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Topic: Granularity


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  Date and Time Formats
As different standards have their own requirements regarding granularity and flexibility, this profile offers a number of options.
Different standards may need different levels of granularity in the date and time, so this profile defines six levels.
If a given standard allows more than one granularity, it should specify the meaning of the dates and times with reduced precision, for example, the result of comparing two dates with different precisions.
www.w3.org /TR/NOTE-datetime   (692 words)

  
  Multiple granularity locking - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In computer science, multiple granularity locking (MGL), sometimes called the John Rayner locking method, is a locking method used in database management systems (DBMS) and relational databases.
Multiple granularity locking is usually used with Non-strict two-phase locking to guarantee serializability.
MGL uses lock escalation to determine granularity lock on a node and its ancestors.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Multiple_granularity_locking   (252 words)

  
 Granularity
Granularity is not seen as much of an issue for database design — although I think it should be — but it cannot be avoided as an issue for system integration.
Granularity becomes an important issue for data modelling when you are trying to map or merge information across multiple systems or data stores — because the likelihood is that the granularity doesn’t match.
Granularity is also a problem with distributed systems, especially where web services are involved, since it may affect the number of service calls across a network, perhaps by an order of magnitude.
www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~rxv/infomgt/grain.htm   (873 words)

  
 Reusable Learning | Granularity   (Site not responding. Last check: )
Granularity† of digital learning resources refers to size, decomposability and the extent to which a resource is intended to be used as part of a larger resource.
Granularity, or aggregation level, is important in defining and determining reusability.
Each level of granularity has a different inherent degree of ability to be decomposed† into more granular pieces, and each level of granualrity has different inherent expectations for reuse.
www.reusablelearning.org /index.asp?id=28   (1013 words)

  
 Temporal Granularity for Unanchored Temporal Data   (Site not responding. Last check: )
In supporting temporal data that is specified in different granularities, numerous approaches have been proposed to deal with the issues of converting temporal data from one granularity to another.
This is because a granularity in these approaches is modeled as an anchored partitioning of the time axis, thereby making it difficult to deal with granularity conversions in unanchored temporal data.
Granularities are accommodated within the context of calendars and granularity conversions are presented and discussed in terms of unanchored durations of time.
www.cs.ualberta.ca /~duane/abstracts/1998cikm.shtml   (260 words)

  
 KODAK: Graininess and Granularity   (Site not responding. Last check: )
The terms graininess and granularity are often confused or even used as synonyms in discussions of silver or dye-deposit distributions in photographic emulsions.
Although the viewer sees a granular pattern, the eye is not necessarily seeing the individual silver particles, which range from about 0.002 mm down to about a tenth of that size.
The granularity values for Kodak fl-and-white and color negative films are determined at a net visual density of 1.00.
www.kodak.com /US/en/motion/students/handbook/sensitometric6.jhtml   (1902 words)

  
 RFC 2063 (rfc2063) - Traffic Flow Measurement: Architecture   (Site not responding. Last check: )
A coarser granularity means a greater level of aggregation; finer granularity means a greater level of detail.
Some mechanism must be available for the meter to tell the manager that it is in danger of exhausting its memory (by declaring a 'high water' condition), and for the manager to arbitrate (by decreasing the polling interval, letting nature take its course, or by telling the meter to ask for help sooner next time).
Since granularity is controlled by the meter's current rule set, the manager can only change it by requesting the meter to switch to a different rule set.
www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2063.html   (10489 words)

  
 Temporal Granularity   (Site not responding. Last check: )
For instance, a person's age is commonly given to the granularity of years and the time of their next airline flight to the granularity of minutes.
We define a granularity as a calendar-dependent partitioning of the time-line.
Pairs of granularities are related in that some granularities are finer or coarser with respect to other granularities.
www.eecs.wsu.edu /~cdyreson/pub/temporal/granularity.htm   (264 words)

  
 Granularity Information Architecture, Inc. : In the Media   (Site not responding. Last check: )
Granularity's XML/EDI services allow corporations to develop and integrate web-based and legacy processes such as enterprise resource planning, supply chain integration, and automation of EDI transactions connecting a company to their key business partners.
Granularity's best-of-class services are in use at innovative and established companies such as Headhonchos.com and Toys-R-Us, and work with web server, database, and ERP application products from vendors such as Microsoft, Netscape, Oracle, Sybase, SAP, PeopleSoft, J. Edwards, and Baan.
Granularity Information Architecture and Granularity are trademarks of Granularity Information Architecture, Inc. All other company and product names are property of their respective owners.
www.granularity.com /company/press/spectra_launch.shtml   (258 words)

  
 Advert   (Site not responding. Last check: )
The importance of appropriate task granularity has long been recognised, and inappropriate granularity is frequently cited as the cause of poor parallel performance.
GranSim is designed to record task granularity and track performance information in a way that aids understanding granularity, and it allows this information to be visualised at both task and aggregate levels through a variety of graphical profiles.
The primary aims of the project are to study task granularity for the parallel implementation of a purely functional non-strict language and to improve runtime performance through exploiting statically derived granularity information.
www.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~kh/research/gran-anal-grant.html   (4899 words)

  
 RFC 2722 (rfc2722) - Traffic Flow Measurement: Architecture   (Site not responding. Last check: )
Thus, the number of flows measured (and stored) at a meter can be regulated by changing the granularity of their attributes.
Time granularity may be controlled by varying the reporting interval, i.e.
Granularity: - Controls the amount of address information identifying each flow, and - Determines the number of buckets into which user traffic will be lumped together.
www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2722.html   (13090 words)

  
 KODAK Professional: Print Grain Index: Tech Pub E-58
This is the source of the term "rms granularity" which is generally used to express granularity measurement.
To properly characterize the granularity of negative films, we must consider the effects of the printing step and the print material.
For example, a change in granularity from 5 to 6, or 20%, is more visually significant than a change from 10 to 11 (10%).
www.kodak.com /global/en/professional/support/techPubs/e58/e58.jhtml   (2253 words)

  
 Granularity Choices for Persistence
To a first approximation, the basic unit for all granularity choices in Texas is a virtual memory page, because pointer swizzling at page fault time relies heavily on virtual memory facilities, especially to trigger data transfer and address translation.
Sometimes, however, it is necessary to change the granularity choice for a particular issue to accommodate the special needs of unusual situations.
It is possible to address these issues at a different granularity in a way that integrates gracefully into the general framework of Texas.
www.usenix.org /events/coots99/full_papers/kakkad/kakkad_html/node6.html   (279 words)

  
 Print Version - What does granularity mean in the context of a data warehouse and what are the various levels of ...   (Site not responding. Last check: )
Les Barbusinski’s Answer: Granularity is usually mentioned in the context of dimensional data structures (i.e., facts and dimensions) and refers to the level of detail in a given fact table.
The granularity with be the lowest level of the depth of data.
Low granularity refers to data that is summarized or aggregated, usually from the atomic level data.
www.dmreview.com /editorial/dmreview/print_action.cfm?articleId=5460   (804 words)

  
 Human-Oriented Architecture
Appropriate granularity is determined by the task(s) associated with the component.
Luke Hohmann: The appropriate granularity is a function of the number of people working on the software and the complexity of the software itself.
You can't just talk at the granularity of classes, because there might be a million classes in that project.
www.artima.com /intv/balance3.html   (770 words)

  
 McKinsey & Company - Home Page
They will have to acclimate to new surroundings—just as the foreign companies that entered China did.
The granularity of growth: How to identify the sources of growth and drive enduring company performance
Analysis of hundreds of large companies shows that growth originates in granular parcels and largely depends more on where, not how you compete.
www.mckinsey.com   (196 words)

  
 ColabWiki: Granularity
More granularity implies more flexibility in customizing a system, because there are more, smaller increments (granules) from which to choose.
Granularity is the extent to which a system contains discrete components of ever-smaller size.
An example of increasing granularity: a list of nations in the United Nations, a list of all states/provinces in those nations, a list of all counties in those states, and so on until you have a list of all people in the countries that belong to the U.N. Reference/URL Technical Definition (2VWK)
colab.cim3.net /cgi-bin/wiki.pl?Granularity   (86 words)

  
 Granularity   (Site not responding. Last check: )
Define "granularity" and discuss the implications of objects that are too large or too small.
That is, to have a number of objects at one granularity level, but then another set of different types of objects at another degree of granularity.
Definitions, for example, may be at one level, providing little context except for a term and its definition; descriptions of complex processes, however, may be of a larger level of granularity.
www.bsu.edu /web/jcflowers1/mod/rlogranularity.htm   (605 words)

  
 High Granularity Setting May Cause Problems Moving Windows
If the Granularity option in the Desktop section of Control Panel is set too high, windows that are moved may shake erratically in Program Manager.
Granularity defines the coarseness of an invisible grid that objects are placed upon on the desktop.
Setting the granularity to any number greater than zero can cause the window to jump when resized or moved, or may prevent it from being moved.
support.microsoft.com /?kbid=84421   (235 words)

  
 Fabulous Adventures In Coding : Floating Point And Benford's Law, Part Two
is the granularity for all values with an exponent of 2.
In 4/15ths of the cases, they have the same granularity, and in only 3/15ths of the cases, the binary system has better granularity.
Effectively in IEEE the granularity is a function of magnitude, or, absolute error varies but relative error remains (more) constant.
blogs.msdn.com /ericlippert/archive/2005/01/13/352284.aspx   (1723 words)

  
 oramoss oracle: Storage component granularity in Warehousing
We've used granularity of 1 month per partition everywhere as it matches our current and likely future analytical and processing requirements and also means that since we're always dealing with a months worth of data at a time for most of the scheduled processing, our scalability is good.
If the scope of the affected data loss/recovery is limited to the granularity of a single datafile (and therefore a single tablespace and partition) then the post recovery processing would be minimised by having only to redo the work to rebuild that single partition.
By making things very granular this rebuilding of data in that single tablespace would be quicker because only 1 area of data has been broken.
oramossoracle.blogspot.com /2005/09/storage-component-granularity-in.html   (1877 words)

  
 Anatomy of a Native XML Database
The format of stored XML, as well as the granularity of stored documents, has a large effect on database design and scalability, as well as how a system may be used by an application.
A clear disadvantage of intact document storage is that for certain applications and queries, it can take a long time, and a large amount of memory, to process a request, this is mostly due to the need to parse documents to satisfy a query.
Because navigational operations within a document stored with fine granularity are not as expensive as those for intact document storage (due to parsing), it can be sufficient to return the document element, for further navigation.
idealliance.org /proceedings/xml04/papers/170/anatomy_native_db.html   (5271 words)

  
 Macromedia - Developer Center : ColdFusion Developer's Handbook
This article was reprinted with the permission of Granularity Information Architects, xml.granularity.com, a consulting firm and website dedicated to using and learning all about XML with Macromedia server products, JRun and ColdFusion.
Granularity Information Architecture, Inc. has created a library of functions to assist ColdFusion programmers in dealing with XML, called the Granularity XML UDF Library, which is a complement to Granularity's giaX™ Suite of custom-tags for XML manipulation.
With these three tasks in mind, the Granularity XML UDF Library was born.
www.adobe.com /devnet/articles/cf_granularity_6.html   (1482 words)

  
 Granularity Hierarchies - McCalla, Greer, Barrie, Pospisil (ResearchIndex)   (Site not responding. Last check: )
In this paper we describe an approach to representing granularity which formalizes in computational terms most of Hobbs' notions, often refining and extending them.
In particular two types of granularity have been delineated: aggregation and abstraction.
Given a set of incomplete information, an entity can be recognized by the granularity hierarchy to as detailed a level as is possible.
citeseer.ist.psu.edu /76629.html   (664 words)

  
 Granularity   (Site not responding. Last check: )
Granularity refers to the number of instructions that can be performed concurrently before some form of synchronisation needs to take place
Granularity is associated with the ratio between computation and communication
Most efficient granularity is dependent on the algorithm and the hardware
www.hpctec.mcc.ac.uk /hpctec/courses/HPC/hpc_47.html   (85 words)

  
 The Old New Thing : Why is address space allocation granularity 64K?
So if allocation granularity were finer than 64K, a DLL that got relocated in memory would require two fixups per relocatable address: one to the upper 16 bits and one to the lower 16 bits.
If it were possible to relocate by a value that wasn't a multiple of 64K, then the compiler would no longer be able to do this optimization since it's possible that after the relocation, the two variables no longer belonged to the same 64K block.
Instead of constructing 32-bit values piece by piece with lda/ldah (that adds the 16-bit immediate field in the 32-bit instruction to a register) you could "just" load it from a table in memory.
blogs.msdn.com /oldnewthing/archive/2003/10/08/55239.aspx   (953 words)

  
 OAI-PMH Implementation Guidelines - Guidelines for Harvester Implementers
Datestamps are specific to records, they may not be the same for all records (metadata formats) disseminated from a particular item.
granularity of one second, it is advisable to overlap by a small additional amount to account for any discrepancy between the reported
Knowledge of the datestamp granularity allows for less overlap if granularities finer than a day are supported.
www.openarchives.org /OAI/2.0/guidelines-harvester.htm   (1275 words)

  
 Data alignment: Straighten up and fly right
Because address 1 is unaligned, a processor with two-byte granularity must perform an extra memory access, slowing down the operation.
The original 68000 was a processor with two-byte granularity and lacked the circuitry to cope with unaligned addresses.
Remember the 68000 was a processor with two-byte memory access granularity, and would throw an exception upon encountering an odd address.
www-128.ibm.com /developerworks/library/pa-dalign   (3021 words)

  
 PRB: High Granularity Setting Affects Windows/VB Form Resizing
If you set the granularity of Windows' invisible sizing grid to a value greater than zero, you may notice that form resizing is no longer smooth.
If you notice that Visual Basic forms do not smoothly resize, but instead resize in "chunks," the problem may be caused by a granularity setting that is too high.
Move to the granularity text box in the lower right portion of the dialog box.
support.microsoft.com /kb/q79386   (232 words)

  
 Clock Granularity
In their system, for every event the hardware latch L is reprogrammed to generate the next interrupt exactly at the right time.
For timer granularities of less than 1ms the error is about 2ms, for other granularities about 1ms.
Apart from these implementation peculiarities, the timer granularity is reflected in the accuracy provided to the user.
wwwagss.informatik.uni-kl.de /Projekte/Squirrel/da/node5.html   (757 words)

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