using sound waves (ultrasound) to study the structure of your baby’s heart before birth.
		However, a fetal echocardiogram is a very detailed evaluation of your baby’s heart by a specialist in fetal echocardiography.
		However, some women should have a detailed fetal echocardiogram performed by a physician who is specially trained in fetal cardiac evaluation.
	www.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=3005386 (562 words)

	Fetal Hope Foundation: fetal development, fetal distresses and fetal syndromes. : Home
		Fetal Hope Foundation: fetal development, fetal distresses and fetal syndromes.
		The Fetal Hope Foundation's mission is to provide support, provide information, fund research, increase awareness and be an outlet for leading medical information pertaining to fetal distresses and syndromes.
		Fetal Hope, its staff, and its affiliates are not medical experts and information contained herein and through other means from Fetal Hope should not be used for medical diagnosis or medical advice.
	www.fetalhope.org (389 words)

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