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Topic: Malvales

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Cucurbitales

Nepenthaceae

Caryophyllales

Fabales

Rosales

Malvaceae

Fagales

Hibiscus cannabinus

Kapok

	Malvales - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Malvales is an order of flowering plants, mostly comprised of shrubs and trees.
		The morphology of Malvales is diverse, and there are few common characteristics.
		Many species of Malvales are known for their wood of exceptional quality and lightness (namely Ochroma, Edgeworthia, Tilia, Thymelaea and Daphne).
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Malvales (313 words)

	Malvales -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The (Studies of the rules for forming admissible words) morphology of Malvales is diverse, and there are few common properties.
		The cortex is often fibrous, built of soft ((botany) tissue that conducts synthesized food substances (e.g., from leaves) to parts where needed; consists primarily of sieve tubes) phloem layers.
		Many Malvales species are known for their (The hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees) wood, of exceptional quality and lightness (namely Ochroma, Edgeworthia, Tilia, Thymelaea and Daphne).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/M/Ma/Malvales.htm (411 words)

	..::treeBASE::.. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The monophyly of the group comprising the core malvalean families, Bombacaceae, Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Tiliaceae, was recently confirmed by molecular studies, but the internal structure of this clade is poorly understood.
		The topologies here also suggest that /Malvatheca (the malvoid and bombacoid clades) do not have as a synapormophy monothecate anthers, as has been previously supposed but, instead, may be united by the dithecate, transversely septate (polysporangiate) anthers in basal members of both clades, from which "monothecate" anthers may have been derived at least twice.
		The traditional and phylogenetic classifications of the core Malvales are almost identical given current knowledge of phylogeny.
	www.phylo.org /treebase/view/view_study.php?studyID=S388 (407 words)

	Malvales - Ciencia.net - Noticias científicas, artículos científicos sobre matemáticas, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Malvales - Ciencia.net - Noticias científicas, artículos científicos sobre matemáticas, física, química, astronomía...
		En botánica, malvales es un orden de plantas cuyas características recuerdan a la teales.
		Son hermafroditas; perianto de piezas libres o soldadas en la base; androceo con tendencia a la soldadura; gineceo sincárpico; tendencia a la reducción del nümero de carpelos y óvulos.Cáliz con prefloración valvar; corola con prefloración contorta, con tendencia a la soldadura; estambres soldados por el filamento, formando una columna en cuyo centro aparece el cáliz.
	www.ciencia.net /VerArticulo/?idTitulo=Malvales (147 words)

	Baum Malvales Research
		William (Bil) Alverson and coauthors at other institutions used rbcL sequences to delimit the "expanded Malvales" and to show that the core four families (Tiliaceae, Sterculiaceae, Bombacaceae, and Malvaceae) form a monophyletic clade (Alverson et al., 1998).
		The consensus of the most-parsimonious trees shows that the core Malvales is divided into two primary clades, the "lower" Malvales which includes most Tiliaceae plus half of Sterculiaceae, and the "upper" Malvales, which includes all traditional Malvaceae and Bombacaceae plus some Tiliaceae (Tilieae, Brownlowieae, and Berryeae) and the rest of traditional Sterculiaceae.
		The upper Malvales is supported by a distinctive, unreversed 21bp in the ndhF gene.
	www.botany.wisc.edu /baum/baum/baum5.html (534 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The research component is a study of historical relationships among the core Malvales, a group of approximately 3000 plants including such economically important species as cotton, chocolate, okra, durian, balsa, and jute.
		The teaching component involves courses at the college level and a workshop for high school teachers on phylogeny as a framework for teaching biological diversity.
		This will help clarify the timing and geographic context for the origin and radiation of core Malvales, as well as the historical mechanisms underlying floral diversity and pollination mechanisms in the group.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/yguan/NSFAbstracts/Abstracts/BIO/DEB.BIO.a9876070.txt (274 words)

	Malvales
		Most Malvales as delimited here are included in Takhtajan's (1997) Malvanae.
		However, both Cytinaceae and other Malvales have exotegmic seeds, and the perianth of Cytinaceae can pehaps be comapred with apsects of that of Malvaceae.
		Their flowers are in extra-axillary fascicles, the calyx is valvate, the corolla shortly clawed and crumpled in bud, and the stamens are numerous.
	www.mobot.org /MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/malvalesweb.htm (5136 words)

	Malvales -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The plants grow in various habitats throughout much of the world, and a number of members are important commercially.
		While the existence of Malvales by the Late Cretaceous (97.5 to 66.4 million years ago) is generally assumed, the fossil record from that period is problematic, although petrified wood classified as Hibiscoxylon niloticum has been attributed to the order, as have leaf impressions resembling the extant genus Sterculia.
		The leaves and young shoots are eaten as a vegetable in Europe and as a potherb in West Africa.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9111098?tocId=9111098 (378 words)

	Malvales . Plant . Flowering plant . 1829 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Malvaceae mallows, Dipterocarpaceae Sarcolaenaceae Cistaceae Muntingiaceae Bixaceae Diegodendraceae Cochlospermaceae Sphaerosepalaceae Thymelaeaceae Neuradaceae The Malvales are an Scientific classification order of flowering plants, mostly comprised of shrubs and trees.
		The morphology biology morphology of Malvales is diverse, and there are few common properties.
		Among most commonly encountered characteristics one can mention palmate or palmately lobed leaf leaves, connate sepals, and a specific structure and chemical composition of the seeds.
	www.uk.fraquisanto.net /Malvales (332 words)

	Malvales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		La morfología de Malvales es diversa, y hay pocas características comunes.
		Muchas especies de Malvales se saben para su madera, de la calidad y de la ligereza excepcionales (es decir Ochroma, Edgeworthia, Tilia, Thymelaea y Daphne).
		Circunscripción del Malvales y de las relaciones al otro Rosidae: Evidencia de datos de la secuencia del rbcL.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/ma/Malvales.htm (380 words)

	Classification of Malvaceae: Overview
		The Malvales is the sister group to the Sapindales (mostly tropical, but also including maples and horse chestnuts), and thence to the Brassicales (crucifers and allies).
		In the classification of Goldberg (1986) a narrowly drawn Malvales consists of Bombacaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae.
		These are ancient parasitic lineages (possibly representing a single clade) whose relationships are obscured by the loss of vegetative traits, the accelerated molecular evolution typical of parasitic plants, and horizontal gene transfer.
	www.malvaceae.info /Classification/overview.html (2365 words)

	Phylogeny of the core Malvales: evidence from ndhF sequence data -- Alverson et al. 86 (10): 1474 -- American Journal ...
		Edlin, H. 1935 A critical revision of certain taxonomic groups of the Malvales.
		Van Heel, W. 1966 Morphology of the androecium in Malvales.
		Venkata Rao, C. 1952 Floral anatomy of some Malvales and its bearing on the affinities of families included in the order.
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/86/10/1474 (6538 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This study by Dr. David Baum of Harvard University and his colleague Dr. William Alverson will employ molecular techniques and analyses of plant morphology to study the evolution of the order, and in particular the phylogeny of certain groups at three nested levels.
		The placement of the order Malvales within the major dicot radiation of flowering plants; the placement of the family Bombacaceae (the kapok family) within the order; and relationships among the tribes and genera of Bombacaceae, are the three levels of emphasis.
		The resulting phylogenetic framework can be used to explain the great diversity of floral form within Bombacaceae and to account for evolutionary shifts in chromosome number and for geographical migrations through time.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/yguan/NSFAbstracts/Abstracts/BIO/DEB.BIO.a9419997.txt (212 words)

	Wurdack, Kenneth J.* and James W. Horn. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		- A reevaluation of the affinities of the Tepuianthaceae: molecular and morphological evidence for placement in the Malvales.
		The Tepuianthaceae consists of the genus Tepuianthus, containing 7 taxa that are narrow endemics within the Guayana Highlands region of Venezuela and adjacent Colombia and Brazil.
		The secondary phloem of Tepuianthus is characteristic of Malvales in that it is tangentially stratified into fibrous and nonfibrous layers, with radially dilated phloem rays.
	www.botany2001.org /section12/abstracts/264.shtml (301 words)

	Circumscription of the Malvales and relationships to other Rosidae: evidence from rbcL sequence data -- Alverson et al. ...
		Circumscription of the Malvales and relationships to other Rosidae: evidence from rbcL sequence data -- Alverson et al.
		to clarify the composition of Malvales, to determine the relationships of
		We sampled taxa that have been previously suggested to be
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/abstract/85/6/876 (458 words)

	Flowering Plants, Dicotyledons - Capparales, Malvales and Non-betalain Caryophyllales
		This encyclopaedia contains a comprehensive treatment of the taxonomy of the families and genera of ferns and seed plants.
		The present volume, the fifth in this series, deals with three major groups of dicotyledons, the Capparales, Malvales, and Non-betalain Caryophyllales.
		The taxonomy of these groups, which comprise 40 families and 752 genera, is based on the results of the most recent research.
	www.cplbookshop.com /contents/C1142.htm (165 words)

	Malvaceae References (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Malvales, on the website of the University of Hawaii, with many photos of species from different families
		Selected Families of Angiosperms: Dilleniidae Malvales, excellent article by James L. Reveal from Norton-Brown Herbarium, University of Maryland USA.
		Discusses the relationships between the families in the Malvales
	www.mcapel.hpg.ig.com.br /galls/malvaceae/refs_eng.html (413 words)

	Chinese hibiscus - TheBestLinks.com - East Asia, India, Malvales, Malaysia, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Chinese hibiscus - TheBestLinks.com - East Asia, India, Malvales, Malaysia,...
		Chinese hibiscus, East Asia, India, Malvales, Malaysia, Plant, Rose, Species...
		The Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.; Family Malvaceae) is an evergreen shrub native to east Asia, also known as China rose and Shoe flower.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Chinese_hibiscus-bp-redirect-v-no-ep-.html (192 words)

	[No title]
		AC U32072; DT 02-SEP-1995 DE 5S rRNA gene, clone 1 (121/303) OS Gossypium armourianum OC Eukaryota; Plantae; Embryobionta; Telomophyta; Magnoliopsida; OC Malvales; Malvaceae RN [1] RA Cronn R.C., Zhao X., Paterson A.H., Wendel J.F.; RT Polymorphism and concerted evolution in a multigene family: 5S RT ribosomal DNA in diploid and allopolyploid cottons; RL Unpublished.
		AC U32073; DT 02-SEP-1995 DE 5S rRNA gene, clone 10 (121/303) OS Gossypium armourianum OC Eukaryota; Plantae; Embryobionta; Telomophyta; Magnoliopsida; OC Malvales; Malvaceae RN [1] RA Cronn R.C., Zhao X., Paterson A.H., Wendel J.F.; RT Polymorphism and concerted evolution in a multigene family: 5S RT ribosomal DNA in diploid and allopolyploid cottons; RL Unpublished.
		AC U32068; DT 02-SEP-1995 DE 5S rRNA gene, clone 1 (121/303) OS Gossypium harknessii OC Eukaryota; Plantae; Embryobionta; Telomophyta; Magnoliopsida; OC Malvales; Malvaceae RN [1] RA Cronn R.C., Zhao X., Paterson A.H., Wendel J.F.; RT Polymorphism and concerted evolution in a multigene family: 5S RT ribosomal DNA in diploid and allopolyploid cottons; RL Unpublished.
	userpage.chemie.fu-berlin.de /fb_chemie/ibc/agerdmann-old/eukaryota/plantae/embryobionta/telomophyta/magnoliopsida/magnolio.dna (14084 words)

	The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol.5 Flowering Plants, Dicotyledons : Malvales, Cappara: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The integration of morphological information and the results of molecular studies have led to a revised classification and have opened the way to an understanding of character evolution in these strongly diversified groups.
		Introduction to Extended Caryophyllales; Conspectus of the Families of Extended Caryophyllales; Introduction to Capparales; Conspectus of the Families of Capparales; Introduction to Malvales; Conspectus of the Families of Malvales; General References; 39 chapters in alphabetical order (Akaniaceae - Tropaeolaceae); Index of Scientific Names.
		§04§Introduction to Extended Caryophyllales§;- Conspectus of the Families of Extended Caryophyllales§;- Introduction to Capparales§- Conspectus of the Families of Capparales§- Introduction to Malvales§- Conspectus of the Families of Malvales§- General References§- 39 chapters in alphabetical order (Akaniaceae - Tropaeolaceae)§- Index of Scientific Names.
	bookweb.kinokuniya.co.jp /htmy/3540428739.html (378 words)

	McGraw-Hill AccessScience: Malvales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Of the five families in the traditional concept (Bombacaceae, Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae, and Elaeocarpaceae), the first four have been combined as Malvaceae, due to lack of monophyly of three of these families in their traditional circumscription; and Elaeocarpaceae are included in Oxalidales.
		In addition, other families have been transferred to Malvales, including Dipterocarpaceae and Thymelaeaceae.
		The expanded order is characterized by the presence of mucilage in epidermal cells and cavities; and of palmate leaves, stellate hairs, and numerous stamens with partially fused filaments occur frequently.
	dx.doi.org /10.1036/1097-8542.402400 (182 words)

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