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Topic: Hydroplaning

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	Hydroplaning (road vehicle) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hydroplaning (sometimes aquaplaning) in a road vehicle is an effect similar to planing in a boat.
		In a typical hydroplaning situation, increasing water pressure in front of the wheel means that the amount of water being dispersed by the tread is less than the amount being forced under the wheel.
		Hydroplaning is especially dangerous while the car is on Cruise Control, as the increased reaction time and lack of pedal feel can cause the car to accelerate without warning.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hydroplaning_(road_vehicle) (678 words)

	Hydroplaning - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		With boats, planing or hydroplaning is a method by which a hull skims over the surface of the water, rather than plowing through it.
		With rubber wheeled vehicles, aquaplaning, planing or hydroplaning is a cause of loss of steering control when a layer of water prevents direct contact between the tires and the road surface.
		Hydroplane is also a technical term for a submarine wing used to help control depth, analogous to the elevators on the tail of an aircraft.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hydroplaning (209 words)

	How to Handle Hydroplaning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hydroplaning happens when one or more tires is lifted from the road by a wedge of water that gets trapped in front of and under a tire as the vehicle drives through water.
		Hydroplaning most frequently occurs during heavy rainstorms when water creates puddles on the highway or expressway.
		The speed at which a tire hydroplanes is a function of water depth, vehicle speed, vehicle weight, tire width, tread depth and tread design.
	www.tirerack.com /tires/tests/hydroplaning.jsp (1251 words)

	Hydroplaning
		Hydroplaning has traditionally been thought to pose a problem to larger aircraft, airliners and jets, however small aircraft are just as susceptible to the hydroplane condition.
		By definition, a hydroplane is a motorboat that has been designed to skim long the surface of water.
		The hydroplaning speed in knots (NASA critical speed) is equal to 9 times the square root of the tire pressure (pounds per square inch).
	www.mountainflying.com /hydroplane.htm (486 words)

	Walking on Water - Hydroplaning the ATV
		I also make the big assumption that hydroplaning on the water can be reasonably well modeled by the simple friction expression F = NW where F is the friction force, n is the friction coefficient and W is the weight of the ATV pushing down on the water.
		The possibility of hydroplaning depends on the depth of the water, the speed, tread/paddle pattern, inflation pressure and construction of the tire and the weight of your ATV.
		To increasing your chances of successful hydroplaning it is better to have tire pressure on the high side, rather than the low side, of the manufacturer's specifications.
	www.off-road.com /atv/features/hydro-story (541 words)

	Hydroplaning Issues
		Hydroplaning is the result of your tires moving FAST across a wet surface - so fast that they do not have sufficient time to channel that moisture away from the center of the tire.
		Frankly, I think if you start to hydroplane the odds are that you are going to go down unless you keep the front wheel pointed absolutely dead ahead and it is of the briefest of durations.
		My opinion on the matter is that if you have a choice you should get excellent hydroplaning design on the rear tire (where I believe you need it more) and best possible braking traction design on the front tire.
	www.msgroup.org /TIP035.html (855 words)

	Smart Motorist - Driving In the Rain - Hydraplaning - Aquaplaning
		Hydroplaning (called aquaplaning in Europe and Asia) occurs when water on the roadway accumulates in front of your vehicle's tires faster that the weight of your vehicle can push it out of the way.
		Since hydroplaning can result in a complete loss of traction and vehicle control, you should always reduce speed, paying attention to the traffic around you.
		Hydroplaning science - Hydroplaning is the result of your tires moving quickly across a wet surface - so fast that they do not have sufficient time to channel that moisture away from the center of the tire.
	www.smartmotorist.com /rai/rai.htm (3074 words)

	Hydroplaning: Keep Your Wheels Rolling
		Dynamic hydroplaning occurs when standing water on a wet runway is not displaced from under the tires fast enough to allow the tire to make pavement contact over its total footprint area.
		It should be noted that viscous hydroplaning can occur with a water depth less than dynamic hydroplaning, and skidding can occur at lower speeds, like taxiing to the gate during light rain, applying the brakes and rolling over an oil spill...
		Rubber reversion hydroplaning is less known and is caused by the friction-generated heat that produces superheated steam at high pressure in the tire footprint area.
	www.jet-jobs.com /articles/hydropln.html (1512 words)

	A New Computational Procedure to Predict Transient Hydroplaning Performance of a Tire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hydroplaning performance is one of the vital functions for safety driving on wet road.
		Since hydroplaning performance depends on the velocity of a car, as well as the tire construction and tread patterns, effective simulation tools dealing with all these effects were badly needed.
		To verify the effectiveness of the procedure, predicted hydroplaning velocities for five different simplified tread patterns are compared with experiments measured at proving ground.
	www.tiresociety.org /2000-2009/00abstract/2000-14.htm (241 words)

	NPRM on TIRE PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM FMVSS No. 138
		The conditions that influence hydroplaning include speed, tire design, tread depth, water depth on the road, load on the tires, and inflation pressure.
		However, hydroplaning does not occur very often at speeds below 50 mph, unless there is deep water (usually standing water) on the road.
		This is presented to show the relative effect of inflation pressure on the possibility of hydroplaning.
	www.nhtsa.dot.gov /cars/rules/rulings/TPMS_FMVSS_No138/part5.6.html (1124 words)

	Rain is a four-letter Word
		One of the major causes of hydroplaning is worn tires.
		Hydroplaning occurs when the tires are not in full contact with the road.
		Hydroplaning occurs frequently in light mist or drizzle.
	wheels-in-motion.com /Articles/Rain.html (545 words)

	Defensive Driving Rule #29: Check for Hydroplaning
		Hydroplaning is what happens when the tread on your tires cannot channel all the rain-water out from under your tires - or, from under each patch of tire that is supposed to be resting on the road and providing you with traction.
		When hydroplaning, those tire patches are riding on a layer of water instead of pavement.
		Remember that not hydroplaning means your tread is removing all of the water that gets between your tires and the road surface (channeling it away).
	www.roadtripamerica.com /DefensiveDriving/Rule29.htm (536 words)

	556: Risk Assessment of Submarine Slope Stability - Hydroplaning
		Research shows that under certain conditions a moving slide mass can hydroplane on a layer of water that becomes trapped between the moving slide mass and the underlying soil.
		One of the most important aspects of hydroplaning is the interaction between the moving slide mass and surrounding fluid.
		In particular the research seeks to develop a numerical model for predicting the initiation of hydroplaning of a slide mass and the subsequent motion of the mass once hydroplaning is initiated.
	www.mms.gov /tarprojects/556.htm (367 words)

	Hydroplaning and Wet Traction Simulation using CFD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		These simulations are conducted to evaluate only the tire tread geometry effect whereas hydroplaning and wet traction are complex phenomena caused by tread design, compound, and road surface roughness.
		In a hydroplaning simulation, hydrodynamic force called lift force and mass flow rate through grooves are obtained on thick water layer.
		Also, main effecive factors for hydroplaning and wet traction are found to be footprint-shapes and void area ratio of the tread.
	www.tiresociety.org /2000-2009/01abstract/2001-15.htm (253 words)

	AAA : About AAA : How to Avoid Hydroplaning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		San Francisco, December 13, 2002- Losing control of your car and hydroplaning uncontrollably across the road is every driver's worst nightmare but in many cases the danger can be avoided, according to AAA of Northern California.
		The amount of water on the road, your speed and the condition of your tires affect your car's ability to maintain its traction with the road.
		Be aware of potential hydroplaning conditions: standing water, raindrops bubbling on the road, or a sloshing sound from your tires.
	www.csaa.com /global/articledetail/0,8055,1008010000\|3538,00.html (337 words)

	Hydroplaning of subaqueous debris flows and glide blocks: Analytical solutions and discussion
		Recent experimental research suggests that a basal lubricating layer of water associated with hydroplaning decouples the sediments from the bed, resulting in a dramatic reduction of the basal shear stress.
		The conditions for onset of hydroplaning are discussed in terms of critical densimetric Froude number.
		The principles of laminar boundary layers are used to develop an equilibrium solution for the steady motion of a hydroplaning debris glide block.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2003/2001JB001454.shtml (358 words)

	F150online Forums - hydroplaning - shocks, springs, tires...relation?
		A vehicle hydroplanes on water when a tire cannot displace enough water in front of it to stay in contact with the road, and therefore causes the tire to "skip" on top of the water, causing the vehicle to either slide over some or in a worst case scenario go out of control.
		You are a lot more likely to hydroplane on worn tires than new ones, as a newer tire has more tread to allow water either pass through the treads or by tread design displace more water.
		The hydroplaning is definitely improved, but not as much as I'd thought it would be, thus the question.
	www.f150online.com /forums/showthread.php?t=177910 (1154 words)

	Don't "Hang Ten" in Your Airplane
		We are speaking of hydroplaning, of course, where the tires lose contact with the surface and act like a surfboard.
		V = 9 * SQRT(P) This means that the total hydroplaning velocity (V) in knots is equal to nine times the square root of the tire pressure (P).
		The book for the B Model Piper Aztec says 42 PSI for the main tires, which produces a 58-knot hydroplaning speed, and Vso is listed as 54 knots.
	www.avweb.com /news/airman/184446-1.html (1304 words)

	AAA : About AAA : Risky Roads: Rain Leads to Hydroplaning Danger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The quantity of water on the road, your speed and the condition of your tires affect your car's ability to maintain its traction with the road.
		At 60 mph, water may separate the tire from the road and cause hydroplaning.
		AAA has been a leader and advocate for the safety and security of all travelers since it was founded more than 100 years ago.
	www.csaa.com /global/articledetail/0,1398,1008010000\|5039,00.html (444 words)

	Risky roads: Beware of hydroplaning while driving in wet conditions -- Los Altos Town Crier
		In many instances, hydroplaning uncontrollably can be avoided, according to the American Automobile Association of Northern California.
		The quantity of water on the road, speed and tire condition affect a car's ability to maintain its traction with the road.
		• Be aware of potential hydroplaning conditions: standing water, raindrops bubbling on the road, or a sloshing sound from your tires.
	latc.com /2005/03/02/special_sect/special_sect2.html (416 words)

	All About Bicycle Tires and Tubes
		Car and truck tires need tread, because these vehicles are prone to a very dangerous condition called "hydroplaning." This happens when driving fast in very wet conditions, which can lead to the tire riding up onto a cushion of liquid water.
		This is to help "squirt" the water out ahead of and to the side of the tire contact patch, as a protection against hydroplaning.
		Since hydroplaning is impossible on a bicycle, there's no need to observe this custom.
	www.sheldonbrown.com /tires.html (4717 words)

	Hydroplaning Avoidance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the article titled Hydroplaning Issues the phenomena was discussed in some detail.
		If you know that you are going to be riding in the rain you might consider adding 3 to 5 psi of pressure in your tires.
		Perhaps it is obvious, but to hydroplane you need a certain minimum depth of water under your tires and, thus, to the extent that you can reduce that depth you can reduce the odds of hydroplaning.
	www.msgroup.org /TIP089.html (237 words)

	Hydroplaning and submarine debris flows
		This mechanism, called hydroplaning, begins as the dynamic pressure at the front of the debris flow becomes of the order of the pressure exerted by the weight of the sediment.
		In such conditions a layer of water can intrude under the sediment with a lubrication effect and a decrease in the resistance forces between the sediment and the seabed.
		A physical-mathematical model of hydroplaning is presented and investigated numerically.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2004/2002JC001714.shtml (320 words)

	Layover.com: Layover's Lounge: Hydroplaning
		When you are hydroplaning, you are no on the ground.
		It helps to know everything that's around you if you do hydroplane, so you know if you can use the whole road to recover or not.
		Hydroplaning has a pucker factor of about 15 on a scale of 10.
	www.layover.com /cgi-bin/lounge.pl/Layover'sLounge/105007.html (750 words)

	Proposed Design Guidelines for Reducing Hydroplaning on New and Rehabilitated Pavements
		This digest summarizes proposed design guidelines for reducing hydroplaning on new and rehabilitated pavements developed in NCHRP Project 1-29, "Improved Surface Drainage of Pavements." In this study, and in the PAVDRN computer program, tread depth was assumed to be 3/32 in.
		These values were selected because the data that were available to the authors for extending the range of the hydroplaning algorithm used in PAVDRN were also based on these assumptions.
		These areas are environmental conditions, properties of the pavement surface, geometry of the roadway surface, and the use of drainage appurtenances.
	gulliver.trb.org /news/blurb_detail.asp?id=3046 (327 words)

	Boat Design Forums - desing of an hydroplaning hull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		- - desing of an hydroplaning hull (http://www.boatdesign.net/forums/showthread.php?t=5035)
		I am in a student project and we are building a solar boat for the Solar Splash contest.
		For the sprint event, we need to calculate the angle an the surface of an hydroplaning hull.
	www.boatdesign.net /forum/printthread.php?t=5035 (228 words)

	'04 Vue Hydroplaning - SaturnFans Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		I guess the rubber compond loses it's flexibility for one (loss of wet road traction)and then also has a crappy water evacuation design as the rubber wears down (hydroplaning).
		Big grooves in the center of the tire aren`t good enough unless they are connected to the outside of the tire, and these grooves should be wide enough to handle the water.
		In 55,000 miles of driving the VUE it was the first time it had ever hydroplaned and it was about 300 miles after the new Dueller HT's were put on.
	www.saturnfans.com /forums/showthread.php?t=54229 (2303 words)

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