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Topic: History of Somalia

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	History of Somalia
		Early history traces the development of the Somali people to an Arab sultanate, which was founded in the seventh century A.D. by Koreishite immigrants from Yemen.
		Somalia's modern history began in the late l9th century, when various European powers began to trade and establish themselves in the area.
		The SRC became increasingly radical in foreign affairs, and in 1974, Somalia and the Soviet Union concluded a treaty of friendship and cooperation.
	www.historyofnations.net /africa/somalia.html (1774 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: History of Somalia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Somalia's adherence to socialism became official on the first anniversary of the military coup when Siad Barre proclaimed that Somalia was a socialist state, despite the fact that the country had no history of class conflict in the Marxist sense.
		The principal occupation in Somalia is the raising of livestock.
		The SRC became increasingly radical in foreign affairs, and in 1974, Somalia and the Soviet Union concluded a treaty of friendship and cooperation.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/History-of-Somalia (551 words)

	Somalia: Understanding the History of Violence
		Yet, Somalia remains to be a country that inspires images of violence, chaos, disorder and abject poverty.
		Somalia can be viewed in terms of identity socio-politics, where clan loyalty plays a key determinate in starting or fueling the violence.
		When viewing the development of Somalia, in relation to the country’s history of ongoing conflict, it therefore leaves us to consider the perspective that the use of violence is the single factor obstacle to any socio-political and economic progress in Somalia.
	www.hiiraan.com /op2/2007/nov/somalia_understanding_the_history_of_violence.aspx (1569 words)

	A short history of Somalia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Somalia is an Arab sultanate since the seventh century and becomes part of Muscat and Oman in the seventeenth century.
		In 1866 East Somalia is acquired and conquered by Zanzibar.
		Somalia becomes a presidential democracy, dominated by the Somali Youth League (or Ururka dhalinyarada somaliyeed) of Aden Abdullah Osman Dar (president between 1960 and 1967) and Abdirashid Ali Shermarke (president between 1967 and 1969).
	www.electionworld.org /history/somalia.htm (464 words)

	SOMALIA,
		Vegetation in Somalia consists chiefly of coarse grass and stunted thorn and acacia trees.
		The principal occupation in Somalia is the raising of livestock.
		The history of the region now included in Somalia dates from antiquity, when the land was known to the ancient Egyptians as Punt.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=222696 (2629 words)

	globalEDGE (TM) \| country insights - History of Somalia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Early history traces the development of the Somali state to an Arab sultanate, which was founded in the seventh century A.D. by Koreishite immigrants from Yemen.
		Somalia's modern history began in the late 19th century, when various European powers began to trade and establish themselves in the area.
		The SRC became increasingly radical in foreign affairs, and in 1974, Somalia and the Soviet Union concluded a treaty of friendship and cooperation.
	globaledge.msu.edu /ibrd/CountryHistoryPrint.asp?CountryID=132&RegionID=5 (1992 words)

	UN Somalia - InfoCenter
		Somalia Chronology - IRIN has compiled a chronology of events leading to the current Somalia peace talks.
		History of Somalia - Includes Partition, Pan-Somalism, Siad Barre and Scientific socialism and the oppression of the Isaaq.
		During the next nine years, Pan-Somalism, the belief that Somalia should be united with all Somali-inhabited territories, was a motto for years and led to a build-up of the Somali military and ultimately to fighting in northern Kenya and war with Ethiopia in the 1970s.
	www.unsomalia.net /infocenter/history.htm (1262 words)

	Somalia: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — Infoplease.com
		Somalia, situated in the Horn of Africa, lies along the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean.
		Somalia acknowledged defeat in an eight-month war against the Ethiopians that year, having lost much of its 32,000-man army and most of its tanks and planes.
		Somalia: History - History Early and Colonial Periods Between the 7th and 10th cent., immigrant Muslim Arabs and...
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107979.html (1343 words)

	Somalia History
		It was established by a tribe of Warsangeli in North of Somalia and ruled by the descendents of the Gerad Dhidhin.
		Somalia's modern history began in the late l9th century when various European powers began to trade and establish themselves in the area that thet were located in.
		Within Somalia Siad Barre's regime became increasingly a victim of insurgencies in the northeast and northwest whose aim was to overthrow his government.
	www.world66.com /africa/somalia/history (1722 words)

	History of SOMALIA (Site not responding. Last check: )
		European interest in Somalia develops after 1839, when the British begin to use Aden, on the south coast of Arabia, as a coaling station for ships on the route to India.
		A new era of conflict begins in Somalia in 1923 with the arrival in the Italian colony of the first governor appointed by Mussolini, newly in power as Italy's fascist dictator.
		In the aftermath of this disaster guerrilla groups, clan-based and regional, are formed in and around Somalia with the intention of toppling Siad's repressive and centralizing regime.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad20 (1575 words)

	Somalia (02/07)
		Somalia is located on the east coast of Africa on and north of the Equator and, with Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, and Kenya, is often referred to as the Horn of Africa.
		The Cushitic populations of the Somali Coast in the Horn of Africa have an ancient history.
		Although the U.S. never formally severed diplomatic relations with Somalia, official relations were interrupted by the fall of the government and have not been fully reestablished in the continued absence of a national government.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2863.htm (5295 words)

	Somali History \| History of Somalia \| Somalian History \| Questia.com Online Library
		Somalia comprises almost the entire African coast of the Gulf of Aden and a longer stretch on the Indian Ocean.
		Hostilities between Somalia and Ethiopia erupted in 1964, and Kenya became involved in the conflict as well, which continued until peace was restored in 1967.
		Somalia invaded the disputed territory in 1977 but was driven out by Ethiopian forces in 1978.
	www.questia.com /library/history/african-history/african-countries/somali-history.jsp (2072 words)

	UNHCR - Somalia: Information on the background and current circumstances of the Absguul (Abesguul) clan
		According to Somalia: A Nation in Turmoil, the Hawiye clan, of which the Abgaal is a sub-clan, occupies the south-central region of Somalia, and the capital, Mogadishu, is in the middle of Abgaal country (Samatar 1991, 12, 20).
		The main clan militia operating in Somalia, the United Somali Congress (USC), is dominated by the Hawiye clans (Samatar 1991, 22).
		The role of the undisputed leader of the Abgaal, Ali Mahdi, who also happens to be the president of Somalia, could give some indication of where the Abgaal stand and their role in the present conflict.
	www.unhcr.org /home/RSDCOI/3ae6abec7c.html (526 words)

	somalia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Somalia's history dates back to thousands of years ago when the ancient Egyptians referred to it as the "Land of Punt", or "God's Land".
		In 1991 the collapse of the Somalia state was brought forth by this widespread bloodshed and strife between clans.
		Since the clans in Somalia are in opposition to each other, finding one government to rule them all has proved a difficult task in Somalia, and one that has ended many lives in strife to find one.
	www.faculty.fairfield.edu /faculty/hodgson/Courses/so191/Projects3/Somalia/Somalia.html (3720 words)

	Somalia History
		There has been little political stability for the country with border conflicts erupting between Somalia and Ethiopia and internal conflicts and tribal warfare.
		And, complicating all this, Somalia sustained dreadful starvation and refugee conditions as a result of a severe drought in the early 1990s.
		Flooding in 1998 killed thousands and left hundred of thousands without a home; coupled with renewed inter-clan violence and the looming threat of famine, Somalia continues to face difficult times ahead.
	www.nationbynation.com /Somalia/History1.html (181 words)

	Somalia: history (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The region of Somalia, called âPuntlandâ by the Egyptians thousands of years ago, was an Egyptian trading partner.
		The war against Ethiopia caused serious difficulties to Somalia's fragile economy; prices of fuel and grain increased and a severe drought affected most of the country in 1978-79 bringing the Barre Government to the brink of collapse.
		The country is on the verge of total economic collapse due to conflict, prolonged drought and the ban on exporting livestock.
	gbgm-umc.org /country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=149 (1778 words)

	Somalia Somaliland on the Internet
		a "Chronology of Digil & Mirifle History of Somalia," by Mohamed Aden Ibrahim (Farkeeti),
		Has her biography, a video of Iman's visit to Somalia with the ICRC (Red Cross) during the famine, (her first visit in 20 years), meeting her uncle in Baidoa, visiting Mogadishu, etc. includes a diary of her visit and a conversation with Sudanese model, Alek Wek.
		Atlases produced by West Point's History Dept. The maps are the "digital versions from the atlases printed by the United States Defense Printing Agency." Under "Wars and Conflicts Since 1958" are maps of Somalia 1992-93 and the city of Mogadishu.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/somalia.html (6705 words)

	The History Guy: Ethiopia-Somalia Wars and Conflicts
		Somalia's post-independence leaders sought to unite all Somalis within a "Greater Somalia," and this goal brought Somalia into nearly constant conflict with its neighbors.
		Somalia lost the war, its military was wrecked, and the stage was set for the civil war of the 1980s.
		In mid-July of 1982, Somali rebels with Ethiopian air support invaded Somalia in the center, threatening to split the country in two.
	www.historyguy.com /ethiopia_somali_wars.html (438 words)

	Banadir City: History
		SOMALIA IMPERIAL PARTITION The last quarter of the nineteenth century saw political developments that transformed the Somali Peninsula.
		Somalia was formed by a merger of two former colonial territories: British Somaliland, in the north, and its larger and more populous neighbour, Italian Somaliland.
		The history of East Africa without its association with Islam and Arab influences is like European history without Rome and Greece.
	www.markacadey.net /mcn/history/history.htm (698 words)

	Military.com Resources
		When clan violence in 1992 threatened international relief efforts in Somalia, a U.S.-led coalition was sent in to provide relief for the thousands of Somalis who were caught in the crossfire of a deadly civil war.
		IRIN Somalia Archive - Provides an extensive archive of news articles on the continuing crisis in Somalia.
		United Nations Somalia - Read about the ongoing humanitarian efforts in Somalia from this official UN resource.
	www.military.com /Resources/HistorySubmittedFileView?file=history_somalia.htm (503 words)

	Travel in Mogadishu - Somalia History
		SRC members included officers ranging in rank from major general (Siad Barre and Jaama Ali Qoorsheel) to captain, but the young Soviet-trained junior officers--versed in Marx and Lenin--who had encouraged the coup were excluded from important positions in the revolutionary regime.
		Eventually, Siad Barre emerged as Somalia's strongman, spokesman for its revolution, and leader of its government.
		In 1971 he announced the regime's intention to phase out military rule after the establishment of a political party whose central committee ultimately would supersede the SRC as a policy- and decision-making body.Diplomatic setbacks also occurred in 1986, however.
	www.africatravelling.net /somalia/mogadishu/mogadishu_history.htm (570 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Country profiles \| Country profile: Somalia
		In 1977, with the help of Soviet arms, Somalia attempted to seize the Ogaden region of Ethiopia, but was defeated thanks to Soviet and Cuban backing for Ethiopia, which had turned Marxist.
		Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, a former leader of the semi-autonomous Somali region of Puntland, was chosen by Somalia's interim parliament as president of the Transitional Federal Government in October 2004.
		Somalia's disintegration is reflected in its media, which is undeveloped, fragmented and often partisan.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1072592.stm (1116 words)

	Somalia: History — FactMonster.com
		Hostilities between Somalia and Ethiopia erupted in 1964, and Kenya became involved in the conflict as well, which continued until peace was restored in 1967.
		Somalia invaded the disputed territory in 1977 but was driven out by Ethiopian forces in 1978.
		The new government was slow to move to Somalia, delayed by disputes over who would be in the cabinet, whether nations neighboring Somalia would contribute troops to African Union peacekeeping forces, and whether the government would be initially established in the capital or outside it.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0861179.html (2174 words)

	The contemporary political history of Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya (Somalia)
		Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives and does not presume to validate their accuracy or authenticity nor to release their copyright.
		Somalia was better off under his dictatorship than the political anarchy, bloodshed and starvation following his overthrow.
		Ali Mahadi, former president of Somalia and who is now chairman of the Somali Salvation Conference accused Sudan of continuous interference in Somali internal affairs by supporting Hussain Aideed.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/33/index-eb.html (677 words)

	WHO EMRO - SOMALIA REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE
		Fouad previously WR for WHO Syria, takes function at a turning point in the history of Somalia and vows to reduce the suffering of populations and the poor health status amidst the prevailing political environment.
		The participation of the media in the polio eradication effort is crucial in the promotion of vaccination, through the dissemination of un-biased, accurate and well-researched articles that would result in proper sensitization and education of mothers, fathers and children.
		Sister Leonella established the nursing school in 2002 and served as the principal until her death on Sunday, September 17, 2006.WHO Somalia is deeply saddened by the loss of Sister Leonella Sgorbati and would like to addresses here its condolences to her relatives and SOS in Somalia and worldwide.
	www.emro.who.int /somalia (1003 words)

	Soma - somalia history
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	shopkirkwoodplaza.com /soma/somalia-history.html (424 words)

	Africa > Somalia > Country Information > History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Once upon a distant time, Somalia was known in the ancient kingdoms as the land called Punt, famed in the eastern world for its frankincense and myrrh.
		The first Europeans to gain a foothold in Somalia were the British who were forced to do so in order to protect the all-important trade routes to India and the Far East.
		The two halves were united in 1960 when both colonial powers conceded independence and withdrew their forces from Somalia.
	www.journeymart.com /DExplorer/Africa/Somalia/ciHistory.htm (508 words)

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