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Topic: Flashover

	Flashover - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A flashover is the simultaneous ignition of all combustible material in an enclosed area.
		Flashover occurs when the majority of surfaces in a space are heated to the point (known as fire point) at which they give off flammable gases that are hot enough to sustain combustion.
		Flashovers is one of the most feared phenomenons among firefighters.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flashover (723 words)

	Flashover (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Flashover occurs when the majority of surfaces in a space are heated to the...
		Flashover signals several major changes in a fire and is the end of an...
		Flashover is a critical stage of fire growth for two reasons.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Flashover.html (733 words)

	BFRL: Program - Reduced Risk of Flashover (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This program aims to reduce the risk of flashover cost-effectively by enabling: new/improved materials whose fire resistance does not negatively impact performance, cost, or the environment; and early and certain fire and environment sensing and automatic fire suppression technologies compatible with occupants and the environment.
		Flashover is the dramatic and sudden transition from a relatively small, slowly developing fire, spreading systematically across adjacent fuel surfaces within a room, to a much larger and dangerous fire in which all flammable surfaces within the enclosure are involved.
		Estimates based on United States fire statistics indicate that the roughly 20 % of reported fires that transition to flashover are responsible for 80 % of the fire deaths and property damage in buildings.
	www.bfrl.nist.gov /goals_programs/prgmRRF.htm (433 words)

	Flashover
		The scientific definition of flashover states it is caused by the radiation feedback of heat.
		Flashover signals several major changes in a fire and is the end of an effective search and rescue in a room; It means the death of any person trapped in the blazing room - either civilians or firefighters.
		Rollover is another warning sign of flashover, which may be seen in the smoke coming out of the tops of doorways or window openings of burning rooms before flashover occurs.
	www.pleasanthillsfire.org /flashover_html.htm (1367 words)

	Flashover - Long Beach Fire Training RTM 1.1
		FLASHOVER is a leading cause of firefighter injuries and deaths (approximately 10% of firefighter deaths are a result of rapid fire development: flashovers, backdrafts and wind-driven flame fronts).
		FLASHOVER: Flashover may be defined as the ignition of combustible surfaces and/or gases in an area heated by convection and/or radiation, resulting in a sudden and intense rise in temperature.
		Flashover signals the death of any trapped victim or firefighter inside that particular burning room or area, and the end of any effective search or rescue operation, unless the fire is extinguished.
	www.lbfdtraining.com /RTM/Chapter3%20Fundamentals/flashover.html (1129 words)

	LA County Fire .com - Flashover
		The logic behind the tactic of not venting is flashover is delayed in a superheated room by starving the fire of oxygen, which slows down the combustion rate, which, in turn, slows down the build-up of heat in the room.
		An example of when you might close a door and not vent a fire to delay flashover would be when there is a delay in stretching a hoseline, all persons are out of the burning room, and it is too hot to enter for a search and rescue.
		After a flashover occurs, the point of no return is reached, a point beyond which a trapped firefighter will not survive and will not reach the door or window he or she entered.
	www.lacountyfire.com /modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=79 (1407 words)

	Trench effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The trench effect is a combination of two well-understood but separate ideas: the Coandă effect from fluid dynamics and the flashover concept from fire dynamics.
		Flashover is something that occurs when the majority of surfaces in a space are heated to the point at which they give off flammable gases that are hot enough to ignite themselves.
		Prior to flashover, flammable gases may be given off but are not hot enough to ignite themselves.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trench_effect (600 words)

	BookPage Fiction Review: Flashover
		Her husband is a high-ranking chief and a 20-year veteran of the department, and her research includes interviews with many of its members.
		Flashover, her second electrifying thriller, is dedicated to the 343 members of the FDNY who died in the September 11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center.
		This time she's investigating a series of deaths in fires that have reached "flashover" stage, the overwhelming combustion of a room and its contents by simultaneous ignition.
	www.bookpage.com /0205bp/fiction/flashover.html (359 words)

	The Church of St. Ignition
		The flashover simulator is like a metal trailer parked out on the wide concrete apron behind the burn building.
		Flashover, we had been lectured, is the point when the heat from a fire within a room becomes so intense that everything inside suddenly bursts into flame.
		The flashover simulator allows trainees to experience an actual flashover, and get a better understanding of the stages that lead up to it and how (if you are equipped with a hose) it can be forestalled long enough to get out.
	www.deadlysins.com /tales/001104.htm (988 words)

	Flashover Chamber (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Flashover is a condition in a fire where a room is heated to the point that EVERYTHING (combustibles, smoke, gases) from the ceiling to the floor bursts into flame.
		Most people who experience a flashover in a real fire do not live to tell about it, so it is a great opportunity for us to experience it in a controlled evironment.
		When the fire reaches its flashover point the entire raised container and the flened portion of the lower container are engulfed in the resulting flames.
	www.eurekaboy.com /icvfd/flashover.htm (338 words)

	Flashover: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Flashover occurs when the majority of surfaces in a space are heat heat quick summary:
		The classic example of flashover is where a piece of furniture furniture quick summary:
		Furniture is the collective term for the movable objects which support the human body (seating furniture and beds), provide storage, and hold objects on horizontal...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fl/flashover.htm (683 words)

	PHOENIX REGIONAL STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
		The flashover chamber has been designed specifically for the purpose of repeated live fire training evolution's and include safeguards that only become unacceptably hazardous through misuse and neglect.
		The number of personnel involved in training fires inside the flashover chamber shall be limited to ten (10) personnel.
		The flashover chamber shall be left in a safe condition upon completion of live fire training.
	www.phxskyharbor.com /FIRE/20214b.html (1408 words)

	Firefree 88 - FF88 is a fire resistant, intumescent coating proven to prevent fire penetration & flashover in ...
		As a result, FF88 has the proven ability to help fire containment by slowing both (i) the occurrence of flashovers and (ii) the fire from penetrating walls and ceilings, thus resulting in saving lives and preserving the structural integrity of the property.
		FF88 is the first coating to have passed the most stringent fire retardant tests: (i) the vertical flame spread/flashover (UBC 26-3 / UBC 8-2 room corner tests) and (ii) the Factory Mutual 4975 ceiling test, all of which have passed for a wide variety of materials.
		This concept of preventing flashover is documented in the numerous room corner tests that we have performed on numerous substrates.
	www.firefree.com /tech.htm (1765 words)

	Bookreporter.com - FLASHOVER by Suzanne Chazin
		As Suzanne Chazin points out in her Acknowledgments for her new novel, FLASHOVER, it is estimated that the 343 members of the Fire Department of the City of New York who perished saved an estimated 25,000 citizens.
		FLASHOVER is Chazin's second novel concerning FDNY Fire Marshal Georgia Skeehan; its sophomore status belies the strong, confident voice used to tell this tale of revenge and misplaced justice.
		This explains in part how she has come to know the inner workings of the FDNY --- indefatigable research accounts for the rest --- but the time, talent, and sweat so obviously poured into this labor of love are Chazin's alone.
	www.bookreporter.com /reviews/0399148507.asp (436 words)

	Flashover! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A flashover occurs at the stage of a fire at which all surfaces and objects within a space have been heated to their ignition temperature, and flame breaks out almost at once over the surface of all objects in the space.
		The first phase of flashover results from the ignition of flammable gases produced by combustion (primarily carbon monoxide) that have accumulated in the upper parts of the fire area.
		The next phase of flashover is the rollover or flaming of these gases near the ceiling.
	www.local1259iaff.org /flashover.html (286 words)

	AISC \| Active Matter Navigation Menu
		“Flashover” is an abrupt transition from the burning of a small number of items in the room, or a small portion of the room, to full-room involvement in a fire.
		Room fire flashover is in essence a state in which all the combustible contents of the room experience a nearly simultaneous ignition.
		Flashover is very unlikely to occur in sprinklered premises.
	www.aisc.org /Template.cfm?Section=Technical_Answers&template=/CustomSource/FAQContentDisplay.cfm&FAQID=2122&TA=1 (160 words)

	UCDFDfiresuppression
		When this occurs, the structure fire is at a critical point, either the fire has insufficient oxygen available to burn and it progresses back to the smoldering stage, or it has sufficient oxygen available to move on to the next stage.
		Second, flashover creates a huge jump in the rate of combustion, and a significantly greater amount of water is needed to reduce the burning material below its ignition temperature.
		Removing super heated smoke or gases in a burning building to prevent explosive concentrations and flashover, and to permit advancement of hose lines into effective positions to affect extinguishment.
	fire.ucdavis.edu /ucdfire/UCDFDfiresuppression.htm (937 words)

	LVFD Flashover Training (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		On Sat Feb 23, eight LVFD firefighters participated in Flashover training at the Montgomery County Fire Department training academy.
		Flashover occurs when everything is the room of fire origin reaches its ignition temperature and burst into flames.
		The training prepares firefighters to recognize and avoid flashover situation by preventing them or evacuating the location before being caught in a flashover.
	www.laurelvfd.org /flashover_training022302/training022302_mc.html (221 words)

	Fire Engineering - SURVIVAL TRAINING IN THE FLASHOVER SIMULATOR
		The primary goals of the flashover simulator are to teach firefighters to recognize the warning signs of flashover and realize the limits of their protective gear.
		The flashovers often pass directly over the trainees` heads, extending the full length of the observation module, even through the cracks between the personnel doors at the rear of the unit.
		Trainees in the flashover simulator should be encouraged to move a bit as heat begins to penetrate their turnout gear.
	fe.pennnet.com /Articles/Article_Display.cfm?Section=Archives&Subsection=Display&ARTICLE_ID=58465&KEYWORD=Training%20Props (4292 words)

	LarchmontGazette.com: Larchmont Firefighters Train in Flashover Simulator
		Lerner (a recent recruit featured in Fire Recruits Repay Community) and Sweeney were among two groups of Larchmont volunteer firefighters to attend a Fire Flashover training drill at the Rockland County Fire Training Center.
		Flashover occurs when a fire, confined to a space, produces intense heat, smoke and fumes.
		In the simulator, the trainers repeat the flashover conditions so that each trainee is exposed at the front of the simulator, and to illustrate various points about flashover development and firefighting technique.
	www.larchmontgazette.com /2003/features/20030115flashover.html (551 words)

	Flashover, Alaska Science Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Spectacular photographs of a flashover event appear in an article by John F. Kenahan in the January issue of SCIENCE 80.
		Plastic materials are particularly copious suppliers of the toxic and volatile gases that lead to flashover.
		House trailers and other mass-produced structures such as are found in northern construction camps and similar facilities typically have a goodly share of plastic fittings and furnishings.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF3/367.html (300 words)

	Accelerator Column Flashover Prevention
		The gun's "barrel" is a pair of cylindrical ceramic insulators, known as accelerator columns, made of pure alumina and capable of withstanding the high voltage.
		In an instant, an avalanche of electrons is rolling over the surface in a catastrophic flashover.
		One way to prevent flashover is to add some conductivity to the surface of the insulator, so charge can bleed away before it builds up.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/jefferson-flashover.html (891 words)

	FLASHOVER TERMINOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In it's generic sense the term 'flashover' is often used by firefighters to describe a range of events that culminate in rapid escalation of the fire - rapid fire progress - or even an explosion with accompanying pressure wave that breaks windows or pushes walls down.
		Whilst the first two events of flashover and backdraft are now well explained and defined in the scientific literature the events that fall into the third category of rapid fire progress have been subject to various research and studies that have proposed a wide range of terms to describe the same events.
		The 29 percent of voters who chose this option should remember that flashover is a heat-induced development of a fire where burning remains sustained.
	www.firetactics.com /FLASHOVER-TERMS.htm (1091 words)

	ipedia.com: Flashover Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Flashover occurs when the majority of surfaces in a space are heated to the point at which they give off flammab...
		Prior to flashover, flammable gases may be given off but are not hot enough to ignite without a spark.
		When the surface temperatures are high enough, these gases auto-ignite and (in the space of a few seconds) practically every surface in the room is on fire.
	www.ipedia.com /flashover.html (225 words)

	UCDFDfiresuppression
		If there is enough existing oxygen, usually near floor level, flashover occurs and everything in the room breaks out into open flame at once.
		A typical objective of fire service agencies is to maintain enough strategically located personnel and equipment so that the minimum acceptable response force can reach a reasonable number of fire scenes before flashover is likely.
		It is generally accepted among fire service professionals that flashover will occur between four and ten minutes from ignition of the fire.
	fire.ucdavis.edu /main/ucdfdfiresuppression.htm (937 words)

	Firehouse.Com - In The Line of Duty - 4/30/00 - Apparant Flashover at House Burning Traps, Kills Delaware Asst. Chief (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The source said a full investigation is underway and it was not yet determined whether Blankenship was using his breathing apparatus at the time of the apparant flashover.
		The death is the first fatality to a Delaware firefighter due to burns or injury at a fire scene in at least 20 years and only the fourth line of duty death in the state in that same time period.
		Blankenship's death will be the first in the state that is the direct result of fireground operations (burns or injury) in the last 20 years, during which the most complete information is available.
	www.firehouse.com /lodd/2000/delaware_apr30.html (782 words)

	The Leary Firefighters Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Flashover is the stage of a fire at which radiant heat from burning objects cause all combustible surfaces to reach their ignition temperature and the entire room erupts into flames.
		The flashover simulator gives firefighters the opportunity to observe the progression of fire from ignition to flashover in a controlled setting.
		By studying the conditions that lead to flashover, firefighters will be better prepared to recognize a potential flashover situation and determine the appropriate time to leave the fire area, increasing their chance of survival.
	www.learyfirefighters.org /dollars.html (569 words)

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