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Topic: Left ventricle

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Right ventricle

Right atrium

Afterload

Diastole

Systole

Atrial septal defect

Ejection fraction

Aortic regurgitation

Ventricular fibrillation

Mitral regurgitation

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Cardiovascular system

Heartbeat

Tachycardia

Circulatory system

	left ventricle
		Adaptation of the left ventricle to exercise-induced hypertrophy.
		The role of the left ventricle in the shape of the arterial pressure wave as affected by age.
		Quantification of messenger ribonucleic acid for atrial natriuretic factor in atria and ventricles of Dahl salt-sensitive and salt-resistant rats.
	www.arclab.org /node_pages/989.html (598 words)

	Heart - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the human body, the heart is normally situated slightly to the left of the middle of the thorax, underneath the sternum (breastbone).
		From the left atrium this newly oxygenated blood passes through the mitral valve to enter the left ventricle.
		The left ventricle is much more muscular (1.3 - 1.5 cm thick) than the right (0.3 - 0.5 cm thick) as it has to pump blood around the entire body, which involves exerting a considerable force to overcome the vascular pressure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heart (1436 words)

	Valves of the Heart
		The left ventricle is the pumping chamber of the left side of the heart and is the most muscular portion of the heart.
		As the left ventricle contracts, the oxygenated blood leaves the heart and crosses the aortic valve, which is the valve that helps to control the flow of blood out of the heart to the body.
		The oxygenated blood leaving the left ventricle and crossing the aortic valve enters the main artery of the body, known as the aorta.
	www.surgery.usc.edu /divisions/ct/hpg-valvesoftheheart3.html (426 words)

	TheFetus.net - Aneurysm, left ventricle-Luís F. Gonçalves, MD, Jeffrey Sims, MD, Philippe Jeanty, MD, PhD
		The thrombus at the apex of the left ventricle is post-mortem.
		Aneurysm of the left ventricle is considered an acquired lesion, secondary to ischemia of the myocardium, and to be occasionally associated with diffuse endocardial sclerosis
		Malignant ventricular arrhythmias in congenital aneurysms of the left ventricle in adulthood.
	www.thefetus.net /page.php?id=33 (1813 words)

	About the Heart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The left atrium and ventricle are connected to each other by an atrio-ventricular orifice which is protected by the mitral valve (two-fold valve).
		The mitral valve is responsible for controlling blood flow between the left ventricle and left atrium.
		The aorta, the body's largest artery, is attached to the left ventricle to pass fresh, oxygenated blood from the heart into the rest of the body.
	www.bethisraelny.org /services/cardiology/left_ventricle.html (121 words)

	President's Message
		Left ventricular end diastolic volume, as noted in the BEST Trial, is one of the best predictors of survival with heart failure.
		Left ventricular end systolic volume, especially in the setting of lowered ejection fraction, is one of the major predictors of survival after myocardial infarction.
		So as we evaluate left ventricular size, we should be looking at more than simple dimension measurements and wall thickness—we should be evaluating and measuring left ventricular volumes because of their importance to diagnosis and prognosis.
	www.asecho.org /Archives/Presidents_Message/body_april04.php (1258 words)

	PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		During early diastole in patients with an isolated defect, flow was initially from the right to the left ventricle and subsequently reversed to become left to right in 29 (91%) of 32 studies.
		Each of the two patients with 1-transposition of the great vessels had flow from the morphologic left to the morphologic right ventricle during isovolumetric contraction and flow from the morphologic right ventricle to the morphologic left ventricle during isovolumetric relaxation, eliminating the role of the AV connection.
		Direction of flow during isovolumetric contraction, during isovolumetric relaxation and during early diastole are not affected by the type of ventricular septal defect, the magnitude of the pressure gradient across the defect, the age of the patient or the associated congenital cardiac defects.
	www.siuh.edu /pediatrics/articles/doc9.html (4509 words)

	Congenital Heart Disease: Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center
		In infants born with HLHS, the left ventricle and the aorta are small and underdeveloped.
		The left ventricle is the lower-left chamber of the heart and is responsible for pumping oxygen-rich blood to the body.
		Without these openings, the left ventricle is shut off from the rest of the heart or the aorta.
	www.tmc.edu /thi/lefthear.html (773 words)

	Heart Anatomy
		The left anterior descending coronary artery is embedded in the surface of the front side of the heart.
		The left circumflex coronary artery circles around the left side of the heart and is embedded in the surface of the back of the heart.
		The pulmonary vein is the vessel transporting oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
	www.cardioconsult.com /Anatomy (1174 words)

	Surgery for left ventricular aneurysm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		All the fibrous and akinetic areas of the left ventricle, including one third to one half of the septal area, are excluded.
		This left ventricular reconstruction is possible with an operative risk below 10% whatever the circumstances of surgery, with objective improvement of the ventricular function of greater than 20% for the global ejection fraction and of greater than 5% for the contractile ejec tion fraction.
		The technique of left ventricular reconstruction by endoventricular circular patch with septal exclusion is described with the recent modification of the autologous septal flap.
	www.ccm.mc /publications/article01.html (3965 words)

	Acquired Left Ventricle to Right Atrial Shunt (Gerbode Defect) and Massive Pulmonary Embolus
		She was successfully treated with autologous pericardial patch closure of her left ventricle-to-right atrial connection, tricuspid valve repair, mitral and aortic valve debridement, and a left pulmonary artery thromboendarterectomy and embolectomy.
		A vertical incision on the left PA revealed total blockage of the left PA before its first branch, with what appeared to be chronic thrombus as well as fresh thrombus.
		In conclusion, this 7-year-old girl suffered from an acquired Gerbode defect and pulmonary thromboembolus secondary to acute Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis and was successfully treated with autologous pericardial patch closure of the left ventricle-to-right atrial connection, tricuspid valve repair, and left pulmonary artery thromboendarterectomy and embolectomy.
	www.ctsnet.org /sections/clinicalresources/clinicalcases/article-14.html (1717 words)

	► Hypoplastic left heart
		Hypoplastic left heart describes the underdevelopment of the left side of the heart (left ventricle, aortic valve, and aorta).
		The problem develops before birth when there is inadequate growth of the left ventricle and associated structures (aortic and mitral valves that guard the exit and entrance of the ventricle and the aorta which is the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the entire body).
		In patients with this condition, the left side of the heart is unable to maintain circulation for the body.
	www.umm.edu /ency/article/001106.htm (320 words)

	eMedicine - Single Ventricle : Article by Alvin J Chin, MD
		Namely, that single ventricle exists when one of the two ventricles is sufficiently small that a series circuit (systemic venous return to ventricle 1 to pulmonary arteries to pulmonary venous return to ventricle 2 to systemic arteries) is incompatible with survival.
		In single left ventricle with transposition of the great arteries and aortic arch obstruction, the aortic stenosis that frequently coexists is due to narrowing at the communication between the left ventricle and the rudimentary right ventricle.
		Patients with single ventricle and the coexistence of interrupted inferior vena cava still have hepatic venous blood draining to the pulmonary venous side of the circulation after a Kawashima variation of the Fontan procedure.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2532.htm (4785 words)

	How the heart works, an animated tutorial
		As the left ventricle starts to contract the mitral valve closes and the aortic valve opens as blood is pumped across it into the aorta.The aorta and arteries that branch from it carry blood to the entire body.
		The left ventricle is the largest and most forcefully contracting chamber of the heart.
		Systole continues as the right and left ventricle contract, pumping blood to the lungs and body, several tenths of a second after the right and left atria have contracted.
	your-doctor.com /healthinfocenter/medical-conditions/cardiovascular/heartpump-tutorial.html (557 words)

	Tetralogy of Fallot, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		This "shunting" of oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to the body results in a reduction in the arterial oxygen saturation so that babies appear cyanotic, or blue.
		A narrower outflow tract from the right ventricle is more restrictive to blood flow to the lungs, which in turn lowers the arterial oxygen level since more oxygen-poor blood is shunted from the right ventricle to the aorta.
		When this occurs, a hole is made in the front surface of the right ventricle (avoiding the coronary artery) and a conduit (tube) is sewn from the right ventricle to the bifurcation of the pulmonary arteries to provide unobstructed blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs.
	www.cincinnatichildrens.org /health/heart-encyclopedia/anomalies/tof.htm (1583 words)

	Congenital Heart Defects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Blood leaves the left ventricle through the aortic valve and enters the aorta, the largest artery (a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood) in the body.
		The oxygen-rich blood, which appears red, then returns to the left atrium and enters the left ventricle, where it is pumped out to the body once again.
		When the structures of the left side of the heart (the left ventricle, the mitral valve, and the aortic valve) are underdeveloped, they are unable to pump blood adequately to the entire body.
	kidshealth.org /parent/medical/heart/congenital_heart_defects.html (1890 words)

	Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome -- Bardo et al. 21 (3): 705 -- RadioGraphics
		Chest radiograph demonstrates an oddly shaped cardiothymic silhouette: The left ventricle does not form the apex of the heart, and the right atrial border is prominent (arrows).
		The left ventricle forms the cardiac apex (open arrow), and the right atrial border is prominent (solid arrows), reflecting dilatation of the right atrium.
		The hypoplastic left ventricle is bypassed and eliminated from the circulation.
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/21/3/705 (5757 words)

	Left ventricle wall thickness :: The Doctors Lounge(TM)
		I went for an echo 2 years ago and in my left ventricle both my septal wall thickness and the post wall thickness were 1.1 (normal is 0.6 - 1.1).
		You have mild left ventricular hypertrophy and since this is worsening since your last echocardiogram, this reflects the fact that your blood pressure has not been under proper control.
		Left ventricular hypertrophy, irrespective of any other disease that patients have, increases the risk of having heart attacks, strokes and renal failure (reflecting the fact blood pressure is poorly controlled).
	www.thedoctorslounge.net /forums/viewtopic.php?t=4041 (660 words)

	American Family Physician: Congenital aneurysm of the left ventricle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Congenital Aneurysm of the Left Ventricle A true aneurysm is defined as an abnormal bulge or outpouching of an artery.
		An aneurysm of the left ventricle may be associated with dyskinetic wall motion during systole.
		Congenital aneurysms of the left ventricle are usually located at the base of the heart, either in the submitral or subaortic region.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_n3_v39/ai_7628353 (272 words)

	Heart Failure: LV reconstruction (Dor)
		Left ventricular (LV) reconstructive surgery allows the surgeon to remove the infarcted (dead) area of the heart tissue and/or the aneurysm and return the left ventricle to a more normal shape.
		Left ventricular reconstructive surgery does require the surgeon to stop the heart and use cardiopulmonary bypass, also known as the heart-lung machine.
		In order to cut into the left ventricle, find the scar tissue and place the stitches, the heart must not be beating.
	clevelandclinic.org /heartcenter/pub/guide/disease/heartfailure/dor.htm (1593 words)

	Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		It separates the left atrium from the left ventricle and allows red blood into the left ventricle.
		When the left ventricle contracts, the mitral valve closes and prevents the blood from returning to the left atrium.
		When the right ventricle relaxes the valve closes preventing the blood from coming back into the right ventricle.
	alcor.concordia.ca /~dc_stron/h2h/gloss.htm (439 words)

	Children's Heart Institute \| How the Heart Works: Blood Flow Diagram
		This initiates a contraction of the walls of the Left Atrium forcing the Mitral Valve to open as the blood gushes into the Left Ventricle.
		The Left Ventricle fills with blood which forces the Mitral Valve to close and initiates the muscle of the Left Ventricle to contract, open the Aortic Valve, and squeeze the blood through the Aortic Valve and on to the body.
		The Right Ventricle fills with blood which forces the Tricuspid Valve to close and initiates the muscle of the Right Ventricle to contract, open the Pulmonic Valve and squeeze the blood through the Pulmonic Valve and on to the lungs.
	www.childrenheartinstitute.org /educate/heartwrk/bloodflw.htm (289 words)

	Tropical Medicine Central Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The left atrium empties slowly, presumably because the small scarred left ventricle cannot take a full volume.
		The enlarged right atrium displaces the root of the aorta to the left, and the right coronary artery is displaced anteriorly in a wide arc as it lies in the atrioventricular (AV) groove and courses to the crux.
		Biventricular EMF with left-sided opacification showing a small deformed left ventricle with loss of the apical portion and reflux into the left atrium from mitral incompetence.
	tmcr.usuhs.mil /tmcr/chapter25/clinical3.htm (429 words)

	Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
		Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a term used to describe a group of closely related rare heart defects that are present at birth (congenital).
		Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is characterized by the underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the chambers on the left side of the heart (i.e., left atrium and ventricle).
		In addition, the mitral valve, which connects these chambers to each other, is usually abnormally narrow (stenosis) or closed (atresia) and the aortic valve, which connects the heart to the major vessels that lead from the lungs (ascending aorta), may also be narrow or closed.
	my.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/nord178.asp (555 words)

	Bios 109 cardiac cycle and questions on the cardiovascular system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		This is shown on the left panel of Fugure 7.13 a.
		Early in this contraction, the blood pressure in the left ventricle exceeds the blood pressure in the left atrium.
		Later in the contraction of the left ventricle, the blood pressure in the left ventricle increases even more and exceeds the blood pressure in the aorta.
	www.bios.niu.edu /griffiths/bios109/109h99cardiac.htm (419 words)

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