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Topic: Islet


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In the News (Sat 26 Dec 09)

  
  Islet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A rock, a sometime synonym for a type of "islet", is a landform comprised of rock, lying offshore, having no or minimal vegetation, and uninhabited (see Mōkōlea Rock at left).
As with many of these terms, the actual size limits of islets are subjective, and vary from area to area, and person to person.
Islets are often called cays and keys in the Caribbean and West Atlantic.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Islet   (224 words)

  
 ITN Investigator Advocates Islet Tranplant Before Senate
Islets isolated from a cadaver donor pancreas were resuspended in buffer, transferred to a transfusion bag, and infused over 20 min through the catheter into her portal vein (Fig.
Infused islets were then carried by her blood to smaller branches of the portal vein, where they lodged, engrafted, and resumed tightly controlled secretion of insulin in response to her blood sugar levels.
Islet transplants for the treatment of diabetes are being covered by several provinces in Canada, where a landmark pilot clinical trial called the Edmonton Protocol was performed in 2000.
www.immunetolerance.org /news/articles/itn_news/article_356.html   (1757 words)

  
 Islet - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
Transplanted islet cells yield results: interim data from international trial.
High-glucose stimulation of 64,000-Mr islet cell autoantigen expression.
Pancreatic Islet Cell Transplantation: 1892-1992 One Century of Transplantation for Diabetes
encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /islet.htm   (246 words)

  
 Ferret Insulinoma FAQ
Islet cell tumors, also known as insulinomas, are the most common neoplasm in the ferret, based on the frequency of surgical and autopsy submissions at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.
Islet cell tumors are often found as incidental findings at autopsy of animals dying of unrelated causes.
Signs that are more diagnostic of islet cell tumors are episodic depression and lethargy, which in some animals manifests as stupor (apparent loss of touch with its surroundings), salivation, difficulty in using the hind legs, vocalization, and in cases of severe hypoglycemia, seizures.
www.ferretcentral.org /faq/med/insulin.html   (1725 words)

  
 The Islet Foundation - 7 of 7 Patients Cured of Diabetes Using Edmonton Protocol
Islets were isolated by ductal perfusion with cold, purified collagenase, digested and purified in xenoprotein-free medium, and transplanted immediately by means of a percutaneous transhepatic portal embolization.
Samples were collected in duplicate for the quantification of the islets, expressed in terms of islet equivalents, the standard unit for reporting variations in the volume of islets, with the use of a standard islet diameter of 150 µm.
Islet preparations that had more than 4000 islet equivalents per kilogram of the recipient's body weight in a packed-tissue volume of less than 10 ml were judged safe for transplantation.
www.islet.org /49.htm   (4130 words)

  
 txt001dgo: Islet cell transplantation for insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus: perspectives from the present and ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
The survival of islet allografts in these patients was better than has been the experience of islet allotransplantation in type 1 diabetes, and as high as 9 out of 15 (60%) became insulin independent (Ref. 12).
Islet transplantation from living donors who are related to the recipient is unfortunately not an option that can be pursued because of the morbidity associated with partial removal of the pancreas and the risk of inducing diabetes in the donor after the procedure (Ref. 15).
Islets are peculiarly vulnerable to allograft rejection, although it has been suggested that the problem with islets might be more a failure to induce active tolerance mechanisms (Ref. 147).
www-ermm.cbcu.cam.ac.uk /00001861h.htm   (10836 words)

  
 National Cancer Institute - Islet Cell Carcinoma (Pancreatic) Treatment
Islet cell cancer, a rare cancer, is a disease in which cancer (malignant) cells are found in certain tissues of the pancreas.
The hormone-producing area of the pancreas has special cells called islet cells and is called the endocrine pancreas.
Islet cell cancers that make too many hormones are called functioning tumors.
www.cancer.gov /cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/isletcell/patient   (411 words)

  
 Diabetes Islet Transplants Closer to Reality
Although islet transplants have shown much promise in allowing people to gain independence from insulin therapy, current methods require transplanting a higher number of islets from two to four donor pancreases.
Researchers say in order for islet transplants to become a reality in treating type 1 diabetes, additional advances are needed, such as requiring only one donor pancreas to reduce risks and costs and to increase the availability of islet cells.
Researchers say this early success with a single-donor islet transplant procedure is a major advance but further study in a larger group of people with type 1 diabetes over a longer period of time is needed.
my.webmd.com /content/article/100/105862?src=RSS_PUBLIC   (403 words)

  
 Commercialization of Islet Isolation & Islet Encapsulation   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
Islet Technology, Inc. (ITI) is a biomedical company focusing on the commercialization of two core technologies: islet isolation and islet encapsulation.
ITI has the exclusive license to the islet isolation technology developed by the University of Minnesota, the leading pancreas and islet transplant institution in the world.
Our islet encapsulation technology, developed from patents licensed from the University of California and our own research and development, is based on coating islets with a selectively-permeable material (Algi-Pure™).
www.islet.com   (320 words)

  
 Pancreatic Islet Transplantation   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
Islets are made up of two types of cells: alpha cells, which make glucagon, a hormone that raises the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood, and beta cells, which make insulin.
In an experimental procedure called islet transplantation, islets are taken from a donor pancreas and transferred into another person.
The goal of islet transplantation is to infuse enough islets to control the blood glucose level without insulin injections.
diabetes.niddk.nih.gov /dm/pubs/pancreaticislet   (1150 words)

  
 AllRefer Health - Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumor (Islet Cell Tumors, Islet of Langerhans Tumor, Neuroendocrine Tumors)
A pancreatic islet cell tumor is an uncommon tumor of the pancreas that arises from a distinct type of cell in the pancreas, the islet cell.
Islet cell tumors include insulinomas, glucagonomas, and gastrinomas (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome).
A family history of multiple endocrine neoplasia, type I (MEN I) is a risk factor for the development of islet cell tumors.
health.allrefer.com /health/pancreatic-islet-cell-tumor-info.html   (415 words)

  
 Islet Replacement: JDRF's Research Centers : Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
Launched in 1999, the Center is pursuing ways to improve islet transplantation success both by inducing tolerance in the recipient and by refining the islet isolation methods to ensure high—quality islets and reduce the number of donor material necessary for a successful transplant.
The JDRF-W.W. Smith Charitable Trust Center for Islet Transplantation at the University of Pennsylvania is focused on islets - their isolation, preparation, functional evaluation, and imaging in the context of ongoing clinical trials.
Wide-scale application of islet transplantation using conventional immunosuppressants is not feasible because of long-term side effects.
www.jdrf.org /index.cfm?page_id=102895   (747 words)

  
 Islet cell transplant: Emerging treatment for type 1 diabetes - MayoClinic.com   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
Usually, islet cells need to be extracted from two or more donor organs in order to come up with enough islets for a single complete transplant.
Islet cell infusions are repeated as donor organs become available and until desired insulin production is reached.
Your new islet cells may fail because your immune system rejects the foreign cells, the new cells don't survive in the environment of the liver, or recurring diabetes-related events destroy the cells.
www.mayoclinic.com /invoke.cfm?id=DA00046   (1639 words)

  
 Pancreatic Islet Transplantation to Treat Type I Diabetes
While research has focused primarily on islet transplantation for type 1 diabetes, this treatment may eventually be considered as a viable option for all diabetic patients, both type 1 and type 2.
Healthy islets are isolated from a donor pancreas, purified, and then infused through a small tube into the portal vein of the liver.
Islet transplantation in seven patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus using a glucocorticoid-free immunosuppressive regimen.
www.fda.gov /cber/genetherapy/pancislet.htm   (1447 words)

  
 Gift of Life: Islet Cell Transplants   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
Perhaps due to their increased beta cell mass or the ease in which islets are released from their pancreata, the best islet cell donors have a high body mass index (BMI).
Isolating islet cells for transplant is a tedious procedure.
Roughly 400,000 islet cells were injected into her liver in an attempt to jump-start insulin production.
www.donors1.org /newsletters/islet_transplantation.htm   (943 words)

  
 Influence of age, hyperglycemia, leptin, and NPY on islet blood flow in obese-hyperglycemic mice -- Carlsson et al. 275 ...
The aim of the present study was therefore to further evaluate the islet blood flow changes that occur in obese mice.
Neuropeptide Y is expressed in subpopulations of insulin and non-insulin producing islet cells in the rat after dexamethasone treatment: a combined immunocytochemical and in situ hybridisation study.
Diet-induced obesity and pancreatic islet blood flow in the rat: a preferential increase in islet blood perfusion persists after withdrawal of the diet and normalization of body weight.
ajpendo.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/4/E594   (4860 words)

  
 The Transplant Center--Islet Transplantation
The University of Minnesota’s Diabetes Institute for Immunology and Transplantation (DIIT) is one of six leading centers in the world perfecting the use of donated pancreatic islet cells (allo-islet) for transplantation as a treatment and potential cure for diabetes.
Islet transplant does not require major surgery and has succeeded in reversing diabetes and achieving insulin independence in about 80 percent of recipients.
The islets are injected into the liver where they secrete insulin directly into the circulatory system to control blood sugars.
www.fairviewtransplant.org /pancreas/islet.asp   (331 words)

  
 ITN - Islet Transplantation Trial
BASIS/RATIONALE: Islet transplantation provides a unique transplant model for clinical bioassay of tolerogenic efficacy in both alloimmunity and autoimmunity, as new tolerance protocols are developed for application in solid organ transplantation.
The consequence of return to insulin, or undergoing islet re-transplantation under an immunosuppressive protocol, would not lead to the loss of a life-sustaining graft.
Development of tolerogenic protocols will have a major impact on advancement of clinical islet transplantation, strengthening the role that islet transplantation would play in the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
www.immunetolerance.org /research/islet/trials/hering1.html   (835 words)

  
 Single-donor Islet Transplantation Procedure Shows Promise For Patients With Type 1 Diabetes   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
Patients with type 1 diabetes who received islet transplantation from a single donor pancreas were insulin independent one year later, according to a study in the February 16 issue of JAMA, a theme issue on medical applications of biotechnology.
New Islet Cell Transplant May Avoid Surgically Induced Diabetes (December 24, 2001) -- A 36-year-old Chicago man is recovering from a partial pancreatectomy followed by an auto-islet cell transplant at the University of Illinois Medical Center at Chicago.
The success rate of islet (cells that produce insulin to control blood sugar levels) transplants has recently been increased markedly by transplanting a higher number of islets prepared from 2 to 4 donor pancreases.
www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/02/050222191610.htm   (601 words)

  
 OLPA - Legislative Updates - Pancreatic Islet Cell Transplantation Act of 2004
Because of the serious shortage of pancreases available for islet cell transplantation, new sources of islet cells must be found.
The supply of cadaveric donor islets is only sufficient to establish insulin independence in approximately 250 transplant recipients per year in the United States, a number far less than the estimated 1 million individuals with Type 1 diabetes.
H.R. 3858, the Pancreatic Islet Cell Transplantation Act of 2004, was introduced by Representative George R. Nethercutt, Jr.
olpa.od.nih.gov /legislation/108/pendinglegislation/pancreatic2004.asp   (456 words)

  
 Islet Technology's Engineering Subsidiary Receives Phase II NIH SBIR Grant   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
This Phase II contract entitled "Optical Diagnostics for the Analysis and Selection of Encapsulated Islets" will fund Artium's continued work on a project integral to Islet's development of technology to encapsulate insulin-producing islets for transplantation to cure Type I diabetes.
The Artium subsidiary, which was merged with Islet Technology in March 2002, is based in Sunnyvale, California.
Bachalo is also VP of Scientific Affairs and a Director of Islet and prior to this position, was a scientific advisor to Islet for three years.
www.islet.com /media/press07.html   (225 words)

  
 Transmission of Maternal Islet Antibodies and Risk of Autoimmune Diabetes in Offspring of Mothers With Type 1 Diabetes ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
Transmission of Maternal Islet Antibodies and Risk of Autoimmune Diabetes in Offspring of Mothers With Type 1 Diabetes -- Koczwara et al.
Islet autoantibodies were measured at birth in 720 offspring
Prevalence of islet antibodies in cord blood of offspring from mothers with type 1 diabetes.
diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/53/1/1   (2868 words)

  
 Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumors   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
The islet cell tumor consists of nests of polygonal cells with vesicular nuclei (18).
Most islet cell tumors are slow growing and asymptomatic but lesions can grow rapidly, cause biliary obstruction and metastasize to the liver or more distantly to the bone (50).
Pancreatic islet cell tumors are associated with pheochromocytomas and are generally not accompanied by cystic pancreatic disease.
www.cc.nih.gov /ccc/med_sci/staff_papers/vonhip/pancreaticislet.html   (337 words)

  
 Islet cell transplants cure type 1 diabetics, restore ability to produce insulin
Some patients have already been cured by islet cell transplants, but a major obstacle is a shortage of donor pancreases to harvest the cells from.
This is because the islet cells in their pancreas, whose job it is to make insulin, have been destroyed.
Jo Brodie, islet project co-ordinator at Diabetes UK, said: "This research is useful in helping us to understand the process involved in islet development and could lead to advances in islet cell transplants for people with Type 1 diabetes.
www.newstarget.com /002830.html   (1048 words)

  
 Challenges facing islet transplantation for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus -- Rother and Harlan 114 (7): 877 ...
Islet and Autoimmunity Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
from the placement of allogeneic islets in the liver (3, 4).
Hepatocyte growth factor gene therapy for pancreatic islets in diabetes: reducing the minimal islet transplant mass required in a glucocorticoid-free rat model of allogeneic portal vein islet transplantation.
www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/114/7/877   (5663 words)

  
 Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumor
It is possible that the main title of the report Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumor is not the name you expected.
Islet cells are small, isolated masses of cells that make up the Islet of Langerhans in the pancreas.
Tumors composed of irregular islet cells may occur alone or in a group of many tumors.
my.webmd.com /hw/cancer/nord716.asp   (484 words)

  
 Pancreatic Islet Cell Transplantation Act of 2003
S. To increase the supply of pancreatic islet cells for research, to provide better coordination of Federal efforts and information on islet cell transplantation, and to collect the data necessary to move islet cell transplantation from an experimental procedure to a standard therapy.
To increase the supply of pancreatic islet cells for research, to provide better coordination of Federal efforts and information on islet cell transplantation, and to collect the data necessary to move islet cell transplantation from an experimental procedure to a standard therapy.
(3) the cost-effectiveness of pancreatic islet cell transplantation, as compared to both standard medical management (such as continued daily insulin injections) and whole pancreas transplantation, for patients with juvenile diabetes.
www.theorator.com /bills108/s518.html   (1154 words)

  
 WetCanvas! - Silver Islet   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
I recently had a chance to visit the Silver Islet Cemetary, which really isn't that far from where I live.
Silver Islet was the worlds richest silver mine.
The cemetary was in use from 1870 to 1937.
jaqua.artistnation.com /forums/printthread.php?t=285030   (216 words)

  
 History confirms Leila islet is Moroccan territory, testimonies
Ben Azzouz recalled in a statement to reporters that in 1746, King Fernando VII gave instructions to draw a map of the islet but that the mission entrusted with the undertaking found out that the islet was not a Spanish land.
In 1751, the governor of Sebta attempted in vain to take possession of the islet, as his attempts were foiled by the combative Anjra tribes, the historian said.
After the islet was liberated in 1813, it was the object of requests in 1814 and in 1831 on the part of Great Britain which wanted to set up there a coal storehouse to supply its boats sailing in the Mediterranean.
www.arabicnews.com /ansub/Daily/Day/020718/2002071834.html   (582 words)

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