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Topic: Lethal injection

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	Lethal injection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lethal injection is used as a method of capital punishment that involves injecting the condemned with fatal doses of drugs to cause death.
		The intravenous injection is usually a mixture of compounds, designed to induce rapid unconsciousness followed by death through paralysis of respiratory muscles and/or by inducing cardiac hyperpolarization.
		Pancuronium bromide, the paralytic agent employed in lethal injection, is used in surgery to keep patients immobilized during delicate surgical procedures that occur near vital organs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lethal_injection (3985 words)

	Lethal Injection: The medical technology of execution + correction - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Lethal injection executions depend on medical drugs and procedures and the potential of this kind of execution to involve medical professionals in unethical behaviour, including direct involvement in killing, is clear.
		The dominance of lethal injection as a method of execution, as well as the growing pace of executions, are strikingly illustrated by comparing the first 35 executions after the death penalty moratorium ended in 1977 with the 35 executions up to 30 September 1997 (the last 35 executions in the period covered by this report).
		However, the use of lethal injections could lead to an ill-defined boundary between the execution itself and the subsequent resuscitation and removal of organs since medical procedures involved in transplantation of major organs needs to commence while the prisoner is still alive; this threatens to further medicalise an execution method based on medical technology(49).
	www.web.amnesty.org /ai.nsf/index/ACT500011998 (16515 words)

	USATODAY.com - Lethal injection faces fight from condemned (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Lethal injection is under assault from condemned convicts across the USA who claim an anesthetic administered with poison chemicals can leave a person conscious enough to feel excruciating pain.
		Lethal injection was introduced in 1978 as a gentler alternative to the historic methods of execution: electrocution, gassing, hanging and shooting.
		Lethal injections in Kentucky begin with a large dose of sodium thiopental, an anesthetic often used in surgery.
	www.usatoday.com /news/nation/2005-04-17-lethal-injections_x.htm (896 words)

	Lethal injection
		Thailand has adopted lethal injection as its sole method, to replace shooting from October 2003, and carried out its first executions in December 2003 when 4 men were put to death in Bang Khwang prison for drug trafficking and murder.
		After they have made their final statement, the injection of the lethal chemicals can begin and they may pass almost instantly from full consciousness into unconsciousness or they may feel themselves becoming drowsy and know that they are beginning to die.
		In the case of a lethal injection, the volume of the fluid required to fill the plumbing of the IV tubes running between the executioner's cubicle and the prisoner, means that the syringes must be of 50-60 cc capacity.
	www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk /injection.html (3861 words)

	Execution by Lethal Injection Is Not Humane or Painless
		Prisoners executed by lethal injection in the US may have experienced awareness and unnecessary suffering because they were not properly sedated, concluded a research letter in last week's issue of The Lancet.
		Anaesthesia during lethal injection is essential to minimise suffering and preserve public opinion that lethal injection is a near-painless death.
		Lethal injection generally consists of the sequential administration of sodium thiopental for anaesthesia, pancuronium bromide to induce paralysis, and finally potassium chloride to stop the heart and cause death.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=22945 (597 words)

	Ethics & Medicine: LETHAL INJECTION: THE MEDICAL CHARADE
		Lethal injection-the intravenous administration of a tranquilizer, a muscle relaxant, and cardioplegic agent for the purpose of judicial execution-is the standard method of capital punishment in the United States.
		Since 2001, lethal injection has been used in 189 of 191 (99%) executions1 and is the chief method of execution in 37 of the 38 states that have the death penalty, as well as for the federal government and military.2
		In 2002, the constitutionality of lethal injection was challenged in the case of State of Georgia v.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4004/is_200407/ai_n9437183 (1014 words)

	Execution by lethal injection: Medicine at the service of state ordered killing - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Lethal injection is the sole or an alternative method of execution in 38 states in the
		A lethal injection chamber has been constructed within the Pavón Rehabilitation Prison, and according to Salvador Gándara, Deputy Interior Minister, all the necessary chemicals have been acquired and one or more executioners have been recruited.
		Fears that his execution at a newly built lethal injection chamber may be imminent have been heightened by announcements that President Ramos wants the first execution to take place before his term of office ends in June 1998.
	web.amnesty.org /library/Index/ENGACT500051998?open&of=ENG-TWN (925 words)

	Lethal Injection
		Although lethal injection was supposedly a switch to an easier and more humane method of execution the reality is that this method of execution as implemented today is inhumane.
		If performed properly, lethal injection should induce unconsciousness within thirty seconds of the administration of the sodium thiopental and cessation of cardiac function and death is likely in less than one minute following the potassium injection.
		The combination of drugs used by DOC in lethal injection is never chosen by doctors in other parts of the world where euthanasia is an accepted practice.
	www.vadp.org /lethalinjection.htm (752 words)

	10/10 lethal injection drug
		Since its introduction in 1982, death by lethal injection has largely swept aside execution methods such as the electric chair and the gallows, spreading to all but one of the 38 states that practise capital punishment.
		Witnesses at scores of executions have said death by lethal injection is a remarkably calm, almost peaceful affair.
		While the judge allowed the drug's use, she found that, when the relaxant is used, "the subject gives all the appearances of a serene expiration when actually the subject is feeling and perceiving the excruciatingly painful ordeal of death by lethal injection".
	www.ncadp.org /html/10_10_lethal_injection_drug.html (512 words)

	inject (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The British Royal Commission on Capital Punishment (1948-1953) also examined lethal injection but decided against it, partly due to pressure from the BMA who were concerned about the ethics of doctors participating in executions.
		One was quoted as saying : "With lethal injection, only 4 people are required to execute the death penalty: one executioner, one member of the court, one from the procuratorate and one forensic doctor.
		Three with lethal chemicals that are electrically operated, 3 with lethal chemicals which are mechanically operated (back-up) and 2 filled with saline solution used to bleed or purge air form the manifold and the IV lines.
	www.geocities.com /trctl11/inject.html (3880 words)

	Methods of Execution
		Authorizes lethal injection for those whose capital offenses occurred on or after 3/25/94; those who committed the offense before that date may select lethal injection or lethal gas.
		Authorizes lethal injection or lethal gas; the statute leaves unclear who decides what method to use, the inmate or the Director of the Missouri Department of Corrections.
		Last year, the state passed legislation making lethal injection the method of execution for those convicted after enactment of the statute, but did not authorize the change in method for those convicted before its enactment.
	www.deathpenaltyinfo.org /article.php?scid=8&did=245#authorized (2254 words)

	Lethal Injection
		Advocates and prison officials would say that lethal injection takes ten minutes or less to kill, once the needle is inserted.
		Electrocution, gas, lethal injection -- each has been hailed in its time as "humane," "scientific," a "final solution" to the problem of disposing of those judged unworthy to live.
		Ronald Reagan advocated lethal injection in 1973, comparing it to "putting a horse to sleep." In 1977 Oklahoma became the first state to adopt lethal injection.
	www.hangmansknot.com /articles/lethal-injection.htm (1493 words)

	Reason
		The Death With Dignity Act, which allows a physician to prescribe a lethal dose of barbiturates to a terminally ill adult patient, was first approved by the voters of the state of Oregon in 1994.
		The Death With Dignity Act provides fairly stringent safeguards to curb possible abuses: The request for the lethal drugs must be made in writing, the patient must be mentally competent, and two physicians must agree that he or she has less than six months left.
		Holmes was able to a obtain lethal dose of drugs; but he died of natural causes last month, days before the Justice Department went back to court to fight the Oregon law.
	www.reason.com /cy/cy100802.shtml (698 words)

	Analysis: Is lethal injection humane? - (United Press International) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Sodium thiopental is administered as anesthesia in the first stage of the three-part lethal cocktail to mitigate the suffering of the condemned person, followed by pancuronium bromide to induce paralysis, and finally potassium chloride to cause death.
		Oklahoma was the first state to adopt lethal injection in 1977, but Texas was the first to carry out such an execution five years later.
		Lethal injection is used in most death-penalty states because it is perceived to be the most humane method.
	washingtontimes.com /upi-breaking/20050414-062433-3222r.htm (851 words)

	Death by Lethal Injection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Efforts have been made to convince the public that lethal injection is a painless and humane way to kill human beings.
		"Lethal Injection is not humane nor "painless" as death penalty advocates claim.
		Since the heart is a muscle and it pumps the blood -- the minute that massive dose of potassium salt hits the heart, one would be history and that would be as far as it would travel.
	www.cdinet.demon.co.uk /lethalin.htm (506 words)

	US Lethal Injection Executions Condemned
		LONDON—Prisoners executed by lethal injection in the United States may have experienced awareness and unnecessary suffering because they were not properly sedated, according to a research letter in this week's issue of the prestigious British medical journal, The Lancet.
		The authors believe the use of lethal injection should cease in order to prevent unnecessary cruelty and call for a public review into anesthesia procedures during executions.
		Lethal injection in the U.S. has eclipsed all other execution methods because of public perception that the process is relatively humane and does not violate the U.S. Constitution's prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines05/0414-04.htm (604 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - Execution by injection far from painless (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Execution by lethal injection may not be the painless procedure most Americans assume, say researchers from Florida and Virginia.
		The procedure typically involves the injection of three substances: first, sodium thiopental to induce anaesthesia, followed by pancuronium bromide to relax muscles, and finally potassium chloride to stop the heart.
		“My impression is that lethal injection as practiced in the US now is no more humane than the gas chamber or electrocution, which have both been deemed inhumane,” says Leonidas Koniaris, a surgeon in Miami and one of the authors on the paper.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn7269&feedId=online-news_atom03 (620 words)

	Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, The: Lethal injection is cruel to inmate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In a rare unanimous decision on a capital punishment case, justices sided with a convicted Alabama killer who claims his veins are so damaged from drug abuse that executioners might have to cut deeply into his flesh to administer the deadly drugs.
		Lethal injection is used in 37 states with the death penalty, largely because it's considered more humane than the electric chair, firing squad, gas chamber or hanging.
		Missouri -- Lethal injection or lethal gas; statute leaves unclear whether decision to be made by inmate or director of Department of Corrections.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qn4196/is_20040525/ai_n10964906 (981 words)

	Methods of Execution - Monitor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		While lethal injection is the newest method of execution used in the United States, it not a new idea.
		Most of the reporting states indicate that the executioner(s) or injection team members are selected by either the warden, institutional staff at the facility in which executions are performed, or an official in the state's corrections department (usually the director).
		Therefore, a particular individual who is a member of the "lethal injection team," and who serves as an executioner on that team, may be present for one or a number of executions.
	www.fcc.state.fl.us /fcc/reports/monitor/methmon.html (8652 words)

	Lethal injection and the Georgia Supreme Court's new millennium
		The legislation defined lethal injection as “the continuous intravenous injection of a substance or substances sufficient to cause death into the body of the person sentenced to death until such person is dead.”
		The members of the General Assembly left the details of Georgia’s lethal injection to the Department of Corrections.4 In developing lethal injection protocols, the department followed the lead of other states which have adopted lethal injection as a means of carrying out executions.
		The most commonly used drugs for execution by lethal injection are sodium pentothal (as a sedative), pancurium bromide (stops respiration), and potassium chloride (stops the heart).
	www.criminaljustice.org /public.nsf/0/58d9387ad3f109af85256e5f0054e7ed?OpenDocument (2009 words)

	COURT TV ONLINE - TOP NEWS
		Lethal injection was first introduced in the U.S. as a humane alternative to other methods of execution.
		John Wayne Gacy, the serial killer who tortured and murdered 33 young men and boys in the 1970s, was executed by lethal injection at the Stateville penitentiary in Joliet, Illinois.
		After the injection began, the catheter in Gacy's arm was clogged when the first two drugs reacted.
	www.courttv.com /news/mcveigh_special/botched_ctv.html (807 words)

	Injections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The most medical of all Auschwitz killing methods was the phenol injection, which was institutionalized during the relatively early phases of Auschwitz.
		A patient was brought to a treatment room and there administered a drug by a physician or (in most cases) his assistant, who wore a white coat and used a syringe and needle for the injection.
		Some witnesses thought that the change was made because the veins were sometimes hard to locate, but the real reason seems to have been the greater killing efficiency of a direct cardiac injection.
	www.spectacle.org /695/inject.html (218 words)

	Death Penalty Pages
		Authorizes lethal injection for those sentenced after 11/15/92; those sentenced before that date may choose lethal injection or lethal gas.
		Authorizes lethal injection for offenses committed on or after after 7/4/88; those who committed a crime before that date may choose lethal injection or electrocution.
		Authorizes lethal injection for offenses after 6/13/86; those who committed offenses before that date may choose lethal injection or hanging.
	www.amnestyusa.org /abolish/execmethod.do (263 words)

	USATODAY.com - Inmate: Injection would be cruel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Legal analysts say the underlying claim in Nelson's appeal is that lethal injection, the preferred method of execution in 37 of 38 states that have the death penalty, isn't as "humane" as it's touted to be.
		Lethal injection has become the standard during the past three decades because it appears to give condemned inmates a peaceful and sedated death, especially when compared with the grisly scenes that can result when killers are electrocuted or hanged.
		The Nelson case "is about a procedural issue, (but) it will say a lot about lethal injection," says Deborah Denno, a law professor at Fordham University in New York City who has written a study of the chemicals used in lethal injections.
	www.usatoday.com /news/nation/2004-03-28-death-penalty_x.htm (1214 words)

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