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Topic: Great Galveston Hurricane

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	Great Galveston Hurricane
		Galveston Island lies off the southeastern Texas coast, situated parallel to the mainland, creating a buffer between the Gulf of Mexico and Galveston Bay.
		Wealthy visitors traveled to Galveston for a relaxing and therapeutic dip in the warm, shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico, and by all accounts, its populace was second in the nation in per capita wealth.
		On September 8, 1900, the city of Galveston, Texas, on the coastline of the Gulf of Mexico, was ravaged by 120 mile-per-hour winds, torrential rains, and flooding.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h2092.html (890 words)

	Galveston Hurricane of 1900 : search word
		The Galveston Hurricane of 1900 is to date the deadliest natural disaster to strike the United States.
		The city of Galveston at the end of the 19th century was a booming metropolis with a population of 38,000.
		Prior to the Hurricane of 1900, Galveston was considered to be a beautiful and prestigious city and was known as "the New York of the South." Only the nation's wealthiest were allowed to live there.
	www.searchword.org /ga/galveston-hurricane-of-1900.html (2739 words)

	NWS Commemorates 1900 Galveston Hurricane
		Galveston, Texas -- One hundred years ago tomorrow, the great Galveston hurricane roared through the prosperous island city with winds in excess of 130 miles per hour and a 15-foot storm surge.
		With the terrible memories of the 1900 hurricane in mind, the people of Galveston began an unprecedented effort to protect their city from the next "big one." In 1902, they began constructing a 16-foot thick, 17-foot high sea wall covering three miles of oceanfront.
		As hurricanes approach, the National Weather Service=s land-based Doppler weather radar network is used by forecasters all along the U.S. coasts to monitor storm movement.
	www.nwas.org /links/galveston.html (789 words)

	CNN.com - Hurricane that wrecked Galveston was deadliest in U.S. history
		GALVESTON, Texas (CNN) -- The deadliest natural disaster in U.S. history ripped into the "Jewel of Texas" one century ago, killing some 8,000 men, women and children and wiping away 12 city blocks -- nearly three-quarters of the island city of Galveston, Texas.
		The day before the hurricane arrived, warning flags were raised as huge waves pounded the shores, barometric pressure dropped rapidly and high fish-scale-shaped clouds moved inland.
		Galveston is a city built on sand at the eastern end of a 30-mile-long island, two miles off the Texas coast.
	edition.cnn.com /2000/WEATHER/09/07/galveston.backgrounder/index.html (1463 words)

	The Galveston Seawall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The famed Galveston Seawall was built after the Great Galveston Hurricane of 1900 which claimed between 6,000 and 8,000 lives.
		After the hurricane the seawall was built and the land behind it was raised to 20 feet.
		The Galveston Seawall is considered an astonishing fete for that era, not to mention for a city that was all but destroyed by a hurricane.
	users.aol.com /NickGalv/Photos/seawall.html (157 words)

	Click2Disasters - Galveston - Chapter 1 - Preface
		It was the peak of hurricane season - September 8, 1900.
		Due to the hubris of some folks in the U.S. Weather Bureau, however, people in the direct path of the "Great Storm of 1900" didn’t know their lives and property were in grave danger.
		When the storm reached Galveston, an island off the Texas shore, it temporarily buried the town and its people with sea water.
	www.awesomestories.com /disasters/galveston/galveston_storm_ch1.htm (183 words)

	Erik Larson on 100 year anniversary of the Galveston hurricane
		A Category 4 hurricane swept over Galveston, Texas, one century ago, killing 8,000 men, women and children and destroying nearly three-quarters of the island city.
		The city is dedicating a memorial to the victims and survivors on September 9 as part of the commemoration of this tragic event.
		I was surprised to find that the nation's leading hurricane experts all believe that it is still possible for a hurricane to kill hundreds and possibly thousands of people.
	lowery.tamu.edu /personal/songs/Hurricane/erik_larson.htm (1720 words)

	Hurricaneville Book Review: June, 2006
		As a matter of fact, many of those same problems lingered long after the Great Galveston Hurricane of 1900, and haunted the bureau up and until the time of both of the 1935 Labor Day Hurricane, and Long Island Express of 1938.
		The experience of the Great Galveston Hurricane of 1900 had a tremendous impact on Cline, who rigorously studied the phenomenon of storm surge, and preached about it to anyone who would listen.
		This monster hurricane at the very end of the 19th century still ranks as the deadliest natural disaster in United States history with at least 6,000 people killed, and estimates even go higher than that (between 8,000 and 12,000).
	www.hurricaneville.com /book_review_jun_2006.htm (1021 words)

	Hurricane Links--Additional Sources Of Information On Hurricanes
		Greg's Weather Center's Hurricane Section--Ok, so I am a little biased, but there is a lot of great information on hurricanes from the past five years as well as reports and stories about tropical forecasts by Dr. William Gray, and the impact of hurricanes on affected areas.
		Hurricane Consulting, Inc. --A service for Gulf Coast residents and businesses provided by Lew Fincher, one of the pre-eminent scholars on the Great Galveston Hurricane of 1900.
		LSU Hurricane Center--A part of Louisiana State University, this Hurricane Center was a key participant in the storm preparedness exercise, Hurricane Pam, which was carried out in July, 2004.
	www.hurricaneville.com /links.html (5187 words)

	Galveston, TX 1900 Storm
		On September 8, 1900, the island community of Galveston, Texas was hit by a ferocious storm that killed thousands of residents, and nearly flattened the city.
		The last report received from Galveston, dated 3:40 PM, September 8, showed a barometric pressure of 29.22 inches, with a wind of 42 MPH, northeast, indicating that the center of the storm was close to the city.
		Up to Sunday morning, after the storm had passed Galveston, no reports were received from southern TX, but the barometer at Fort Worth gave some indications that the storm was passing into the southern portion of the state.
	lowery.tamu.edu /personal/songs/hurricane/thestorm/1900strm.htm (887 words)

	The Weather Doctor Almanac 2000
		On September 8th we observe the centennial of the Great Galveston Hurricane of 1900, the greatest natural disaster, by number of deaths, in United States history: 8,000 by accepted figures, perhaps as many as 12,000.
		Galveston is an island city located on the eastern end of Galveston Island, a sand barrier island about 30 miles long and from 1.5 to 3 miles in width between Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico.
		The insurance inspector for Galveston states that there were 2,636 residences located prior to the hurricane in the area of total destruction, and he estimates 1,000 houses totally destroyed in other portions of the city, making a total of 3,636 houses totally destroyed.
	www.islandnet.com /~see/weather/almanac/arc2000/alm00sep.htm (2021 words)

	EO News: Hurricane Forecasts Improved Since Galveston Disaster - September 6, 2000
		As the 2000 hurricane season reaches its midpoint this weekend, meteorologists are much better prepared to forecast dangerous storms like the hurricane that slammed into Galveston Island, Texas 100 years ago.
		"The Galveston Hurricane was so devastating that the '1900 Storm Commemoration Committee' was formed in 1998 to commemorate the storm's 100th anniversary, to educate the public about the storm and to celebrate the subsequent rebirth of the community," committee chairman Mike Doherty said.
		With data from TRMM, hurricane forecasts and tracks are likely to continually improve, leading to better preparation for hurricanes and a reduction in unnecessary evacuations during hurricane season.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Newsroom/NasaNews/2000/200009063967.html (726 words)

	Epic Disasters - The Ten Deadliest US Hurricanes
		The fourth strongest Hurricane to hit the US mainland caused a lake surge on the inland Lake Okeechobee in Florida that rose as high as nine feet, flooding nearby towns.
		Audrey was a Category 4 that caused eight to 12 foot storm surges that moved inland as far as 25 miles through low-lying areas of Louisiana.
		This hurricane struck the Keys as a Category 4, and Texas as a Category 3.
	www.epicdisasters.com /tendeadliestushurricanes.php (488 words)

	Galveston Hurricane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The hurricane made an abrupt turn to the west in the eastern Gulf of Mexico on September 6 and began a journey that would lead to the Texas coast.
		As the hurricane gained speed and intensity, residents of the Louisiana and Texas coastal areas began to prepare for the storm.
		The Galveston hurricane was a Category 4 on the Saffir-Simpson Scale.
	www.ezl.com /~fireball/Disaster16.htm (389 words)

	Jay Barnes on Hurricanes \| Florida's Hurricane History \| September 2-4, 1935
		The greatness of the tragedy in Puerto Rico slowly made the news in the United States, just about the time Florida residents were receiving their first warnings of the powerful storm offshore.
		But as the afternoon progressed and the great storm grew nearer, hundreds of families, landowners, and laborers went about their work on the broad, flat terrain with no idea of what was about to occur.
		In it, Will relives the storm and writes of the great irony of the disaster: "This calamity occurred within a few miles of a large city and of a world famous resort, yet so isolated was the location that not until three days later did the state's own governor learn of its enormity.
	www.ibiblio.org /uncpress/hurricanes/fl_sept28.html (1865 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online:
		This hurricane had been first observed on August 30 in the vicinity of 15° north latitude and 63° west longitude, about 125 miles northwest of Martinique, proceeding westward.
		About 6:30 P.M. a storm wave, sweeping ashore in advance of the hurricane's vortex, caused a sudden rise of four feet in water depth, and shortly afterward the entire city was underwater to a maximum depth of fifteen feet.
		More violent and costlier hurricanes have struck coastal areas of the United States since 1900, but because of the death toll the Galveston storm that year was in the 1980s still called the worst recorded natural disaster ever to strike the North American continent.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/GG/ydg2.html (887 words)

	PR Leap: “Hurricane” Author Forced to Evacuate Houston Area As Rita Closed In - Janice Thompson, Author
		Thompson, whose novel chronicles the story of the great Galveston hurricane of 1900, sat glued to the news in the days leading up to Rita’s landfall, mesmerized by the irony of events taking place in her life.
		Thompson, who is in the process of writing a sequel to her novel (this one focused on the rebuilding of the Island) can’t help but see the irony of the past few weeks.
		In spite of any hurricanes that might come my way, I choose to lift my head, to keep my spirits high and to look to the people of Galveston, Texas, as an example of what it means to “come back” after tragedy.
	www.prleap.com /pr/15789 (828 words)

	GRI - Research on hurricanes and their impact on economic infrastructure and development
		From the great Galveston Hurricane (1900), the Great Miami Hurricane (1926), Hurricane Camille (1969), Hurricane Andrew (1992), Hurricane Ivan (2004), to the most recent Hurricane Katrina (2005), all show great destructive power which take a toll on infrastructure and human lives.
		Hurricane Ivan's (2004) wrath was felt through the Caribbean, Mexico, and three coastal states of the U.S., and even into the North and Southeastern states as the storm progressed over land.
		For example, in 1998, when Hurricane Georges was forecast to make landfall in Louisiana, Fitzpatrick discovered that the National Weather Service computer guidance did not include key satellite wind data that would steer the storm to Mississippi instead.
	www.gri.msstate.edu /eid/hurricanes.php?sr=0 (570 words)

	CNN Specials - The Galveston Hurricane
		A Galveston, Texas, forecaster had dismissed as absurd the notion that a hurricane could devastate the island city.
		A century later, we revisit the day the sea rose up and swallowed what was then one of the richest cities in America.
		Hurricane that wrecked Galveston was deadliest in U.S. history
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/2000/galveston (155 words)

	The Great 1900 Galveston Hurricane in Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		September, prime hurricane season, can mean the last of the summer reruns preempted by itinerant television reporters breathlessly bringing the latest on the storm from a windswept Florida beach.
		This mighty storm, a category four hurricane, battered the Texas coast on September 8th 1900 with 115 mile per hour winds.
		The story of the hurricane in Galveston is told by Erik Larson in Isaac’s Storm: the book’s title taken from the officer in charge of the Galveston office of the US National Weather Service —Isaac Cline.
	www.magma.ca /~jdreid/great_1900_hurricane.htm (2115 words)

	Galveston Hurricane of 1900 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		depending on whether one counts casualties from the city of Galveston itself, the larger island, or the region as a whole.
		It is often locally known in the Galveston area as The Great Storm or The 1900 Storm.
		More people were killed in this single storm than have been killed in the over three hundred hurricanes that have struck the United States since, combined, as of 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Galveston_Hurricane_of_1900 (2935 words)

	The 1900 Galveston Hurricane
		On September 8, 1900, a 20-foot storm surge, associated with one of the most powerful hurricanes of the century, inundated Galveston Island in Texas.
		The Galveston office of the U. Weather Bureau later recalled: “Sunday, Sept 9, 1900, revealed one of the most horrible sights that ever a civilized people looked upon.
		The 1900 Galveston hurricane took at least 6,000 lives and perhaps as many as 10,000.
	www.disastercenter.com /texas/1900GH.htm (395 words)

	Great Galveston Hurricane Revisited
		"On September 8, 1900 an unheralded hurricane virtually destroyed the city of Galveston, Texas, with a loss of approximately 8000 lives — the deadliest natural disaster in this nation’s history....
		The Galveston disaster is an appropriate historical anchor for evaluating a century of progress in the United States to help those in harm’s way not only survive but cope effectively with the threat of hurricanes."
		Read about The Great Galveston Hurricane of 1900.
	www.agu.org /pubs/booksales/hurricane/hurricane_bkoffer.html (130 words)

	Galveston,Texas Hurricanes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		1900 the great galveston hurricane kills 8,000 people with a 15ft storm surge bar 27.49 winds of 110mph,this was before wall was built.Half of Galveston destroyed with 2,600 buildings destroyed & 10,000 people left homeless.
		It is said that a one inch steel hull of an ocean going freighter was pierced through with a piece of lumber.According to the hurricane research division winds were of Category 4 strength at landfall.
		Winds at Galveston were 120 mph.Pess 953 mb.Seawall prevented a repeat of the 1900 disaster.Causes 50 million in damage
	www.hurricanecity.com /city/galveston.htm (438 words)

	HARRIS POLL SHOWS PUBLIC ILL-PREPARED FOR HURRICANES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		"The 100th anniversary of the Great Galveston Hurricane is a time to remember the thousands of people whose lives were tragically lost or devastated," said Red Cross President and CEO Dr. Bernadine Healy.
		On September 8, 1900, a hurricane-created tidal wave came ashore at Galveston where at least 6,000 (some estimate as many as 10,000 to 12,000) residents were killed and at least 8,000 were left homeless.
		Central time, on Friday, Sept. 8, Dr. Healy will present the Galveston County Historical Museum with a replica of a proclamation awarded to American Red Cross founder Clara Barton by the people of Galveston for her work and that of her volunteers in response to the devastating 1900 hurricane.
	www.redcross.org /press/archives/090700.html (863 words)

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