G. spencer brown - Factbites

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	G. Spencer-Brown - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		George Spencer-Brown is described in [1] (the primary source for this entry) as a "mathematician, consulting engineer, psychologist, educational consultant and practitioner, consulting psychotherapist, author, and poet".
		He is best known for his 1969 book Laws of Form.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/G._Spencer-Brown (288 words)

	Claim of Proof to Four-Color Theorem
		G Spencer-Brown, Laws of Form, London 1969, New York 1972, pp xxi.
		Since g - 1 is the only case where the Heawood formulae are no help, my brother and I decided to approach the problem from the reverse direction.
		As reported in 1969 [1], we found during this period an extremely elegant way of expressing the four-colour conjecture (as it then was) which, if verified, would lead to a correspondingly elegant proof.
	www.rgshoup.com /lof/gsb/nature.html (688 words)

	Brown, Spencer G.
		SPENCER G. The advantages possessed by one who makes thorough preparation for his life pursuit are strikingly exemplified in the experience of Spencer G. Brown who is successfully engaged in the practice of law at Brighton.
		In 1826 he assisted his uncle, Oliver Brown, in erecting the first house at Brighton and four years later became a resident of this region, locating on a farm which is still in possession of the family, adjoining the town of Brighton, and is known as the Brown homestead.
		Michael Brown, the grandfather of our subject on the paternal side, was born in Ohio in 1810 and in 1825 came with an uncle to Upper Alton, Illinois.
	www.rootsweb.com /~ilmaga/macoupin/1911bios/brown_spencerg.html (629 words)

	GEORGE SPENCER BROWN and his LAWS OF FORM
		Spencer Brown's calculus was therefore an obvious candidate framework for formalizing distinctions and hence providing a formal representational schema for addressing the operations of the observer.
		In this paper, Spencer Brown's Logic of Distinctions is considered in the light of various amendments proposed by the author.
		Spencer Brown's Laws of Form (1969) outlines a complete and consistent logic based on 'distinctions', which Maturana and Varela identify as the elementary cognitive act.
	www.enolagaia.com /GSB.html (2997 words)

	Multiplicity in Multiple Form Logic
		George Spencer Brown in "Laws of Form" had adopted a monotheistic interpretation of Forms: He identified "God the Father" with the First Distinction itself, "God the Son" with the Outer Space which resides outside the First Distinction, and "God the Holy Ghost" with the Inner Space inside the First Distinction.
		For example, Spencer Brown's "imaginary operator" is now seen as "XOR", and it becomes consistent with conventional work in the construction of counters and pseudo-random sequence generators (etc), all of which are based in Exclusive-OR gates, for their operation.
		the "initials" of Spencer Brown's "Primary Algebra" were not axioms "as such", but were proved as consequences from Spencer Brown's "axioms of the primary arithmetic" (I1 and I2).
	multiforms.netfirms.com /multiplicity.html (1513 words)

	george brown college - college - College Linx
		George Spencer Brown (Himself A Timeline of Spencer Brown's Life and Career.
		George Mackay Brown OBE was born in Stromness in sixth and youngest child of John
		George Brown president of the Washington DC Alumni Chapter of the Morris Brown
	www.collegelinx.com /georgebrowncollege (211 words)

	GEORGE SPENCER BROWN and his LAWS OF FORM
		Spencer Brown's calculus was therefore an obvious candidate framework for formalizing distinctions and hence providing a formal representational schema for addressing the operations of the observer.
		In this paper, Spencer Brown's Logic of Distinctions is considered in the light of various amendments proposed by the author.
		Spencer Brown's Laws of Form (1969) outlines a complete and consistent logic based on 'distinctions', which Maturana and Varela identify as the elementary cognitive act.
	www.enolagaia.com /GSB.html (2997 words)

	George Spencer History
		George Spencer, a son of Moses Roswell Spencer and Alma Flagg, was born 7 October, 1829 in West Hartford, Connecticut.
		His father wished him to become a doctor so he went to school, I am not sure just where, but he met and married a girl by the name of Emily Brown Bush at an early age.
		George and he and his partner separated; George was left the prairie schooner, a horse and a cow.
	www.geocities.com /heartland/valley/6368/Smith/GeorgeSpencer.html (624 words)

	lof.htm
		Spencer-Brown (the G is for George) made a remarkable attempt to deal with this question with the publication of Laws of Form in 1969.
		Title: Some-thing from No-thing: G. Spencer-brown’s Laws of Form.
		Boole, G. An Investigation of the Laws of Thought: On Which are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities.
	www.angelfire.com /super/magicrobin/lof.htm (5044 words)

	Laws of Form by G. Spencer Brown, Review by Bobby Matherne
		We may each thank G. Spencer Brown for furthering our understanding of the universe by creating this fine book in which he formulates and explains how to use his Laws of Form.
		Brown's passage from page 99 helps to explain why the subverted form of the doyle trace is necessary: if we attempt to reason directly as to what happened to us before the age of five that led to this doyle being stored, we get nowhere.
		Using the mark of the distinction, Brown states his two laws of form which derive directly from the axioms as:
	www.doyletics.com /arj/lofmart.htm (3502 words)

	Home
		Brown's attention was drawn to self-referencing statements, which are considered to be self-contradictory, but Brown accepts them into his system as full-fledged members.
		Brown posed a similar task for himself in trying to extend the proofs of statement equations to those higher than degree 1.
		That's how Brown starts his chapter on second degree equations.
	home1.gte.net /simres/k1-lform.htm (2369 words)

	cracking the urban cheat code
		In 1969 George Spencer-Brown wrote his seminal book 'Laws of Form'(1) in which he states: "...a universe comes into being when a space is severed or taken apart".
		Brown's system has gained a small but committed group of followers who have developed his original work, much of which has appeared on the internet.
		From here on Spencer-Brown develops a calculus not based on numbers but on distinctions.
	www.socialfiction.org /psychogeography/psychogeogram.html (1945 words)

	A New Kind of Science: The NKS Forum - Spencer Brown, NOR and NAND
		Spencer Brown's notation is a kind of generalize NOR statement.
		The Laws of Form presented by George Spencer Brown in 1969 introduce a compact symbolic notation for Nand with any number of arguments and in effect try to develop a way of discussing Nand and reasoning directly in terms of it.
		In Spencer Brown's logical space, it is the case that
	forum.wolframscience.com /showthread.php?s=&threadid=46 (753 words)

	Untitled Document
		Spencer Brown's boundary calculus has only one symbol (the "cross" or "call") and two axioms ("to cross and cross again is equivalent to no cross" and "two calls is equivalent to one call").
		Unlike Euclidean geometry, which depends on an "external" point of view, Spencer Brown's calculus is independent of point of view, and in fact is a means of evaluating the role of the point of view.
		"Boundary math" is a broad term that is used to refer generically to the "Laws of Form" invented by George Spencer-Brown as a non-numerical calculus based on the properties of boundaries.
	art3idea.psu.edu /boundaries/math/boundary.html (175 words)

	George Brown biography .ms
		George Brown (British politician) the British politician and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
		George Brown (Union official), former president of the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employes
		George Brown (musician) the musician in Kool and the Gang
	george-brown.biography.ms (57 words)

	Multi-Boundary Algebra
		The simplest place to start the present exposition is perhaps Laws of Form by G. Spencer-Brown, a beautiful and audacious book in which the author attempts to lay out the simplest possible framework within which the emergence of complex form can be modeled and studied.
		Where G is any set of forms, let h(G) denote the collection of all entities of the form [s], where s is a finite sum formed from elements of G; and let h(G,k) denote the collection of all elements of h(G) with exactly k elements.
		Proposition 4: Let G be a hard-bounded set of forms of cardinality n; and assume that all hard boundaries are ordering boundaries that impose a common linear order on the elements of G. Then, h(G) under the operation
	www.goertzel.org /papers/Multi.html (2854 words)

	Who advised people to simply hold important questions in their minds? Ask MetaFilter
		Spencer Brown and His Laws Of Form looks interesting.
		Spencer Brown in his The Laws of Form where he mentioned Newton in passing:
		Upon Googling, I see a lot more has come online about Brown and the Laws of Form since I made that post.
	ask.metafilter.com /mefi/19491 (1145 words)

	George Spencer Brown and the Laws of Form
		G. Spencer-Brown would say that Werner Erhard (the guy who invented the EST training) got the ideas for the training from 'Laws of Form".
		I found out from Bartley, that G. Spencer-Brown had taken the EST training and was in San Francisco at the time on a grant.
		George Spencer Brown and the Laws of Form
	www.reality-check.de /forum/gsblof.htm (2292 words)

	Distinction
		Spencer Brown G. (1969) : Laws of Form, (Allen & Unwin, London).
		Spencer Brown showed that distinction algebra implies propositional calculus.
		With these axioms, he has shown that a set of distinctions has a Boolean algebra structure, isomorphic to the algebra of classes in set theory or to the algebra of propositions in logic (Spencer-Brown, 1969).
	pespmc1.vub.ac.be /DISTINCT.html (393 words)

	G. Spencer Brown’s Laws of Form & John Lilly’s Take on It
		Spencer Brown’s Laws of Form & John Lilly’s Take on It Saul-Paul Sirag
		Spencer Brown’s Laws of Form & John Lilly’s Take on It Slide 1 of 25
	www.stardrive.org /Sirag/sld001.htm (28 words)

	Glasersf. answers
		Spencer Brown gives a lot of insightful advice in his footnotes.
		What are some of the practical day-to-day applications in relationships and communication and freedom to be found in G. Spencer-Brown's book, "Laws of Form".
		One has to read them, because they are very compressed and cannot be further summarised.
	www.oikos.org /answerjan.htm (537 words)

	Beyond Art
		G Spencer-Brown, “The Laws of Form”, George Allen and Unwin London 1969.
		Paul Brown, “Art and the Information Revolution”, Leonardo Supplemental Issue, Computer Art in Context - the SIGGRAPH 89 Art Show Catalogue pp.
		Not only can we program computers to emulate old media - like paint or typography - but we can, and are, discovering new and unique media potentials that this technology offers.
	www.msstate.edu /Fineart_Online/Backissues/Vol_14/faf_v14_n04/reviews/paul.html (4811 words)

	EnigmaSurvival
		Scott, Christopher, 'G. Spencer Brown and Probability,' JSPR 39 (1958), 217‑40.
		Boring, Edwin, G., 'A psychological function is the relation of successive differentiations of events in the organism,' PSYCH REV 44 (1937), 459.
		Geley, G., From the Conscious to the Unconscious (1920).
	www.spiritwritings.com /EnigmaSurvivalHartBibl.html (3004 words)

	Future Hi: Panexperientialism
		Dr. Close uses G. Spencer Brown's calculus of distinctions, from Brown's book Laws of Form.
		Spencer Brown’s Laws of Form & John Lilly’s Take on It.
		Saul Paul Sirag, who was mentioned in Robert Anton Wilson's book Cosmic Trigger, has a slideshow titled, G.
	www.futurehi.net /archives/000540.html (559 words)

	math protocol
		George Spencer-Brown invented a non-numerical mathematical system ("calculus") that extends the power of Boolian logic to include situations involving self-reference.
		Various ways of characterizing this flipping process include a space that "re-enters" itself, a statement of B's inside and outside nature, or a direct statement of B's "oscillation" between two possible states, 'i' and 'j', represented by a "square wave" (
	art3idea.psu.edu /boundaries/math/basics1.html (1090 words)

	George Spencer Brown and the Laws of Form
		George Spencer Brown and the Laws of Form
		An e-mail discussion with "Tommy", a friend of George Spencer-Brown
		More information about George Spencer Brown and the Laws of Form
	www.reality-check.de /forum/gsblof.htm (2292 words)

	Comments on 12260 MetaFilter
		Laws of Form In 1969, George Spencer-Brown published a mathematical book called Laws of Form, which has inspired explorations in philosophy, cybernetics, art, spirituality, and computation.
		The solved conjectures can sometimes fall into the camp that GSB is talking about: after years of withstanding assault, a problem sometimes falls to an argument that a grad student can follow, one that is transparently the "right" proof.
		I fell for the first round of GSB hype back in the seventies at the hands of the Whole Earth Catalog, and failed then to see (and still fail) how it's different from Boolean algebra, which is itself simply a particularization of some more general mathematical objects.
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/12260 (2234 words)

	The Observer in the Observed: Fractal Dynamics of Reentry
		Although it is commonly believed that George Boole (1958) developed the most basic form of logic, Spencer-Brown disagreed, claiming his own calculus is so primordial as to provide a cradle not only for logic itself, but also for the basic structure of
		This paper traces a line of logic, begun by George Spencer-Brown and continued by Francisco Varela, which puts paradox at the heart and seam of things.
		Within Spencer-Brown's system, in order to distinguish marked from unmarked states, value must be attributed to one state over the other.
	goertzel.org /dynapsyc/2002/ObserverObserved.htm (6367 words)

	Multiple Form Logic: An extension of George Spencer-Brown's LAWS of FORM
		Spencer Brown’s axioms of the “Primary Arithmetic” do not correspond to “Not” and “Or” (as he suggested) but to “Xor” and “or”, a simple fact which passed unnoticed for over three decades, by most people who have been extending George Spencer Brown:
		There are many sites in the Net about "Laws of Form", despite the fact that George Spencer Brown does not have a site (or much sympathy for what he thinks as unnecessary publicity about him).
		Unlike Brown's, such new “pluralistic” forms or boundaries are by nature "multiple" or "coloured", and can be combined into structures of awesome complexity, if we wish.
	multiforms.netfirms.com /multiforms_1.html (4817 words)

	Open Directory - Society:Philosophy:Philosophy of Science:Mathematics
		Websites concerned with the mathematician and logician, whose name may also be written as G. Spencer-Brown.
	dmoz.org /Society/Philosophy/Philosophy_of_Science/Mathematics/desc.html (34 words)

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