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Topic: Infrared

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Infrared camera

Infrared astronomy

Infrared photography

Thermography

Thermal imaging

Electromagnetic spectrum

Infrared filter

Infrared spectroscopy

Electromagnetic spectroscopy

Ultraviolet

Image intensifier

Radio frequency

Thermal radiation

Visible spectrum

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	INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY
		Infrared photography is of interest to the amateur and commercial photographer and to scientists and technologists because it produces images that are not possible with conventional photographic films.
		In infrared photographs made outdoors from the ground or from the air, grasses and the foliage of deciduous trees appear white because of the high near-infrared transmission characteristic of green chlorophyll and the high infrared reflectance of the underlying cellulosic structure of these subjects.
		Infrared photographs have been used for the construction of charts, the study of sandbars and silting of navigable channels, the control of erosion and pollution, the charting of currents, and the study of marine life.
	www.rit.edu /~andpph/text-infrared-basics.html (3854 words)

	Cool Cosmos
		Infrared Astronomy is the detection and study of the infrared radiation (heat energy) emitted from objects in the Universe.
		In the field of astronomy, the infrared region lies within the range of sensitivity of infrared detectors, which is between wavelengths of about 1 and 300 microns (a micron is one millionth of a meter).
		In the infrared, where planets have their peak brightness, the brightness of the star is reduced, making it possible to detect a planet in the infrared.
	coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu /cosmic_classroom/ir_tutorial/importance.html (1098 words)

	Infrared Waves
		"Near infrared" light is closest in wavelength to visible light and "far infrared" is closer to the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
		The longer, far infrared wavelengths are about the size of a pin head and the shorter, near infrared ones are the size of cells, or are microscopic.
		Infrared film 'sees' the object because the Sun (or some other light source) shines infrared light on it and it is reflected or absorbed by the object.
	science.hq.nasa.gov /kids/imagers/ems/infrared.html (1189 words)

	Infrared - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Infrared radiation is popularly known as heat radiation, since many physics teachers traditionally attribute all the heating caused by the sun to infrared light.
		Infrared radiation is used in infrared saunas to heat the sauna's occupants, and to remove ice from the wings of aircraft (de-icing).
		Infrared radiation spectroscopy is the study of the composition of (usually) organic compounds, finding out a compound's structure and composition based on the percentage transmittance of IR radiation through a sample.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Infrared (1471 words)

	Infrared photography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Infrared photography was popular with 1960s recording artists, because of the unusual results; Jimi Hendrix, Donovan and the Grateful Dead all issued albums with infrared cover photos.
		Digital camera sensors are sensitive to infrared light, which would interfere with the normal photography by confusing the autofocus calculations or softening the image (because infrared light is focused differently than visible light), or oversaturating the red channel.
		Infrared photography is usually not practical with these cameras because the exposure times become overly long, creating noise and motion blur in the final image.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Infrared_photography (595 words)

	Infrared
		Infrared is used extensively in specially-designed ovens for drying painted and enameled surfaces, leather, metals, papers and textiles.
		The detection of infrared radiation is used by astronomers to observe stars that are invisible in ordinary light or emit radiation.
		Infrared devices were used during WW2 and enabled sharpshooters to see their targets in total darkness.
	www.smgaels.org /physics/infrar_1.htm (419 words)

	Electromagnetic Spectrum
		The term "infrared" refers to a broad range of frequencies, beginning at the top end of those frequencies used for communication and extending up the the low frequency (red) end of the visible spectrum.
		Infrared spectrometers are widely used to study the vibrational spectra of molecules.
		Infrared does not penetrate the atmosphere well, but astronomy in the infrared is carried out with the Spitzer Space Telescope.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/ems3.html (572 words)

	Spitzer Science: Why Infrared?
		The infrared region is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum stretching from about 1 micron (near-infrared) to 200 microns (far-infrared).
		Infrared observations are therefore of particular importance in studying low-temperature environments such as dusty interstellar clouds where stars are forming and the icy surfaces of planetary satellites and asteroids.
		Many atoms and ions have spectral features in the infrared which can be used for diagnostic studies of stellar atmospheres and interstellar gas, exploring regions which are too cool or too dust-enshrouded to be reached with optical observations.
	www.spitzer.caltech.edu /science/whyir/index.shtml (484 words)

	Infrared Spectroscopy
		Photon energies associated with this part of the infrared (from 1 to 15 kcal/mole) are not large enough to excite electrons, but may induce vibrational excitation of covalently bonded atoms and groups.
		Infrared spectrometers, similar in principle to the UV-Visible spectrometer described elsewhere, permit chemists to obtain absorption spectra of compounds that are a unique reflection of their molecular structure.
		Infrared spectra may be obtained from samples in all phases (liquid, solid and gaseous).
	www.cem.msu.edu /~reusch/VirtualText/Spectrpy/InfraRed/infrared.htm (1310 words)

	What is Infrared?
		Infrared is an energy similar to visible light, but with a longer wavelength.
		Infrared energy is invisible to the human eye, however, while visible light energy is emitted by objects only at a very high temperature, infrared energy is emitted by all objects at ordinary temperatures.
		Infrared energy from objects in a scene are focused by optics onto an infrared detector.
	www.infrared.com /what_is_infrared.htm (181 words)

	Infrared Thermometer - OMEGA
		As such, the infrared thermometer is useful for measuring temperature under circumstances where thermocouples or other probe type sensors cannot be used or do not produce accurate data for a variety of reasons.
		Since the infrared device determines the average temperature of all surfaces within the field of view, if the background temperature is different from the object temperature, a measurement error can occur.
		This technique is not dissimilar to the infrared thermometers described so far, but measures the ratio of infrared energy emitted from the material at two wavelengths, rather than the absolute energy at one wavelength or wave band.
	www.omega.com /prodinfo/infraredthermometer.html (1280 words)

	Space Today Online - SIRTF - the Space Infrared Telescope Facility
		The heat is infrared energy on the electromagnetic spectrum between the wavelengths of 3 and 180 microns.
		Because infrared energy is heat, the telescope must be cooled to a temperature near absolute zero to see infrared unobstructed by heat generated by the telescope itself.
		The image by Spitzer's infrared array camera is a four-color composite of invisible light, showing in blue the emissions from wavelengths of 3.6 microns, in green the 4.5 micron emissions, in yellow the 5.8 micron emissions, and in red the 8.0 micron emissions.
	www.spacetoday.org /DeepSpace/Telescopes/GreatObservatories/SIRTF/SIRTF.html (1768 words)

	Infrared
		The infrared segment of the electromagnetic spectrum is divided into 3 segments by wavelength, measured in microns or micrometers (a micron = 1/1,000,000 of a meter); 0.076 ~ 1.5 microns = near or close; 1.5 ~ 5.6 = middle or intermediate; 5.6 ~ 1,000 = far or long wave infrared.
		Thus an infrared based system can warm its user(s) to a much greater depth and much more efficiently than a conventional sauna, as its energy output is primarily used to convert energy directly to heat in us and not to create excessively hot air that then only heats the skin superficially.
		Infrared healing is now becoming the leading edge in the care of soft tissue injuries to promote both relief in chronic or intractable "permanent" cases, and accelerated healing in newer injuries.
	www.herbalenium.com /sauna/infrared.htm (5093 words)

	Newton's Apple: Teacher's Guides
		If you combine infrared radiation with radio waves, microwaves, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X rays, and gamma rays, you'll end up with a broad band of radiation frequencies called the electromagnetic spectrum.
		Using special infrared scanners, a thermographic scanner takes these differences in radiation intensity, codes them by color, and maps them out so that "hot spots" can be detected.
		Using your television's remote control as a source of infrared radiation, you will compare the behavior of a beam of infrared radiation to that of a beam of visible light.
	www.ktca.org /newtons/11/infrared.html (1192 words)

	Infrared Waves
		"Near infrared" light is closest in wavelength to visible light and "far infrared" is closer to the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
		The longer, far infrared wavelengths are about the size of a pin head and the shorter, near infrared ones are the size of cells, or are microscopic.
		Infrared film 'sees' the object because the Sun (or some other light source) shines infrared light on it and it is reflected or absorbed by the object.
	imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov /ems/infrared.html (1189 words)

	wrotniak.net: Infrared Photography with a Digital Camera
		Remember also that the infrared image should be underexposed only enough to avoid the red channel overload — but not more, as this will result in more noise amplification when the tonal range is restored.
		The most rewarding subject to shoot in infrared are sunny outdoors scenes, especially with lots of foliage, grass, and water, preferably with some nice, white clouds in the sky.
		Infrared is not a common medium for people shots, but I have seen some very good IR portraits.
	www.wrotniak.net /photo/infrared (4695 words)

	Infrared Photography by Thom Hogan
		Infrared is a spectrum of light beyond that which we normally see.
		To take “infrared” pictures—i.e., photos primarily made up of near infrared energy—you need to filter out the visible light and only allow the near infrared and infrared spectrum through to the film or sensor.
		Once you’ve taken an infrared shot, you’ll probably want to manipulate it a bit to make it better emulate the look of infrared film, which has unusual "color" (white foliage, for example) and a bit of graininess and bloom to edges.
	www.bythom.com /infrared.htm (1485 words)

	KODAK EKTACHROME Professional Infrared EIR Film: Tech Pub TI2323
		Infrared sensitivity allows you to see color signatures between objects that are visually quite similar.
		Infrared radiation appears as red, which is the result of yellow dye formation in one layer, magenta dye formation in a second layer, and the absence of cyan dye.
		Infrared film can be effective for reconnaissance and camouflage detection when photographing objects painted to simulate foliage.
	www.kodak.com /global/en/professional/support/techPubs/ti2323/ti2323.jhtml (3498 words)

	What is Infrared Radiation? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A rainbow shows the optical (visible) part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum and infrared (if you could see it) would be located just beyond the red side of the rainbow.
		Astronomers have found that infrared radiation is especially useful when trying to probe areas of our universe that are surrounded by clouds of gas and dust.
		Because of infrared's longer wavelength, it can pass right through these clouds and reveal details invisible by observing other types of radiation.
	www.us-gemini.noao.edu /public/infrared.html (393 words)

	CoCam: Infrared Photography - Infrared FAQ
		Infrared photography uses films that are sensitive to both the light we can see and some of the longer length (above 700 nm) infra-red radiation.
		Infrared light is reflected from the camera film pressure plate back onto the film and records as halos if the pressure plate is flat and without "dimples".
		Using a modified camcorder with sensitivity in the infrared light range, he was able to see the IR sensors light up as the film moved across the film gate of the camera.
	www.cocam.co.uk /CoCamWS/Infrared/INFRARED.HTM (11965 words)

	What is Infrared Radiation?
		A rainbow shows the optical (visible) part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum and infrared (if you could see it) would be located just beyond the red side of the rainbow.
		Astronomers have found that infrared radiation is especially useful when trying to probe areas of our universe that are surrounded by clouds of gas and dust.
		Because of infrared's longer wavelength, it can pass right through these clouds and reveal details invisible by observing other types of radiation.
	www.gemini.edu /public/infrared.html (393 words)

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