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	Ft. Sumter by William Hamilton
		Crisis at Fort Sumter, 1861- This is a massive, intensely integrated treatment of the Fort Sumter Crisis of November 1860 - April 1861 on the server at Tulane University.
		Fire at Ft. Sumter - December 11, 1863, Sumter's Confederate Garrison battles an unstopable underground fire and climbs from the burning ruins for a gesture of defiance which raises cheers from the surrounding Federal troops.
		The new museum being constructed in the fort is a jarring, air conditioned retreat from the Fort's harsh exterior.
	www.awod.com /gallery/probono/cwchas/sumter.html (1235 words)

	Fort Sumter
		During the formal surrender of Fort Sumter Private Daniel Hough dies when the cannon he was loading (for the Union's 100-gun salute to the U.S. flag) discharges prematurely.
		On December 27 Charleston awoke to an abandoned Fort Moultrie, its cannon spiked, and a force of federal soldiers commanding the harbor at Fort Sumter.
		During the surrender of Fort Sumter, Anderson, with Beauregard's agreement, fired a salute to the Union flag.
	blueandgraytrail.com /event/Fort_Sumter (1795 words)

	Battle of Fort Sumter Information
		Fort Moultrie was the oldest and was the headquarters of the garrison.
		Fort Sumter, by contrast, dominated the entrance to Charleston Harbor and was thought to be one of the strongest fortresses in the world once its construction was completed; in the autumn of 1861 work was nearly done, but the fortress was thus far garrisoned by a single soldier, who functioned as a lighthouse keeper.
		The fort had been designed to hold out against a naval assault, and naval warships of the time did not mount guns capable of elevating to fire over the walls of the fort; however, the land-based cannon manned by the South Carolina militia were capable of landing such indirect fire on Fort Sumter.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sumter (1480 words)

	Fort Sumter and Fort Moultrie National Monument
		Fort Sumter was one of a series of coastal fortifications built by the United States after the War of 1812.
		Fort Sumter was one of few forts in the South that remained in Federal control during the immediate months after South Carolina and six other state seceded from the Union.
		During the Federal bombardment of the Charleston harbor from 1863 to 1865, Fort Sumter was badly damaged.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/travel/charleston/sum.htm (649 words)

	Fort Sumter
		The fort's supply of ammunition was ill-suited for the task at hand, and because there were no fuses for their explosive shells, only solid shot could be used against the Rebel batteries.
		The fort's biggest guns, heavy Columbiads and eight-inch howitzers, were on the top tier of the fort and there were no masonry casemates to protect the gunners, so Anderson opted to use only the casemated guns on the lower tier.
		The fort's large flag staff was hit by fire from the surrounding Confederate batteries, and the colors fell to the ground.
	www.us-civilwar.com /sumter.htm (1142 words)

	Battle Summary: Fort Sumter, SC
		Beauregard, in command of the provisional Confederate forces at Charleston, South Carolina, demanded the surrender of the Union garrison of Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor.
		On April 12, Confederate batteries opened fire on the fort, which was unable to reply effectively.
		The bombardment of Fort Sumter was the opening engagement of the American Civil War.
	www.nps.gov /history/hps/abpp/battles/sc001.htm (152 words)

	Fort Sumter National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)
		Decades of growing strife between North and South erupted in civil war on April 12, 1861, when Confederate artillery opened fire on this Federal fort in Charleston Harbor.
		Fort Moultrie is a unit of Fort Sumter National Monument.
		The first human death of the Civil War occurred on April 14, 1861, the day after the battle of Fort Sumter ended.
	www.nps.gov /fosu (150 words)

	About Spiritline Cruises and Fort Sumter Tours
		Fort Sumter Tours is a family-owned business operating passenger vessels in Charleston Harbor.
		Since inception Fort Sumter Tours and SpiritLine Cruises have conducted over 70,000 cruises and carried more than 10 million passengers on their vessels.
		Fort Sumter Tours and SpiritLine Cruises are committed to providing entertaining and informative water excursions in a clean, safe and friendly environment.
	www.fortsumtertours.com /about_spiritline_cruises.asp (225 words)

	Boat tours of Fort Sumter in Charleston, SC
		Fort Sumter Tours is an authorized National Park Service concessionaire.
		We provide the only commercial boat transportation to Fort Sumter, the island fort where the Civil War began.
		The cruise yachts carrying you to Fort Sumter are U.S. Coast Guard inspected passenger vessels.
	www.spiritlinecruises.com /sumter_overview.asp (272 words)

	Fort Sumter and Civil War Resources
		Crisis at Fort Sumter is an interactive, multimedia, decision-making program that recreates the events and decisions that led to the firing on Fort Sumter and the beginning of the Civil War.
		Fort Sumter: "Fort Sumter was a fortified federal facility whose purpose was to guard the mouth of Charleston harbor.
		The unoccupied Fort Sumter was defensible as it was situated in the middle of the harbor surrounding by deep water.
	www.fortsumter.com (7300 words)

	Fort Sumter. The Columbia Gazetteer of North America. 2000
		Fort Sumter, fortification and historic site, on a shoal at the entrance to the harbor of Charleston, S.C., built 1829–1860, and named for Gen. Thomas Sumter.
		Upon passing the Ordinance of Secession (Dec. 1860), S.C. demanded all Federal property within the state, particularly the forts of Charleston harbor—Fort Sumter, Fort Moultrie, and Castle Pinckney.
		Pickens of S.C. had the other 2 forts, along with the Charleston arsenal, seized, and upon the refusal of President James Buchanan to order Anderson’s evacuation, had guns trained on Fort Sumter.
	www.bartleby.com /69/13/F02513.html (291 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The fort had been designed to hold out against a naval assault, and naval warships of the time did not mount guns capable of elevating to fire over the walls of the fort; however, the land-based cannon manned by the South Carolina militia were capable of landing such indirect fire on Fort Sumter.
		Fort Sumter's garrison could only safely fire the guns on the lower levels, which themselves, by virtue of being in stone emplacements, were largely incapable of indirect fire that could seriously threaten Fort Moultrie.
		Anderson lowered the Fort Sumter Flag and took it with him to the North, where it became a widely known symbol of the battle, and a rallying point for supporters of the Union.
	www.frontpagemag.com /GoPostal/commentdetail.asp?ID=25171&commentID=780084 (445 words)

	Brainboost - Where is Fort Sumter (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fort Sumter is located at the mouth of the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.
		Fort Sumter - Fort Sumter is located in the harbor of Charleston and a boat ride and the accompanying fee is required to visit the fort, which is part of the Federal park system..
		Fort Sumter is located on a manmade island in Charleston Harbor.
	www.brainboost.com /search.asp?Q=Where+is+Fort+Sumter&lfmq=1 (432 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fort Sumter was built after the War of 1812 as one of a series of fortifications on the southern U.S. coast.
		The Fort was not yet complete at the time and fewer than half of the cannons that should have been there were available due to military downsizing by James Buchanan.
		With Fort Sumter in Confederate hands, the port of Charleston was a hole in the Federal naval blockade of the Atlantic coast.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Fort_Sumter (1200 words)

	Siege of Fort Sumter, 12-13 April 1861
		Fort Sumter was one of a string of forts built along the American coast after the War of 1812, to protect the coast against attack by European navies.
		Fort Sumter was one of three fortifications that had been built to defend Charleston, South Carolina.
		Fort Moultrie was clearly no longer safe, and so six days later, on 26 December 1860, Anderson moved his garrison into the relative safety of Fort Sumter.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/battles_sumter.html (1550 words)

	The Battle of Fort Sumter
		A few officers and men had been left at Fort Moultrie to spike the guns, destroy their carriages, and cut down the Hag-staff, when they were to follow to Sumter.
		She had reinforced Fort Sumter with Peter Hart, a more efficient power at the right hand of Major Anderson at that critical moment than a hundred soldiers would have been, for he was ever vigilant, keen, faithful, judicious, and brave, and was the major's trusted friend on all occasions.
		The Bombardment of Fort Sumter had begun, and the Civil War was officially underway.
	www.sonofthesouth.net /leefoundation/battle-fort-sumter.htm (4163 words)

	The First Shot of the Civil War, 1861
		His reply indicated that he would evacuate the fort on the 15th, provided he did not in the meantime receive contradictory instructions from his Government, or additional supplies, but he declined to agree not to open his guns upon the Confederate troops, in the event of any hostile demonstration on their part against his flag.
		The boat with the aides of General Beauregard left Fort Johnson before arrangements were complete for the firing of the gun, and laid on its oars, about one-third the distance between the fort and Sumter, there to witness the firing of 'the first gun of the war' between the States.
		At mid-day on April 13 a white flag of surrender was raised and the garrison evacuated the fort on the 14th.
	www.eyewitnesstohistory.com /sumter.htm (1096 words)

	Fort Moultrie - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Fort Moultrie, on Sullivans Island at the entrance to the harbor of Charleston, S.C.; originally called Fort Sullivan.
		Constructed by Col. William Moultrie, the fort was renamed for him after he repulsed a British naval attack in June, 1776, in one of the most decisive battles of the American Revolution.
		Fort Moultrie is part of Fort Sumter National Monument (see National Parks and Monuments, table).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-FortMoul.html (340 words)

	Fort Sumter (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sumter was born on 1734 in Hanover County, Virginia.
		The fort lasted through a fifteen month siege in 1863 to 1864 led by General P.G.T. Beauregard, the same general that had led the attack on Fort Sumter.
		Even though now Fort Sumter is a war-free place, no one will ever forget that the fort was where the first battle happened in a war that would eventually become the greatest war in history.
	www.nhusd.k12.ca.us /Barnard/WINNING/FortSumter.html (644 words)

	Definition of Fort Sumter
		Fort Sumter, located in Charleston, South Carolina harbor, was named after General Thomas Sumter.
		The fort was guarded by sixty-eight soldiers commanded by Major Robert Anderson, a regular army officer from Kentucky.
		On April 10, 1861, the Union garrison in the fort was told to surrender by Beauregard.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Fort_Sumter (417 words)

	Fort Sumter
		Fort Sumter can be found in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.
		It was a large 5 sided fort built on a man made island.
		In 1861 this strong fort was occupied by soldiers from the north.
	wneo.org /WebQuests/TeacherWebQuests/landmarks/fortsumter.html (116 words)

	Fort Sumter. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Pickens of South Carolina had the other two forts, along with the Charleston arsenal, seized, and upon the refusal of President James Buchanan to order Anderson’s evacuation, had guns trained on Fort Sumter.
		Pickens’s subsequent formal demand for the fort’s surrender was declined, and South Carolina prepared to reduce Anderson’s stronghold.
		Fort Sumter became a national monument in 1948; Fort Moultrie is part of the monument.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fo/FortSumt.html (370 words)

	Fort Sumter, cotton (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In reality, she was destined for Fort Sumter, South Carolina and in her belly, were supplies, and some believe, soldiers and armaments.
		At 4:30 a.m., a battery from nearby Fort Johnson broke the silence of the night and was the signal for all batteries to begin a general bombardment of Fort Sumter.
		Fort Sumter was occupied by Union forces after the evacuation of Fort Moultrie.
	www.civilwarmini.com /chapc.htm (1345 words)

	The Prayer at Fort Sumter
		The fort is sufficiently out of range from a land artillery attack, se that all apprehensions for breaching it from that source may be put at rest.
		The maximum range of the guns from Sumter is three miles; but for accurate firing, sufficient to hull a vessel, the distance would require to be reduced one-half of that figure.
		Some military men have communicated to the herald a plan for taking Fort Sumter, which is likely to he adopted by the South Carolinians in the event of an attack.
	www.sonofthesouth.net /leefoundation/major-anderson-ft-sumter_Dir/civil-war-prayer-fort-sumter.htm (1514 words)

	Fort Sumter - Wikinfo
		Fort Sumter, located in Charleston, South Carolina harbor, was named after General Thomas Sumter.
		The fort was guarded by sixty-eight soldiers commanded by Major Robert Anderson, a regular army officer from Kentucky.
		On April 10, 1861, the Union garrison in the fort was told to surrender by Beauregard.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Fort_Sumter (1267 words)

	Review of Crisis at Fort Sumter
		Holding on to the forts threatened to precipitate the conflict Lincoln was trying his utmost to avoid, but letting go would powerfully undermine the authority of his government.
		But there are no 'right' answers because Fort Sumter's objective is "to demonstrate that historical evidence is not unambiguous and incontrovertible." In a number of locations a "Commentary" link lets the reader explore a variety of interpretations offered by historians.
		Fort Sumter clearly has a community of interest in mind but it is very much a community of students and academics.
	www.publichistory.org /reviews/view_review.asp?DBID=34 (1431 words)

	Fort Sumter National Monument - MSN Encarta
		Fort Sumter National Monument, national monument and historic fort at the mouth of the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina, famous as the scene of the first act of war in the American Civil War.
		Governor Francis Pickens of South Carolina demanded the surrender of Fort Sumter; Anderson refused.
		By the time Lincoln took office on March 4, six more states had seceded, and Fort Sumter was one of the two Southern forts remaining under Union control.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761574555/Fort_Sumter_National_Monument.html (433 words)

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