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	Johannes Vermeer: The techniques of Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer
		Johannes Vermeer or Jan Vermeer (1632-1675), best known for his painting “Girl with a Pearl Earring,” was a Dutch painter who loved to paint domestic interiors, portraits and city views.
		Possibly trained by Leonaert Bramer or Carel Fabritius, Vermeer was a Master in the Delft painters' guild from 1653, and was conidered a very fine painter in his lifetime, though his skill was nearly forgotten until 1866 when art critic Thoré Burger published an essay attributing 66 pictures to him.
		Today Vermeer is considered to be one of the great Dutch master painters even though it has never been proven that he sold even one of his paintings.
	paintingdrawing.suite101.com /article.cfm/johannes_vermeer (283 words)

	About Johannes Vermeer
		Also in 1653 Vermeer joined the Guild of Saint Luke as a master painter -- an important step in his career as a painter, it meant he had completed his apprenticeship and was ready to work professionally as an artist.
		Vermeer was also an art dealer, but his primary source of income was his mother-in-law.
		Vermeer's death in 1675, probably from a stroke or heart attack at age 43, was stress-related, according to his wife.
	www.tchevalier.com /gwape/vermeer/index.html (573 words)

	Vermeer in Washington
		The exhibition "Johannes Vermeer", on display at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. November 12, 1995 through February 11, 1996 before moving to The Hague's Royal Cabinet of Paintings Mauritshuis, was the first ever exclusively dedicated to the paintings of the celebrated seventeenth-century master of Delft.
		Vermeer's point is that we should lead lives of moderation with full understanding of the implications of a final judgment.
		Vermeer used the informal, close framing of the composition suggested by the camera obscura to accentuate the realistic, immediate impact of the painting.
	www.glyphs.com /art/vermeer (3575 words)

	Wikinfo \| Johannes Vermeer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Johannes Vermeer (1632 - December 15, 1675) was a Dutch painter.
		Vermeer is after Rembrandt the second most famous Dutch painter of the 17th century (a period which is better known as the Dutch Golden Age for its astonishing cultural and artistic achievements).
		Vermeer's transparent colours were produced by bringing the paint unto the canvas in loosely granular layers, a technique called pointillé (not to be confused with Pointillism).
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Johannes_Vermeer (1044 words)

	Johannes Vermeer (1632-1675) \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Although Vermeer's work was known to other connoisseurs in Delft and the neighboring court city of The Hague, and a few of his paintings sold to individuals farther afield (Antwerp and Amsterdam), most Dutch painters turned out hundreds of pictures for a much broader market.
		In 1653, Vermeer married the daughter of a wealthy Catholic divorcée; the painter converted to their religion and moved into their house in the heart of Delft.
		Vermeer was intensely preoccupied with the behavior of light and other optical effects such as sudden recessions and changes of focus.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/verm/hd_verm.htm (843 words)

	Johannes Vermeer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Johannes Vermeer or Jan Vermeer (baptized 31 Oct. 1632, died 15 Dec. 1675) was a Dutch painter who specialized in domestic interior scenes of ordinary bourgeois life.
		Johannes Vermeer was born in 1632, in the city of Delft in The Netherlands.
		Vermeer probably converted to Catholicism shortly before their marriage (certainly, all his children were named after Catholic saints rather than his own mother and father, and one of his paintings, The Allegory of Faith, manifests a Catholic belief in the Eucharist).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Johannes_Vermeer (2278 words)

	Johannes Vermeer
		Johannes (Jan) Vermeer, was a Dutch painter, a master in portraying interior scenes composed with mathematical clarity, much like colour photographs of our time.
		The model is supposed to be Tanneke, a servant in Vermeer's household.
		Their small number is the result of Vermeer's deliberate, methodical work habits, his relatively short life, and the disappearance of many of his paintings during the period of obscurity following his death in Delft on December 15, 1675.
	arthistory.heindorffhus.dk /frame-Vermeer.htm (604 words)

	Jan Vermeer, Biography. - Olga's Gallery
		Jan Vermeer (or Jan van der Meer, or Jan Vermeer van Delft) was born in 1632, the second child of Reynier Janszoon Vos and Digna Baltens.
		Vermeer offers the most impressive reflection of the sophisticated side of seventeenth-century Dutch life; its love for fine furniture, attractive women, lavish clothing, and maps decorating interiors: The Art of Painting (c.1666-1673), Woman with a Water Jug (c.1664-1665) and others.
		Vermeer’s pictures are also moralizing, thus women who had become intoxicated on wine were considered to be the embodiment of sin, and this is a central motif to some of Vermeer’s works: The Glass of Wine (c.1658-1660).
	www.abcgallery.com /V/vermeer/vermeerbio.html (778 words)

	The Ultimate Johannes Vermeer Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		Johannes Vermeer (1632 - December 15, 1675) was a Dutch painter, who is also sometimes referred to as Vermeer of Delft or Johannes van der Meer.
		Alongside Rembrandt, Vermeer is the most famous painter of the so-called Dutch Golden Age, and his paintings are admired for their transparent colours, careful composition and brilliant use of light.
		Vermeer's transparent colours were produced by adding the paint onto the canvas in loosely granular layers, a technique called pointillé (not to be confused with Pointillism).
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/Jan_Vermeer (903 words)

	Vermeer: Genius Ignored
		Vermeer was modestly successful as a painter/art dealer, well-respected in Delft, but never gained much of a reputation outside.
		Vermeer had few or no students to spread the word about the prowess of their master.
		Vermeer's paintings were mostly "private" paintings, not high-profile public commissions or portraits of important society figures.
	www.serve.com /Lucius/Vermeer.index.html (947 words)

	Johannes (Jan) Vermeer biography - Oil painting Art reproductions - Art Sender
		In spite of this he had grave financial troubles (he had a large family to support his wife bore him fifteen children, and she was declared insolvent in the year after his death).
		The Procuress marks the transition to the middle phase of Vermeer's career, for although it is fairly large and warm in tonality - like the two history paintings - it is a contemporary life scene, as were virtually all Vermeer's pictures from now on.
		In the central part of his career (into which most of his work falls) Vermeer painted those serene and harmonious images of domestic life that for their beauty of composition, handling, and treatment of light raise him into a different class from any other Dutch genre painter.
	www.artsender.com /artists/Vermeer_Johannes_(Jan).htm (1103 words)

	The Old Masters - Johannes Vermeer version history
		Johannes Vermeer was heralded in his lifetime as an accomplished artist and held in high esteem.
		Only 36 Vermeer paintings have survived with subjects from the religious to the common foibles of everyday life.
		Version history for The Old Masters - Johannes Vermeer shows you how often it was updated over the past months (starting November 2004) as well as 'what is new' information for each update (if available, since this information provided by the author).
	www.softpile.com /apphistory/the_old_masters_-_johannes_vermeer.html (84 words)

	The Vincent van Gogh Gallery
		Johannes Vermeer, the finest genre painter of the seventeenth century, was born and died in Delft.
		Vermeer married in 1653, had eight children, kept the tavern that he had inherited from his father, and painted in his spare time.
		Vermeer's cool, perfectly balanced paintings present a world so calm as to be almost breathless.
	www.vangoghgallery.com /artistbios/Johannes_Jan_Vermeer.html (305 words)

	Johannes Vermeer (1632 - 1675) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		Vermeer died at the young age of 43, leaving behind a wife and eight children.
		Vermeer painted small domestic scenes, recognizable by the use of light and tone.
		The aim of Vermeer and the Dutch Interior is to contribute to a better understanding of the art of Vermeer, by analysing his paintings of domestic life in relation to works of the same genre by his contemporaries.
	wwar.com /masters/v/vermeer-johannes.html (1400 words)

	Dutch Master from Delft - Johannes Vermeer - Brief Article Insight on the News - Find Articles
		After his death in 1675, painter Johannes Vermeer was forgotten except in his native Holland, and he didn't acquire major fame and widespread admiration until the mid-19th century.
		Johannes Vermeer was born in 1632 in Delft, a Dutch city of 25,000 just north of Rotterdam.
		Vermeer would be a major exception, finishing only two or three works annually.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1571/is_36_17/ai_78790467 (829 words)

	Jan Vermeer
		Vermeer was a Master in the Delft painters' guild from 1653, was elected Dean (hoofdman) in 1662-3 and 1670-71, and was highly regarded in his lifetime, although he seems to have never been particularly wealthy, leaving his wife and 11 children in debt at his death.
		The often discussed sparkling pearly highlights in Vermeer's paintings have been linked to his probable use of a camera obscura, the primitive lens of which would produce halation and, even more noticeably, exaggerated perspective.
		Vermeer's interest in optics is also attested in this work by the accurately observed mirror reflection above the lady at the virginals.
	www.artchive.com /artchive/V/vermeer.html (516 words)

	ArtandCulture Artist: Johannes Vermeer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Two hundred years before film was invented, Vermeer commonly blurred foreground details such as the out-of-focus chair in "A Girl Sleeping." This technique probably reflects the way the camera obscura revealed vision, and enhances the photographic quality of Vermeer’s work.
		Vermeer’s wife spent much of her time in pregnancy (the couple had 13 children), yet it is not known if any of the artist’s models were members of his family.
		Vermeer played a small part in the world’s first middle-class art market, earning his living as an art dealer and innkeeper in Delft.
	www.artandculture.com /cgi-bin/WebObjects/ACLive.woa/wa/artist?id=1296 (674 words)

	Vermeer, Johannes : 1632 - 1675 - Realism, painting, Dutch, Delft, Vermeer, Realism, Photographic Realism, Guild, ...
		Vermeer, a 17th century Dutch painter, is known for the photographic realist representation of his interior scenes.
		Vermeer’s well-known "Little Street in Deft" with its close and geometrically arranged spatial composition and soft coloristic harmonies, probably dates from about 1660.
		Vermeer was exposed to developments in photography as one of the leading European lensmakers was Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, a Delft contemporary.
	www.absolutearts.com /masters/names/Vermeer_Johannes.html (844 words)

	Amazon.com: Vermeer: Books: Arthur K. Wheelock,Johannes Vermeer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Vermeer's rich, saturated colors and use of transparent and translucent glazes are impossible to really reproduce in print, at least at a reasonable cost, not to mention his amazing treatment of specular highlights.
		Since Vermeer was fascinated by light, and the way different surfaces and textures reflected light, Vermeer would not wish to clutter up any space and interfere with the propagation and reflection of light throughout the space.
		Vermeer was nothing if not a painter of light and lighting effects which he treated more like a dynamic and fluid medium which literally molded the space it touched rather than simple lighting in that sense.
	www.amazon.com /Vermeer-Arthur-K-Wheelock/dp/0810927519 (1390 words)

	Johannes Vermeer: Mr. Stolyarov's Gallery of Rational Art
		Vermeer exemplified the height of the Dutch Renaissance, employing a technique that encompassed the finest details of a scene while paying careful attention to macroscopic harmony and order.
		Note, for example, the light directed at the Geografer and his charts, stating, in a wonderful visual metafor, that his is the path to illumination.
		Like the Geografer, the subjects of Vermeer's paintings are industrious, dignified human beings, pursuing worthy and uplifting tasks from painting to music to astronomy.
	www.geocities.com /rationalargumentator/gallery_vermeer.html (131 words)

	WebMuseum: Vermeer, Jan
		During the late 1650s, Vermeer, along with his colleague Pieter de Hooch, began to place a new emphasis on depicting figures within carefully composed interior spaces.
		Moralizing references occur in several of Vermeer's works, although they tend to be obscured by the paintings' vibrant realism and their general lack of narrative elements.
		After his death Vermeer was overlooked by all but the most discriminating collectors and art historians for more than 200 years.
	www.ibiblio.org /wm/paint/auth/vermeer (823 words)

	Jan Vermeer — FactMonster.com
		He was also known as Vermeer of Delft and as Jan or Johannes van der Meer.
		Vermeer apparently produced only one or two pictures a year during his period of greatest activity.
		His career is a mystery to art historians because, although his work was of the finest quality, his output was too small to have been the sole support of his family of 11 children.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0850704.html (363 words)

	Vermeer's Camera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This painting, often referred to as 'The Music Lesson', was created by the great Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer in the 1660s.
		Vermeer (1632-75) only produced about 30 paintings during his lifetime.
		In this article we will explore Professor Steadman's work, which shows how clues that Vermeer has left us in the actual paintings suggest that the paintings can be thought of as photographs as much as paintings.
	www.grand-illusions.com /vermeer/vermeer1.htm (372 words)

	Amazon.com: Johannes Vermeer: Books: Arthur K. Wheelock,Ben Broos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In this strikingly beautiful book, leading Vermeer scholars examine the life and works of this seventeenth-century Dutch master, analyzing his evolution from a painter of religious and mythological images to an artist who explored the psychological nuances of human endeavor.
		Vermeer's personal world - so limited in content yet unforgettably haunting and evocative - is one of stillness and peace suffused with tension.
		Johannes Vermeer is THE text to have on this artist and is unlikely to be superseded anytime soon.
	www.amazon.com /Johannes-Vermeer-Arthur-K-Wheelock/dp/0300065582 (1757 words)

	Paintings of Vermeer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Johannes Vermeer created luscious canvases of limited scope: generally women and men in seventeenth-century rooms, but also occasional outdoor scenes, allegory and religious themes.
		Vermeer (1632-1675) lived all his life in Delft.
		This long-awaited volume contains a large selection of the papers that were delivered at a symposia in Washington, D.C., in 1995 and The Hague in 1996 in connection with the Vermeer exhibition held at the National Gallery of Art and the Mauritshuis respectively.
	www.ballandclaw.com /vermeer (412 words)

	Essential Vermeer
		In precisely the years of Vermeer’s artistic activity, bell-founding and carillon-mounting had reached the peak of a first flourishing in the Netherlands which was one of the most important facets of the Dutch cultural heritage.
		In the first part, Vermeer's palette, drawing, pigments, brushwork, mediums, glazing, grounds are thoroughly analyzed as they are gradually encountered during the painting process The second part contains insights into crucial stylistic components which, together, make a Vermeer a Vermeer, such as color, composition, camera obscura vision and perspective.
		Especially valuable are the large reproductions of the three Vermeer's in the Mauritshuis collection: Girl with a Pearl Earring, View of Delft and Diana and her Companions.
	essentialvermeer.20m.com (1376 words)

	A Complete Catalogue of Johannes Vermeer's Paintings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		DATING: Since very few of Vermeer's paintings were dated by his own hand (probably only The Procuress in 1656), the dates given here are a distillation of those estimated by three contemporary Vermeer scholars: Albert Blankert, Walter Liedtke, and Arthur Wheelock.
		A table of these dates as well as those of other important Vermeer scholars can be found at: Dating Vermeer's Paintings.
		It is therefore cited by the National Gallery of Art itself as a work merely "attributed" to Vermeer.
	www.essentialvermeer.com /vermeer_painting_part_one.htm (459 words)

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