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Topic: History of North Korea

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	North Korea (02/08)
		North Korea's judiciary is "accountable" to the SPA and the president.
		In October 2002, a U.S. delegation confronted North Korea with the assessment that the D.P.R.K. was pursuing a uranium enrichment program, in violation of North Korea's obligations under the NPT and its commitments in the 1992 North-South Joint Declaration on Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and the Agreed Framework.
		North Korea's economy declined sharply in the 1990s with the end of communism in Eastern Europe, the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the dissolution of bloc-trading with the countries of the former socialist bloc.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2792.htm (8059 words)

	Encyclopedia: History of North Korea
		History of North Korea: Following World War II, Korea, which had been a colonial possession of Japan since 1910, was occupied by the Soviet Union (in the north) and the United States (in the south).
		Korea (í•œêµ/éŸ“åœ‹/Hanguk, used by South / ì¡°ì„ /æœé®®/Joseon, used by North) is a formerly unified country, situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia, bordering on China to the northwest and Russia to the north.
		North Korea declared on Feb. 10, 2005 that it has nuclear weapons [1] bringing widespread expressions of dismay and near-universal calls for the North to return to the six-party negotiations aimed at curbing its nuclear program.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/History-of-North-Korea (4827 words)

	History of North Korea (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In North Korea, the Korean alphabet (hangul) is used exclusively.
		Korea was under Mongolian occupation from 1231 until the early 14th century.
		Elections were held in the South under UN observation, and on August 15, 1948, the Republic of Korea was established in the South.
	www.historyofnations.net /asia/northkorea.html (1576 words)

	North Korea Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Korea was occupied by the Soviet Union north of the 38th Parallel and by the United States south of the 38th parallel, but the United States and the Soviet Union were unable to agree on implementation of Joint Trusteeship over Korea.
		North Korea is on the northern portion of the Korean Peninsula that extends 1,100 km from the Asian mainland.
		North Korea's capital and largest city is P'yŏngyang; other major cities include Kaesŏng in the south, Sinŭiju in the northwest, Wŏnsan and Hamhŭng in the east and Ch'ŏngjin in the northeast.
	www.somethingpersonal.com /encyclopedia/North_Korea (3741 words)

	2000 Report to Congress on the Military Situation on the Korean Peninsula
		North Korea remains the major threat to stability and security in Northeast Asia and is the country most likely to involve the United States in a large-scale war.
		North Korea's fundamental war-fighting strategy mandates achievement of surprise, prosecution of a short and violent war, prevention of major United States reinforcement of the peninsula, and negation of the Republic of Korea's mobilization.
		North Korea’s trade with, and aid from, China and Russia have fallen drastically since 1990 and are undergoing a fundamental transformation from barter to hard currency, making it difficult for the North to secure badly needed resources such as food, oil, coking coal, and timber.
	www.defenselink.mil /news/Sep2000/korea09122000.html (8880 words)

	CNN.com - N. Korea paper: 'Burning hatred' for U.S. - Dec. 14, 2002
		North Korea has accused the United States of "unpardonable piracy" in seizing the ship, which eventually was allowed to continue on to Yemen.
		North Korea agreed in 1994 to freeze its nuclear facilities, at least one of which was suspected of having the capability to produce weapons-grade plutonium, in return for regular shipments of heavy fuel oil and the promise of newer and safer nuclear reactors from Japan, South Korea and the United States.
		North Korea is closer to having nuclear weapons than either of its "axis of evil" companions, Iran and Iraq, ElBaradei said, but stressed that he could not address the intent of any of the three countries.
	www.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/asiapcf/east/12/14/korea.nukes/index.html (1165 words)

	North Korea: history (Site not responding. Last check: )
		North Korea also had a similar strategy since it limited its outer contact and devoted its efforts to achieve considerable military strength.
		Korea adopted a socialist economy with central planning; 90 per cent of the national industry was in the hands of the State with the remaining 10 per cent organized in cooperatives.
		According to North Korea, any possibility of reunification was to be preceded by a formal peace treaty with the US and removal of their troops from Korean soil.
	gbgm-umc.org /country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=110 (1252 words)

	History of North Korea
		In North Korea, the Korean alphabet (hangul) is used exclusively, unlike in South Korea, where a combination of hangul and Chinese characters is used as the written language.
		At a meeting in Cairo, it was agreed that Korea would be free "in due course;" at a later meeting in Yalta, it was agreed to establish a four-power trusteeship over Korea.
		Initial hopes for a unified, independent Korea quickly evaporated as the politics of the Cold War and domestic opposition to the trusteeship plan resulted in the 1948 establishment of two separate nations with diametrically opposed political, economic, and social systems and the outbreak of war in 1950 (see, under Foreign Relations, Korean war of 1950-53).
	www.motherearthtravel.com /korea_north/history.htm (734 words)

	History of North Korea -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The DPRK attacked the south on June 25, 1950, achieving total surprise, and rapidly captured (The capital and largest city of South Korea; located in northwestern South Korea) Seoul and advanced to the south of the peninsula.
		This gave the United States and Japan a huge and increasing technological and economic advantage over the Soviet-style economies, and during the presidency of (40th President of the United States (1911-)) Ronald Reagan this was translated into a corresponding military advantage.
		North Korea declared on Feb. 10, 2005 that it has nuclear weapons bringing widespread expressions of dismay and near-universal calls for the North to return to the six-party negotiations aimed at curbing its nuclear program.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/hi/history_of_north_korea.htm (2654 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| N Korea threatens US with first strike
		North Korea is entitled to launch a pre-emptive strike against the US rather than wait until the American military have finished with Iraq, the North's foreign ministry told the Guardian yesterday.
		North Korean officials fear the extra forces are the start of the build-up for a full-scale confrontation - a dangerous assumption that could push the peninsula over the edge.
		To punish the North, the US cut off supplies of 500,000 tonnes a year of heavy fuel oil, a severe blow to a nation that is desperately short of energy.
	www.guardian.co.uk /korea/article/0,2763,889679,00.html (791 words)

	History (from Korea, North) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The country is bordered by China and Russia to the north and by the Republic of Korea (South Korea) to the south.
		The country is bordered by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) to the north, the East Sea (Sea of Japan) to the east, the East China Sea to the south, and the Yellow Sea to the west; to the southeast it is separated from the Japanese island of Tsushima by the Korea Strait.
		North earned a Ph.D. in economics from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1952, and was professor of economics from 1950 to 1983 at the University of Washington.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-214597?tocId=214597 (857 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| Revealed: the gas chamber horror of North Korea's gulag
		In the remote north-eastern corner of North Korea, close to the border of Russia and China, is Haengyong.
		Because all of us were led to believe that all the bad things that were happening to North Korea were their fault; that we were poor, divided and not making progress as a country.
		He said: 'It carries a North Korean format, the quality of paper is North Korean and it has an official stamp of agencies involved with this human experimentation.
	www.guardian.co.uk /korea/article/0,2763,1136483,00.html (947 words)

	History of North Korea
		In North Korea, the Korea alphabet (hangul) is used exclusively, unlike in South Korea, where a combination of hangul and Chinese characters is used as the written language.
		Korea was under Mongolian occupation from 1231 until the early 14th century and was plundered by Japanese pirates in 1359 and 1361.
		Though the Choson dynasty paid fealty to the Chinese court and recognized China's hegemony in East Asia, Korea was independent until the late 19th century.
	www.muchofun.com /history/north_korea_history.html (721 words)

	History of Korea, North
		After failing in the Korean War (1950-53) to conquer the US-backed republic in the southern portion by force, North Korea, under its founder President KIM Il Sung, adopted a policy of ostensible diplomatic and economic "self-reliance" as a check against excessive Soviet or Communist Chinese influence.
		KIM's son, the current ruler KIM Jong Il, was officially designated as KIM's successor in 1980 and assumed a growing political and managerial role until his father's death in 1994.
		North Korea's long-range missile development and research into nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons and massive conventional armed forces are of major concern to the international community.
	infotut.com /geography/Korea,-North (264 words)

	North Korea WWW Virtual Library
		North Korea - Library of Congress Country Study
		DPRK - NORTH KOREA (Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand)
		North Korea Energy and Environment Overview (www.eia.doe.gov, USA)
	www.duke.edu /~myhan/s-nk.html (559 words)

	"Rolling Blunder" by Fred Kaplan
		The North Koreans expelled the international inspectors, broke the locks on the fuel rods, loaded them onto a truck, and drove them to a nearby reprocessing facility, to be converted into bomb-grade plutonium.
		But the revelation about North Korea's secret enriched-uranium program strengthened the hand of the administration's hawks--especially Cheney and Rumsfeld--who felt that North Korea couldn't be trusted in negotiations and, more to the point, that negotiations were the wrong way to deal with such regimes in the first place.
		During this meeting, Li Gun, North Korea's very experienced deputy foreign minister, announced that his country now had nuclear weapons--he referred to them as a "deterrent"--and said the weapons would not be given up unless the United States dropped its "hostile attitude" toward the regime.
	www.washingtonmonthly.com /features/2004/0405.kaplan.html (5266 words)

	FRONTLINE/WORLD . North Korea - Suspicious Minds . Face-Off: A Short History of the U.S.-North Korea Conflict - Intro ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When North Korea disclosed in fall 2002 an ongoing clandestine weapons program, it fueled rising fears worldwide about the threat of nuclear proliferation.
		When the Japanese ended their brutal regime in Korea at the close of World War II, they surrendered not to a single victor, but to U.S. forces in the South and to Soviet forces in the North.
		Korea's division between the capitalist South and communist North, a line drawn by the world's superpowers, cut right across the middle of the country and separated countless families.
	www.pbs.org /frontlineworld/stories/northkorea/history.html (439 words)

	Nuclear Weapons Program - North Korea
		North Korea maintains uranium mines with an estimated four million tons of exploitable high-quality uranium ore. Information on the state and quality of their mines is lacking, but it is estimated that the ore contains approximately 0.8% extractable uranium.
		North Korea was supposed to have produced 0.9 gram of Plutonium per megawatt every day over a 4-year period from 1987 to 1991.
		At least two of the estimates are said to be based on the assumption that North Korea removed fuel rods from the 5-MW(e) reactor and subsequently reprocessed the fuel during slowdowns in the reactor's operations in 1990 and 1991.
	fas.org /nuke/guide/dprk/nuke (2849 words)

	CBC News Indepth: North Korea
		North Korean forces drove the South Korean and allied troops south in the early stages of the war, but the allies fought back, pushing the North Koreans toward the border with China.
		In October 2002, North Korea revealed that has an active nuclear program, in violation of a 1994 "agreed framework" with the U.S. According to the agreement, the U.S. would provide North Korea with two nuclear power plants.
		In 2003, North Korea offered to freeze its nuclear weapons program if the U.S. removes it from a list of countries friendly to terrorists, lifts sanctions against the country and resumes shipments of oil and aid.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/northkorea (587 words)

	The Observer \| International \| North Korea and the US 'on a slide towards conflict'
		War in North Korea is now almost inevitable because of the country's diplomatic stalemate with America, a senior UN official claims.
		Strong, who has just returned from a private mission for Annan in North Korea and is due to report to UN officials in New York tomorrow, said he felt both North Korea and America seemed to think they had time on their side but were both on a slide towards war.
		North Korea fervently believes it is next on America's list for pre-emptive strikes, says Strong.
	www.observer.co.uk /international/story/0,6903,930570,00.html (551 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Asia-Pacific \| North Korea's 'creative' history
		For example, it is generally accepted that North Korea started the war by storming across the 38th parallel.
		However, the North Korea claimed it was simply defending itself against an offensive launched by the South.
		According to a history of the war on the official North Korean website, 405,000 US soldiers were killed in the war.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/asia-pacific/3096265.stm (560 words)

	The Roach Report - North Korea - Its History and Its Future
		North Korea, despite a shattered economy and a populace suffering from widespread hunger, has outlived repeated forecasts of its imminent demise.
		Charles K. Armstrong contends that a major source of North Korea's strength and resiliency, as well as of its flaws and shortcomings, lies in the poorly understood origins of its system of government.
		North Korea is one of the last redoubts of "unreformed" Marxism-Leninism in the world.
	www.largeprintreviews.com /n_korea.html (1252 words)

	History Channel - Speeches - Harry S. Truman, thirty-third U.S. president: Announces his decision to send U.S. forces ...
		President Harry S. Truman immediately ordered U.S. forces to Korea and on June 27 announced to the nation and the world that America would intervene in the Korean conflict in order to stem the spread of communism.
		The next day, the Security Council met, and in the absence of the Soviet Union, which was boycotting the council, a resolution was passed approving the use of force against North Korea.
		On June 30, Truman authorized the use of U.S. ground forces in Korea, and on July 7, the Security Council recommended that all U.N. forces sent to Korea be put under U.S. command.
	www.historychannel.com /speeches/archive/speech_303.html (300 words)

	North Korea Travel Information \| Lonely Planet Destination Guide (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For many, a visit to the so-called 'Truce Village' in the 38th parallel is a North Korean highlight...
		From the ultra-clean showcase capital, from which old people and pregnant women are excluded, to Paekdusan, where they're still rewriting history, there's weirdness galore.
		Disclaimer: We've tried to make the information on this web site as accurate as possible, but it is provided 'as is' and we accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by anyone resulting from this information.
	www.lonelyplanet.com /worldguide/destinations/asia/north-korea (118 words)

	The history of the People’s Democratic Republic of Korea (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The retrospective history of the People’s Democratic Republic of Korea
		The working-class history of the People’s Democratic Republic of Korea
		The culture history of the People’s Democratic Republic of Korea
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/55a/index-b.html (130 words)

	North Korea encyclopedia : Cultural Information , Maps, North Korea politics and officials, North Korean History. ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		KIM Chong-il has ruled North Korea since his father and the country's founder, president KIM Il-song, died in 1994.
		After decades of mismanagement, the North relies heavily on international food aid to feed its population while continuing to expend resources to maintain an army of about 1 million.
		In December 2002, North Korea repudiated a 1994 agreement that shut down its nuclear reactors and expelled UN monitors, further raising fears it would produce nuclear weapons.
	www.northkoreaiworld.com /index.php?exbrowse=country (379 words)

	North Korea Map, Map of North Korea, History of North Korea, North Korea Profile, North Korea Economy, North Korea ...
		The map of North Korea clearly defines the locational details of the nine administrative provinces of the country.
		The North Korea flag consists of blue, red and white bands along with a red star.
		The red star of the North Korea flag symbolizes communism, two blue bands stand for peace and unity, red shows communist revolution and white stripes stand for purity.
	mapsofworld.com /north-korea (152 words)

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