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Topic: Igbo language

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	Igbo language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Igbo is a language spoken in Nigeria by around 18 million speakers (the Igbo), especially in the southeastern region once identified as Biafra.
		Although Igbo is taught at all levels in eastern Nigerian schools, English remains the literary language that is to be studied extensively.
		Igbo is a tonal language with two distinctive tones; high and low.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Igbo_language (904 words)

	Igbo People
		It is believed that the Igbo originated in an area about 100 miles north of their current location at the confluence of the Niger and Benue Rivers.
		The earliest surviving Igbo art forms are from the 10th century (Igbo Ukwu), and the fine quality of those copper alloy castings suggest that Igbo society had already achieved a level of technology rivaling contemporary Europeans.
		As a result of regional and political fragmentation, which is mirrored in the several distinct languages traditionally spoken by the hundreds of different village groups, it would be reductionist to attempt to illustrate the traditional religious practices of the Igbo as a whole.
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/people/Igbo.html (505 words)

	Linguistics Language Program - LING 19 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Igbo, or Ibo, is a language of the Niger-Congo family of languages.
		It is the language of the Igbo people, one of the largest ethnic groups in Nigeria, whose 15 million members occupy the bulk of Southeastern Nigeria.
		This language is one of the most commonly spoken in Nigeria, and is both an official language (along with English) and the language of trade in the South East.
	ling.ucsd.edu /courses/ling19/ling19langdis/igbo.htm (116 words)

	Who Will Save The Igbo Language? - Nigerian Nollywood Movies on Naijarules.com
		The extent of illiteracy in the use of Igbo language to which the educated and semi- educated Igbo have sunk could be gleaned from the ordeal of a security chief translating a "calm down" message on television in the wake of the Ikeja Army Cantonment bomb blasts scare in January, 2001.
		While some Igbo consciously embrace the language of the ruling group to the detriment of mother tongue, some are subtly conditioned by the prestige and influence overflowing from political authority.
		Although the language question remains a controversial issue for African writers, Chinua Achebe’s position that he is a bilingual speaker of English and Igbo and could therefore, write in either of them, seems to command greater merit than the exclusivist stance of some other writers.
	www.naijarules.com /vb/showthread.php?t=18844 (2664 words)

	Igbo Translation - Translate Igbo Language Translator
		Igbo is a language spoken in Nigeria by about 18 million speakers (the Ibo), especially in the southeastern region once identified as Biafra.
		The language was used by John Goldsmith as an example to justify going away from the classical linear model of phonology as laid out in The Sound Pattern of English.
		Emeka Ojukwu, the military governor of the eastern region, who emerged as the leader of increasing Igbo secessionist sentiment, declared the independence of the eastern region as the "Republic of Biafra." The ensuing Nigerian Civil War was bitter and bloody, ending in the defeat of Biafra in 1970.
	www.translation-services-usa.com /languages/igbo.shtml (4613 words)

	ianalysis.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Igbo is a Kwa language of the Niger-Con go group, spoken in Nigeria.
		Igbo names are grammatical constructions; that is, they constitute a complete expression, often a proverb (traditional Igbo society highly values proverbs, and even the linguistic literature from the area includes them to emphasize points).
		Igbo syllables are of the following types: V, CV, CVN, and N (the syllabic nasal).
	www.csua.berkeley.edu /~pathall/ipaper.html (1630 words)

	Umuigbo USA
		Igbos have a fascinating culture rich in traditions, arts, beliefs, outlooks, proverbs, and the list goes on.
		Teaching the children the Igbo language solidifies their tie to their home and enriches their experience when relating to family and friends in their mother tongue.
		This community service is one of the best an Igbo parent can join, as it will directly affect the development of their children and their peers.
	www.umuigbousa.org (228 words)

	[No title]
		The tone marked forms are used for exact linguistic representation of the language as a tone language.
		Those who show growing interest in the Ìgbò language include the Diaspora children, the native speakers that were actually born in Igboland but grew up partly outside Igboland, linguists, archaeologists, as well as others who simply want to know something of the language.
		This growing awareness that tone marked texts should be of immense help to learners of the language would surely to get to the point where the native speakers would have to start tone marking their texts, whether such texts are meant for other native speakers or not.
	www.openroad.net.au /languages/african/igbo (586 words)

	Igbo Accent Codes
		Igbo is spoken in Eastern Nigeria, Cameroon and elsewhere.
		Igbo is written in the Roman alphabet but includes dotted vowels, and so requires special font keyboard support separate from languages like Spanish and French.
		Language tags are also suggested so that search engines and screen readers parse the language of a page.
	tlt.its.psu.edu /suggestions/international/bylanguage/igbo.html (740 words)

	Speaking of Igbo language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Presently, foreign languages are more respected in Igboland, especially the English language, to the extent that you must credit the subject before you can gain admission into an institution of higher learning.
		language (spoken in Fako Division, South West Province) is facing the same condition as the Igbo language.
		If a stranger comes, it is good to communicate in a language the person can understand but, in a case where you cannot express yourself in the person’s language, it is better to bring in an interpreter and not look at yourself as being inferior.
	www.kwenu.com /publications/maduabum/igbo_language.htm (1480 words)

	allAfrica.com: Nigeria: Igbo Language May Be Extinct in 20 Yrs-- Expert (Page 1 of 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		RENOWNED language scholar and Criminologist, Dr Paul Obianaso has warned that the Igbo Language would be extinct in the next 20 years if the current rate of decline in its use is sustained.
		He lamented that most Igbo parents especially the elites are not only shunning the Igbo language,culture and tradition but are refusing to teach their children thereby speeding up the process of their extinction.
		Dr Obianaso accused Igbo political elites of abandoning their traditional platforms in the pursuit of wealth and power adding that this had led to the continued absence of united platform for the Igbonation to achieve rapid and meaningful developmentwithin the Nigerian polity.
	allafrica.com /stories/200611201405.html (457 words)

	Igbo language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Igbo is one of the four official languages of Nigeria and is a member of the Niger-Congo family of languages.
		The first book in Igbo, Isoama-Ibo a primer, was produced in 1857 by Samuel Ajayi Crowther, an ex-slave and teacher who was also an outstanding African linguist, leader, and Africa's first Anglican bishop.
		The standard written form of Igbo is based on the Owerri and Umuahia dialects and has been in use since 1962.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/igbo.htm (237 words)

	PanAfrLoc \| PanAfrLoc / Igbo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Igbo represents a dialect continuum, belonging to the Igbo Group of Kwa.
		Igbo is the major language of south-eastern Nigeria spoken predominantly in Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, Imo and Rivers States.
		Igbo is a national language, also widely used in primary schools as a medium of instruction.
	www.bisharat.net /wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Igbo (548 words)

	LINGUIST List 12.958: Language Problems & Language Planning 24:2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It focuses, first, on how language was introduced as an important marker for ethnic identity, and, second, on how the notion of the existence of an 'Igbo language' was successfully employed in debates by Igbo ethnic nationalists and others.
		Early efforts to standardize the Igbo language were initiated by missionaries and the colonial government, who had also decided upon the boundaries of the Igbo language and the Igbo ethnic group.
		Thus, the notion of the existence of one shared Igbo language was important and not the existence of a vernacular readership in that language.
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/12/12-958.html (713 words)

	Igbo Net
		Traditionally, the Igbos have emphasized individual enterprise (without loosing the sense of community), which has sometimes been used as an explanation for their "success" and mobility.
		"I[g]bo culture can thus be characterized by its emphasis on individual achievement and initiative, alternative prestige goals and paths of action, a tendency toward equalitarian leadership, considerable incorporation of other peoples and cultures, a great deal of settlement and resettlement of individuals and small groups, and considerable cultural variation".
		The Igbo have remained 'Igbo' in their attitude to and style of life; that is, while changing they were able to preserve their 'ethnic essence' because they were astute enough to use in their own way, the new institutions and values introduced by colonialism"
	www.africa.upenn.edu /Listserv/igbo_net.html (1364 words)

	Dr. Ernest N. Emenyonu: Achebe and the Problematics of Writing in Indigenous Languages
		To Achebe, Union Igbo was a mechanical standardization, and its use in the translation of the Bible into Igbo in 1913 was a legacy detrimental to the growth and development of Igbo language and culture.
		Although in the Igbo republican culture, freedom of expression is encouraged and cultivated, and a child who washes his hands could eat with kings, this is not an invitation to anarchy and the denigration of hierarchy.
		Igbo linguists, scholars and writers can learn something from the Yoruba at least their intellectual attitude of accommodation and their commitment to the collectivist goal of advancing the development of Yoruba Language Studies from one generation to the other despite differences in the Yoruba which they speak in their intra-ethnic forums.
	www.kintespace.com /kp_emenyonu.html (4733 words)

	Igbo Community Association in the Midlands
		Igbos are resident in all parts of the United Kingdom but in the Midlands they form a closely knit community of highly enterprising people with numerous professionals spread in the fields of Medicine, Engineering, Law, Pharmacy, Architecture, Business Administration, Accountancy to name a few.
		The Igbos (as they are known) come from the eastern part of Nigeria in the West Coast of Africa and are one of the main Nigerian ethnic groups.
		It is a social and welfare voluntary organisation dedicated to the strengthening of the Igbo community in the West Midlands and the demonstration of Igbo culture to the people of the West Midlands and the UK in general.
	www.ndigboatmidlands.com (347 words)

	languagehat.com: STANDARDIZING IGBO.
		I had not realized that Igbo (sometimes called Ibo, which is how you should say it unless you're a whiz at coarticulated labial-velar stops) had such a long and contentious history of attempts at standardization; Achebe and the Problematics of Writing in Indigenous Languages, by Ernest N. Emenyonu, lays out the whole sorry history:
		The Igbo language has a multiplicity of dialects some of which are mutually unintelligible.
		Two decades after his initial condemnation of Union as well as Standard Igbo, Achebe had not shifted from his position that Igbo writers should be free to write in their various community dialects unencumbered by any standardization theories or practices.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/002474.php (778 words)

	igbohistory
		Isuama Igbo: type of dialect used in Igbo studies as a standard dialect by emancipated slaves of Igbo origin settled in Sierra Leone and Fernando Po (now part of Equatorial Guinea) in the 1800s (Oraka p.
		The Board of Education in Nigeria was reorganized to conform to the provisions of the Ordinance.
		Its main objectives were to adopt words from different dialects of Igbo, whether or not they belonged to the "Central" dialect areas, for the purpose of enriching the Igbo language.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/mealac/pritchett/00fwp/igbo/igbohistory.html (2921 words)

	Epilepsy Action: Igbo Language Epilepsy Helpline for UK re
		In partnership with the organisation Language Line, telephone advice and information is available in 150 languages, including Igbo.
		All Language Line interpreters are highly qualified in their field.
		Language Line interpreters are specifically trained in telephone interpreting.
	www.epilepsy.org.uk /services/freephone_languageline.cfm?idl=34 (261 words)

	IGBO Basics - Culture
		Igbo Culture deals with certain artifacts and mores by which the Igbos single themselves out from other ethnic groups.
		The culture of the Igbos finds expressions in their agriculture, intellectual reasoning, moral values, dresses, foods, kinship, marriages and languages.
		The culture of the Igbos modify the thoughts, speech, actions and artifacts of the Igbos so much that the Igbos are easily distinguished from other ethnic groups.
	www.igbobasics.com /culture.html (400 words)

	African Languages - Igbo, Ganda, Mende, Bandi, Loki (ASC)(MSU)
		Igbo is spoken in most of Anambra State, northern Rivers State, and also in Midwestern State, all in the lower Niger River Basin area of Nigeria.
		Ganda is a regional language in Uganda, the official vernacular language of education in many school districts, and a lingua franca.
		Mende is a regional lingua franca and first language in southern Sierra Leone; it is one of the four major languages of Sierra Leone.
	www.isp.msu.edu /AfrLang/language3.htm (345 words)

	Igbo Tribe
		Types of Art:Due to the diversity of the Igbo people, it is impossible to generalize about a pure Igbo art style, which has characteristically been representative of numerous geographical regions.
		History:It is believed that the Igbo originated in an area about 100 miles north of their current location at the confluence of the Niger and Benue Rivers.
		Religion:As a result of regional and political fragmentation, which is mirrored in the several distinct languages traditionally spoken by the hundreds of different village groups, it would be reductionist to attempt to illustrate the traditional religious practices of the Igbo as a whole.
	www.gateway-africa.com /tribe/igbo_tribe.html (516 words)

	SparkNotes: Things Fall Apart: Themes, Motifs & Symbols
		In demonstrating the imaginative, often formal language of the Igbo, Achebe emphasizes that Africa is not the silent or incomprehensible country that books such as Heart of Darkness made it out to be.
		Through his inclusion of proverbs, folktales, and songs translated from the Igbo language, Achebe managed to capture and convey the rhythms, structures, cadences, and beauty of the Igbo language.
		Though the colonizers, for the most part, view the Igbo’s understanding of the world as rudimentary, the Igbo perceive these animal stories, such as the account of how the tortoise’s shell came to be bumpy, as logical explanations of natural phenomena.
	www.sparknotes.com /lit/things/themes.html (1510 words)

	Igbo Translation Service - English to Igbo Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Language is a living thing it develops and changes constantly.
		The states where Igbo is spoken as the only or majority language are Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo.
		It is also spoken in the northeast of Delta State and the southeast of Rivers State, Oyigbo LGA and the Opobo part of Opobo-Nkoro LGA, and alongside Ibani in Bonny LGA.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/igbo_translation.shtml (569 words)

	Igbo language resources
		Igbo people, it is impossible to generalize about a pure Igbo art style, which has characteristically been representative of numerous geographical regions.
		Index to photographs from Ohafia Igbo and Abam Igbo All photographs by G. Jones Copyright to these photographs belong to the G. Jones estate and is managed by the Museum of Archaeology and...
		Ndi Igbo in Igbo) is a language spoken in Nigeria by around 18 million speakers (the Igbo), especially in the southeastern region once identified as Biafra.
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Igbo.html (1221 words)

	Igbo Net: Igbo Language Center, Igbo Language Forum, and Igbo Language Lab @ IgboNet
		As you probably know already, Ìgbo is one of the major African languages.
		If you are an Ìgbo, it is important that you learn to speak, read, and write Ìgbo because the language of a people is their most important heritage on which the survival of their culture and their continued existence on earth as a people largely depend.
		Igbo Language Forum and the Language Laboratory also at the Igbo Language Forum to participate in discussions about these lessons and other issues related to the Igbo Language.
	ilc.igbonet.com (259 words)

	Teach Yourself Igbo Language, Learn to Speak Ibo: Traditions &Cultures, Marriages &Funeral Ceremonies & ...
		You see, many Igbo children, especially those living abroad, or more specifically; children whose parents are of the Igbo stock, cannot speak the language.
		Presently, foreign languages are more respected in Igboland, especially the English language, to the extent that you must pass the subject before you can gain admission into an institution of higher learning.
		You see, many Igbo sons and daughters fail to gain admission into the university because of their inability to pass the English language, even after scoring high marks in other subjects.
	www.teachyourselfigbo.com (2564 words)

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