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Topic: Graphics processing unit

	Graphics processing unit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Modern GPUs are very efficient at manipulating and displaying computer graphics, and their highly parallel structure makes them more effective than typical CPUs for a range of complex algorithms.
		Modern GPUs are descended from the monolithic graphic chips of the late 1970s and 1980s.
		A new concept application for GPU's is that of Stream processing and the General Purpose Graphics Processing Unit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Graphics_processing_unit (1950 words)

	GPU - Graphics Processing Unit
		Graphics Processing Unit Like the CPU (central processing unit), it is a single-chip processor.
		Referring to Graphics Processor Unit, a GPU takes on the task of working with Transform and Lighting (TandL) away from the CPU so it can focus on more important things such as AI.
		Refering to Graphics Processor Unit, a GPU takes on the task of working with Transform and Lighting (T&L) away from the CPU so it can focus on more important things such as AI.
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/GPU.asp (237 words)

	Alienware: High-Performance Systems - Notebooks, Desktop PCs, Workstations, Peripherals
		A graphics processing unit, or GPU, is a dedicated processing unit for all graphical functions in a computer.
		The GPU is the dedicated processing unit for all graphical functions in a computer.
		Graphics engines usually come with their own programming code and tools, as well as a: rendering engine, physics engine, collision detection, sound, scripting, animation, and artificial intelligence.
	www.alienware.com /intro_pages/graphics/graphics_101.aspx (2385 words)

	Image producing device - Patent 7079146
		The graphic processor includes two buffers for storing graphic contexts corresponding to the graphic element lists together with identification information on the graphic contexts, and a unit for reading a specific graphic context from the buffers upon inputting the graphic element lists from the arbitrator to conduct the graphic processing.
		The graphic processing means includes a large number of circuits which are disposed in parallel with each other, and the parallel arrangement of the large number of circuits is compatible with the rendering processing where simple processing is frequently repeated.
		The graphic region setting information is directed to the offset coordinates of the graphic region and the coordinates of a drawing clipping region for canceling the drawing in the case where the coordinates of the polygon exist in the exterior of the graphic region.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /7079146.html (3581 words)

	nV News - NVIDIA GeForce3 Preview - Lightspeed Memory Architecture
		NVIDIA is taking graphics memory architecture to the next level and is employing the use of a crossbar to maximize the efficiency of data transfer between the graphics processing unit and the graphics memory on the GeForce3.
		Since the load and store units on the graphics processing unit are capable of issuing a memory load or a store on every cycle, the memory controllers should be capable of processing these requests at the same rate.
		If the graphics processing unit determines that the region is going to be occluded, then all the representative geometry and rendering representing that region can be bypassed.
	www.nvnews.net /previews/geforce3/lightspeed_memory.shtml (1137 words)

	Real-Time Water Simulation Using Fast Fourier Transforms Implemented on a Graphics Processing Unit, 07-9433 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The capability of the GPU to increase the efficiency of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), a numerical transform used widely in various fields of engineering, was researched by implementing an FFT that runs solely on a GPU.
		The performance benefits of offloading the processing to the GPU were demonstrated by using the FFT to create the height field of a water surface and compute surface normal vectors for a real-time water simulation.
		GPU programs were also written to improve the visual appearance of the surface of the water using reflection, refraction, bump mapping, and per-pixel lighting techniques.
	www.swri.org /3pubs/ird2004/Synopses/079433.htm (353 words)

	Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
		The technical definition of a GPU is "a single chip processor with integrated transform, lighting, triangle setup/clipping, and rendering engines that is capable of processing a minimum of 10 million polygons per second."
		With the advent of the GPU, computationally intensive transform and lighting calculations were offloaded from the CPU onto the GPU—allowing for faster graphics processing speeds.
		The difficulty in virtual representations of the real world is robustly mimicking how objects interact with one another and their surroundings, due to the intense, split-second computations needed to process all the variables.
	www.nvidia.com /object/gpu.html (220 words)

	GPGPU
		With the increasing programmability of commodity graphics processing units (GPUs), these chips are capable of performing more than the specific graphics computations for which they were designed.
		From the NVIDIA Press Release: "GPU computing with CUDA is a new approach to computing where hundreds of on-chip processor cores simultaneously communicate and cooperate to solve complex computing problems up to 100 times faster than traditional approaches.
		All of the GPU implementations were made using the RapidMind Development Platform, which allows the use of standard C++ programming to create high-performance parallel applications that run on the GPU.
	www.gpgpu.org (1078 words)

	S&TR \| November 2005: Built for Speed: Graphics Processors for General-Purpose Computing
		The use of graphics processing units (inset) for real-time georegistration of high-resolution wide-area imaging was demonstrated by Livermore’s Sonoma project.
		Graphics processing on remote-collection platforms, such as in the one in this aircraft, reduces the volume of data transferred to users, enabling real-time analysis.
		Because the tasks performed on a GPU occur in an order that is not controlled by a programmer, no one task can depend on the results of a previous one, and tasks cannot write to the same memory.
	www.llnl.gov /str/November05/Johnson.html (1121 words)

	GeForce 256
		A GPU offloads all 3D calculations from the CPU, freeing the CPU for other functions such as physics and artificial intelligence.
		The technical definition of a GPU is "a single-chip processor with integrated transform, lighting, triangle setup/clipping, and rendering engines that is capable of processing a minimum of 10 million polygons per second."
		With transform, lighting, setup, and rendering on a single GPU, the GeForce 256 delivers 15M polygons/second and 480M pixels/second of performance.
	www.nvidia.com /page/geforce256.html (333 words)

	PC World - How It Works: Graphics Boards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Graphics Board: A system component, usually an expansion card, that produces 2D or 3D images on a CRT monitor.
		In response, the graphics driver--software that acts as a go-between for the OS and the graphics board--listens to the instructions from either the OS or the application, then takes the digital data and converts it into a format that the graphics board can understand.
		The volume of pixels produced by the board is enormous: When your screen resolution is set to 1024 by 768, the graphics board calculates the precise color for, and produces, data for 786,432 pixels to draw the screen---and it repeats this process 30 to 90 times each second.
	www.pcworld.com /howto/article/0,aid,31050,00.asp (660 words)

	Picture Processing Unit and Graphics Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This is responsible for drawing the graphical output to the screen 50 times a second (NTSC refresh rate).
		The graphics pipeline is defined fairly specifically by the emulator authors since this is critical to getting the game code to work with the graphics system to draw the correct output.
		The graphical unit which composes all the objects on the screen consists of an 8x8 pixel tile called a Pattern.
	graphics.stanford.edu /~ianbuck/proj/Nintendo/node5.html (437 words)

	Intel Looking Forward "High Performance Graphics" Engineers - GameDev.Net Discussion Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Integrating the GPU with the CPU is assinine unless the CPU would be able to make use of the GPU side for computation.
		A CPU/GPU combo with a broken GPU is useless (maybe these/disbled GPU units could be sold cheaper) 6)eliminating the external bus from the performance equation would not grant any big performance benefits since graphics is largely a coputation-bound problem.
		Also, the GPU might be able to share parts with the CPU such as branch prediction, registers, and floating-point units (this is an even bigger maybe) to help with the limited real-estate (which again could hurt CPU perforance).
	www.gamedev.net /community/forums/topic.asp?topic_id=409841 (2814 words)

	Overclocking your Graphics card for Newbies
		All modern graphics cards have a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) chip which performs graphics calculations, and memory which the GPU uses to perform these calculations.
		The performance of a graphics card can be boosted by increasing the clockspeeds beyond the manufacturer's default settings.
		All modern graphics cards use DDR (double data rate) memory, which explains why some people may refer to the same memory speed as 350MHz or 700MHz.
	www.andrew.cmu.edu /user/fma/overclocking__graphics_card2.htm (547 words)

	Apple - Products - PowerMac Cube
		The NVIDIA GeForce2 MX graphics processing unit (GPU) brings a number of signature features to the Macintosh platform, including hardware transform and lighting (T&L), per-pixel shading and drop-dead gorgeous 3D effects at high resolutions.
		The ATI RADEON advanced graphics processor has 32MB of double data rate (DDR) memory for twice the memory bandwidth and the highest data transfer rates through the graphics pipeline.
		The ATI RADEON advanced graphics processor with 32MB of double data rate (DDR) memory, features the ATI Charisma Engine (a phenomenal 30 million triangle-per-second geometry engine), for immersive, realistic 32-bit true color 3D graphics at the fastest possible frame rates.
	www.apple.com /lae/powermaccube/graphics.html (1164 words)

	Hardware Analysis - NVIDIA Introduces Geforce FX Graphics Processing Unit
		The world’s first 500MHz GPU is able to compute 375 million programmable vertices per second; 4 billion pixels per second; and 16 billion AA samples per second.
		The GeForce FX GPU packs nearly twice the number of transistors as the GeForce4 GPU by utilizing the industry’s most advanced 0.13 micron and copper manufacturing process.
		Retail graphics boards based on the GeForce FX GPUs are slated for release in February 2003.
	www.hardwareanalysis.com /content/article/1561 (886 words)

	nV News - NVIDIA nForce Preview
		The Integrated Graphics Port (IGP) consists of a GeForce2 graphics processing unit, TwinBank 128-bit memory architecture, and the dynamic adaptive speculative pre-processor (DASP).
		TwinBank is the memory bandwidth traffic cop for the nForce and is based on a crossbar memory architecture reminiscent of the crossbar archtecture on the GeForce3.
		The Audio Processing Unit is a multi-processor engine which provides hardware audio acceleration for both output streams (playback) and input streams (record).
	www.nvnews.net /previews/nforce/nforce.shtml (1346 words)

	Nvidia Demonstrates 256-Bit 'GPU' - Technology News by TechWeb
		The chip also separates the geometry, lighting, setup, and rendering engines, typically processing one to three triangles at a time, up to a maximum of six.
		Typically, graphics chips apply a lighting map to an object, which simulates but does not realistically calculate the path of light as it bounces off objects.
		The net result is that in some applications, detail increases as the viewpoint zooms in -- exactly the opposite effect of what is usually found as zooming turns the object into a mass of discolored pixels.
	www.techweb.com /wire/story/TWB19990901S0010 (589 words)

	Nvidia Enters Workstation Market - Technology News by TechWeb
		Called the Quadro, the chip is similar to the GeForce 256 graphics processing unit (GPU), which the company is shipping for the desktop PC market.
		The Quadro uses Nvidia's four-pixel-per-clock processing pipeline, and has a core frequncy of 135 MHz, compared with the 120-MHz clock speed of the GeForce.
		The Nvidia Quadro workstation GPU will be offered in the new Gloria II professional graphics accelerator board from Elsa.
	www.techweb.com /wire/story/TWB19991103S0005 (320 words)

	Graphics Processing Unit targets HD gaming., NVIDIA Corp.
		Notebooks with the new GPU are available for order from select top gaming notebook makers in North America and Europe.
		The NVIDIA GeForce 7 series of notebook GPUs, with their superior performance per watt, have become the overwhelming choice of the top gaming notebook makers and notebook gamers worldwide.
		Mar 23, 2006 - Remote Graphics Unit suits professional applications.
	news.thomasnet.com /fullstory/801049 (959 words)

	GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) Definition
		Stands for "Graphics Processing Unit." Like the CPU (Central Processing Unit), it is a single-chip processor.
		The first company to develop the GPU was NVidia, Inc. Its GeForce 256 GPU can process 10 million polygons per second and has over 22 million transistors.
		This chip can process over 200 billion operations a second and deliver up to 17 million polygons per second.
	www.techterms.org /definition/gpu (180 words)

	Video card - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A video card, (also referred to as a graphics accelerator card, display adapter and numerous other terms), is an item of personal computer hardware whose function is to generate and output images to a display.
		The term is usually used to refer to a separate, dedicated expansion card that is plugged into a slot on the computer's motherboard, as opposed to a graphics controller integrated into the motherboard chipset.
		The GPU is a microprocessor dedicated to manipulating and rendering graphics according to the instructions received from the computer's operating system and the software being used.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Graphics_card (487 words)

	3D Fuzion Graphics Cards
		A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a second processor in your PC dedicated to graphics.
		PC graphics such as photos, videos, and games require a lot of processing power.
		The addition of a dedicated GPU offloads the graphics processing from the CPU.
	www.3dfuzion.com /gpu_info.asp (89 words)

	creativepro.com - NVIDIA Launches The World's First Graphics Processing Unit: GeForce 256
		Additionally, PCs powered by NVIDIA's GPU will be able to synthesize amazingly realistic environments with objects that behave according to complex physics and intelligent characters with lifelike personality.
		The GeForce 256 GPU incorporates many groundbreaking innovations that drive a major discontinuity in the 3D graphics industry, a market already known for its staggering pace of innovation.
		The GeForce 256 GPU is an immensely complex device with nearly 23 million transistors, more than twice the complexity of the Pentium III microprocessor.
	www.creativepro.com /story/news/4090.html (722 words)

	OpenVIDIA : Parallel GPU Computer Vision
		gpu's arent just good for vision and computation - some clever folks have started using them for games as well.
		This project is released as part of the work conducted at the Eyetap Personal Imaging Lab (ePi Lab) at the Electrical and Computer Engineering Group at the University of Toronto.
		OpenVIDIA utilizes the computational power of the GPU to provide real--time computer vision much faster than the CPU is capable of, and leaves the CPU free to conduct other tasks beyond vision.
	openvidia.sourceforge.net (809 words)

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