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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Satire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Satire is a technique of writing or art which exposes the follies of its subject (for example, individuals, organizations, or states) to ridicule, often as an intended means of provoking or preventing change.
		Menippean Satire is a term employed broadly to refer to satires that are rhapsodic in nature, combining many different targets of ridicule into a fragmented satiric narrative.
		Satire, in its literary aspect, may be defined as the expression in adequate terms of the sense of amusement or disgust excited by the ridiculous or unseemly, provided that humour is a distinctly recognizable element, and that the utterance is invested with literary form.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Satire (5969 words)

	satire : Intellibuzz search engine.
		Satire is a technique of writing or art which exposes the follies of its subject (for example, individuals...
		The humor of satire tends to be subtle, using irony and deadpan...
		Satire is the ridicule of vice or folly.
	www.intelibuzz.com /search/metasearch.cgi?keywords=satire (298 words)

	Lynch, Augustan Satire Bibliography
		Satire and irony are identified with Frye's "mythos of winter," and the two are distinguished thus: "satire is militant irony." He traces the appearance of satire and irony in his six phases, from mythic through mimetic to ironic.
		In those sections he treats satire as a genre rather than a mode, argues that it is dependent on the world beyond the text, and lacks a plot in the traditional sense, being instead statically suspended between the two poles of virtue and vice.
		Satires are therefore unable to celebrate the wars essential to epics, and are forced to efface them in an age of war atrocities.
	andromeda.rutgers.edu /%7Ejlynch/Biblio/satirebib.html (4637 words)

	[No title]
		Psychological disorders, or at least altered states of perception, are introduced in Menippean satire that have a specific significance vis-Ã -vis the wholeness of a person and the interruption, or destruction, of his final fate.
		Menippean satire often includes a utopian element â“ often revealed via dreams or visits to other realms â“ that is combined with the other elements.
		Menippean satire is concerned with contemporary issues, possessing a âjournalistic qualityâ that focuses on salient topics of the day.
	www.mcluhan.utoronto.ca /academy/fifthlaw/fifthlaw_atom.xml (2545 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Menippean satire derives from the philosopher Menippus (3rd century B.C.), but it was identified as a specific genre by the Roman satirist Varro, an older contemporary of Horace whose works exist only in fragmentary form.
		These diverse characteristics are united to produce "the deep internal integrity of the genre," but at the same time, Menippean satire "possesses great external plasticity and a remarkable capacity to absorb into itself kindred small genres, and to penetrate as a component element into other large ones" (119)-including diatribe, soliloquy, symposium, and romance.
		Menippean satire, in short, is philosophical fantasy working through extreme manipulation of point-of-view and extremes of satiric material.
	www.faculty.umb.edu /charles_knight/meniphnd.htm (355 words)

	Ancient Menippean Satire by Joel C. Relihan - 0801845246
		Although the term Menippean satire was never used in antiquity to name a distinct literary genre (the term was coined in the sixteenth century), it has come to describe a vast body of world literature - from Erasmus and the humanists to Rabelais and Swift, from Moby Dick to Alice in Wonderland and Ulysses.
		The term is invoked to explain the origins of the modern novel and to categorize forms of prose fiction that are not essentially novelistic.
		In Ancient Menippean Satire, Joel C. Relihan charts the history and development of this ancient genre.
	www.allbookstores.com /book/0801845246 (358 words)

	satire Search Engine - Directory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Menippean satire was frequently a parody blending prose and verse...
		Covered are the most important general accounts of satire in the last half century and some of the most influential...
		Satire arouses laughter or scorn as a means of ridicule and derision, with the...
	www.dwipage.com /search/satire (387 words)

	Waggish: Or Lay Myself Down By Sorrow's Side
		The term "irony," which once signified a sophisticated sort of social satire that required a certain amount of intelligence to appreciate, has become to devalued to the point where it simply signifies insincerity, the positive referent not being a specific target but simply the mores of society.
		In the slave irony mentality, the rise of Menippean satire stems from the lack of an authentic culture to critique.
		Less-directed Menippean satire pursues the idea behind the real/fake culture itself by repeatedly invalidating it, making the effort more transcendent, but also leaving itself open to the charges that such satire is pointless.
	www.waggish.org /2005/08/or_lay_myself_down_by_sorrows_side.html (794 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 94.01.13 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In fact, Menippean Satire is used as a generic term only since the 16th Century, but it has become more widely known by the prominence given the term in Bakhtin's theory of the novel.
		After some introductory material on the definition of Menippean satire derived from the set of texts that are to be defined so -- a circularity about which the author is quite up front -- there are concise and informative chapters about each of the representative works.
		The alternation of prose and verse is thus an integral part of Menippean satire's engagement with verse genres (including Roman satire) not as one genre among others, but as a discourse that takes for granted that genres are pretentious bunk and makes fun of them just by juxtaposing them with each other.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1994/94.01.13.html (1419 words)

	Rushdie, Satire, and Alchemy
		As Mikhail Bakhtin pointed out in The Dialogic Imagination, this satiric mode developed during the Hellenistic period, a time with which we have much in common, since it was one during which national bonds and moral standards were dissolving, and an intense struggle raged among different religions and philosophies.
		The form of satire received its name during the second century A.D. from its first practitioner, the philosopher Menippos, who lived five centuries earlier and whose works are lost.
		Menippean satire and the Bakhtinian carnival have attracted the attention of scholars of Rushdie's works, and I shall shall treat them where they are most obviously important -- in the section about The Satanic Verses.
	www.postcolonialweb.org /pakistan/literature/rushdie/mp2.html (837 words)

	Morrow, The Eternal Footman (052morj1)
		"Menippean satire" is not "epic;" never the twain shall meet.
		The object of Morrow's satire is a little harder to define, which is as it should be.
		An easily limned satire is usually a weak or lazy one, and often descends into mere parody.
	savage.authorslawyer.com /reviews/052morj1.shtml (933 words)

	PlanetPapers - 'Gulliver's Travels'- A Satiric magnum opus of Swift.
		Gulliver’s Travels is a pilgrimage that brings one face to face with the yahoo image of man. Its climate is a metaphoric satire on the nature of man. Swift’s satire seems to have almost a religious purpose.
		His satiric vision of an irrational world, a vision that becomes his prelude to an act of faith.
		But as a fiction it is written with the convention of Menippean Satire, being a free play of intellectual fancy, the ridicule of the philosophus gloriosus ; digressing narrative and the use of dialogues for the interplay of attitudes.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/6078.php (567 words)

	The Satyricon of Petronius
		The origin of the word "satire" has been a subject for academic debate: some say it comes from satura, or medley, while others theorize that it refers to something which is goat-like, like a satyr (smelly, rude, unkempt, and hairy?).
		This is NOT a moralistic story intended to produce reform, as we often imagine a satire to be.
		This genre, originally a humorous discussion of philosophy in alternating prose and verse, is characterized by the use of many different styles.
	www.southwestern.edu /~carlg/Latin_Web/satyriconnotes.html (1071 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Russ Meyer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Meyer's art is a polished example of the venerable Menippean satire, a difficult genre to define -- roughly, it combines disparate forms such as prose and verse, theatre and film (think Lavonia and Semper Fidelis making love in heroic couplets or Kitten Natividad as the Greek Chorus in Up!
		In modern usage, a stereotype is a simplified mental picture of an individual or group of people who share a certain characteristic (or stereotypical) qualities.
		Kitten Natividad (born Francesca Isabel Natividad on February 14, 1948 in Ciudad JuÃ¡rez, Mexico) is a Mexican big-busted pornstar and exotic dancer.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Russ-Meyer (2452 words)

	[No title]
		Menippus invented a genre that was famous for having been a farrago of prose and poetry, later characterised as Menippean satire¹.
		However, the genre of non-dramatic satire, where no actual satyrs appear, but where the audience is satirised, is a purely Hellenistic literary development of the same popular festive spirit.
		Her charms are composed in popular folk verse and are rife with superstition and magic.38 It was against this type of social phenomenon that Menippus and Oenomaus wrote.
	research.haifa.ac.il /~mluz/Gadaran.html (3310 words)

	Search Results for: example of satire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		and the Renaissance, culminating in the golden age of satire in the late 17th and early 18th cent...
		The humor of satire tends to be subtle...
		The first exercise of satire was no doubt coarse and boisterous...
	www.metastrike.com /Top/web/example+of+satire (489 words)

	Mattress Police - Conservative Opinion and Random Thoughts
		Pedants, bigots, cranks, parvenus, virtuosi, enthusiasts, rapacious and incompetent professional men of all kinds, are handled in terms of their occupational approach to life as distinct from their social behavior.
		The Menippean satire thus resembles the confession in its ability to handle abstract ideas and theories, and differs from the novel in its characterization, which is stylized rather than naturalistic, and presents people as mouthpieces of the ideas they represent.
		It is in both this emphasis (the fact that the characters are shown as unable to avoid inappropriate philosophizing) and the nature of their reflections (which in themselves highlight philosophical absurdities) that give the work its particular satirical character.
	www.mattresspolice.com /content.asp?filename=/academic/voltaire.htm (1676 words)

	Satire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		A third kind of satire is harder to define: it's known as Menippean or Varronian satire.
		Although Horatian and Juvenalian satires are often formal verse satires, a well recognized genre, satire need not be in verse, and Menippean satire often isn't.
		Satire is not the same thing as parody, although satire can use parody as a technique.
	www.english.upenn.edu /~jlynch/Terms/Temp/satire.html (214 words)

	glbtq >> literature >> Mystery Fiction: Lesbian
		The convention of the detective hero is appropriated and destabilized by the parodic acknowledgment that the complex sign "butch" can encapsulate a field of contradictions, primarily dependent on readerly projections.
		Menippean satire, in its simplest form, consists of a dialogue between stylized characters who merely mouth ideas.
		The defining glance of the detective is to reveal the real and sordid nature of the world, but this revelation is achieved obliquely, through the sideways glance of satire.
	www.glbtq.com /literature/myst_fic_lesbian,2.html (789 words)

	CSR: Members: Dr Ingrid de Smet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Satire; the Classical tradition and humanism; Neo-Latin literature and intellectual culture in France, the Low Countries, and Italy; writers of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation.
		The life and work of Jacques-Auguste de Thou, a French intellectual, magistrate and politician, who is especially known as the author of a bulky, Latin History of His Own Time.
		‘Town and Gown in the Dutch Golden Age: The Menippean Satires of Jan Bodecher Benningh and "Amatus Fornacius"', in Myricae.
	www2.warwick.ac.uk /fac/arts/ren/members/idesmet (511 words)

	Life of Boethius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Consolation of Philosophy is apparently the fruit of Boethius's spell of imprisonment awaiting trial and execution.
		Its literary genre, with a regular alternation of prose and verse sections, is called Menippean Satire, after Roman models of which fragments and analogues survive.
		The dialogue between two characters (one of whom we may call Boethius, but only on condition that we distinguish Boethius the character from Boethius the author, who surely manipulated his self-representation for literary and philosophical effect) is carefully structured according to the best classical models.
	www.georgetown.edu /faculty/jod/boethius/boebio.html (521 words)

	Charles Hollander — Pynchon’s Inferno
		Following Dante and Swift, both political losers, Pynchon employs allegory and satire; in particular, he adopts the form of Menippean satire.
		But the driving force is satire, the holding up of human vices to ridicule.
		Within the loose structure of this form Pynchon enjoys room to give voice to a range of thematic concerns including disinheritance, paranoia, and the possible return of the disinherited, always identifying with the losers, the victims, the disenfranchised of his works.
	www.ottosell.de /pynchon/inferno.htm (7028 words)

	Essential Chaucer: Classical and Late-Classical Literary Relations
		Traces the history of Menippean satire and demonstrates its impact on Chaucer's irony, diversity, and disjunctions.
		Knight's Tale parodies Boethius's Consolation of Philosophy and, in Menippean fashion, undercuts the Menippean acceptence of conflict.
		Summarizes Chaucer's place in satirical tradition, suggesting that he may have known Horace's Satires, and arguing that if he did not, he combines moral censure with amused acceptence in Horatian fashion.
	colfa.utsa.edu /chaucer/ec16.html (909 words)

	Science Fiction as a Genre in Adolescent Literature
		He was a satirist and his work is no generally classified in the genre known as Menippean satire.
		Meippean satire is characterized by fantastic and sometimes other worldly settings.
		Modern examples of Menippean satire are Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels, both of which may be argued to be ancestors of contemporary science fiction.
	falcon.jmu.edu /~ramseyil/sciencefiction.htm (1316 words)

	The Tower by Konstantin Vaginov
		The satyr play, which took its name from the fact that the chorus was composed of satyrs, presented a burlesque of a mythical subject related to the preceding tragic trilogy.
		But while readers who know Russian can find a key to the cast of characters in the excellent commentary provided by Nikol'skaia and Erl' to the 1991 Sovremennik edition of Vaginov's novels, the readers of Sher's on-line translation are on their own.
		In addition to providing a quirky and affectionate, but hardly uncritical, look at the eccentric personalities gathered around Bakhtin in Leningrad in the 1920s, Vaginov's prose may have had a direct influence on Bakhtin's developing model of the carnivalesque and the possibilities of Menippean satire in the modern novel.
	www.websher.net /spub/anemon-6.html (789 words)

	avantgarde / under / net / conditions
		your texts are full of satire movement and displacing ideas from context.
		If my mask were a drinking bowl, then the fluidic marasmus of menippean satire would be its flwater wine.
		There is no hegemonic code, but only mediated interludes between the screams of idiots and the howls of the brutals.
	avantgarde.netzliteratur.net /index.php?bereich=postdogma&aid=106&textid=302&sprache=e&interview=true (740 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Books \| Review \| Age has not withered him
		Progress can be gratuitously halted for a brief Dictionary of Received Ideas; or an Examination Paper of which the rubric facetiously condemns facetious answers; or a list of topics he wants banned from fiction.
		Flaubert's Parrot is more a Menippean satire than a novel ("a form of intellectually humorous work characterised by miscellaneous contents, displays of curious erudition, and comical discussions on philosophical topics", says the Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms).
		Of course Barnes also does novels, essays, comical discussions and other things separately, and lately he has been writing short stories, sometimes comical, sometimes curious, and sometimes notable for the purity with which the prose matches the seriousness of the themes.
	books.guardian.co.uk /review/story/0,12084,1167027,00.html (881 words)

	Lucian
		His works Lucian blended prose and verse, high and low styles, and the form of the Platonic dialogue with Menippean satire.
		According to a statement in Suidas, Lucien was torn to pieces by dogs, but it is supposed that this is a later fabrication due to Lucian's alleged hostility to Christianity.
		Lucian satirized philosophy and all religions in several texts, including Icaromenippus, a dialogue, The Life of Peregrine, narrative about the Cynics, Of Sacrifice, Zeus cross-examined, and Influence of the Old Comedy Writers.
	www.kirjasto.sci.fi /lucian.htm (939 words)

	PierreMontmaur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Les deux satires de Feramus et Ménage sont imprimées pour la première fois et, aussitôt après, les plus respectés des humanistes prennent la plume pour attaquer le professeur parasitique.
		Scarron fait une satire de 142 vers sur le désespoir ressenti par Montmaur lorsqu'il fut expulsé de la maison du Président de Mesmes pour avoir fait, semble-t-il, une remarque inacceptable.
		De Smet, I. Menippean Satire and the Republic of Letters, 1581-1655 (Genève, 1996), ch.
	solinux.brookes.ac.uk /mark/textes/cntxt_montm.html (1129 words)

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