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Topic: Methyl chloride

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	AllRefer.com - chloride, Compound & Element (Compounds And Elements) - Encyclopedia
		Most chlorides are salts that are formed either by direct union of chlorine with a metal or by reaction of hydrochloric acid (a water solution of hydrogen chloride) with a metal, a metal oxide, or an inorganic base.
		Most chloride salts are readily soluble in water, but mercurous chloride (calomel) and silver chloride are insoluble, and lead chloride is only slightly soluble.
		Most metal chlorides conduct electricity when fused or dissolved in water and can be decomposed by electrolysis to chlorine gas and the metal.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/chloride.html (381 words)

	Methyl chloride (PIM 339) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Methyl chloride may be disposed of by burning in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device.
		Methyl chloride is also used in the synthesis of a variety of compounds, and as an extractant for greases, oils and resins.
		Methyl chloride induces a dose-related increase in mutated fraction in an established human lymphoblast line; it may therefore be a weak-acting mutagen in bacteria and human cells (Fostel et al, 1985).
	www.intox.org /databank/documents/chemical/metchlor/metchlor.htm (4009 words)

	Axens : methyl chloride drying olefins drying benzene drying propylene drying benzene drying paraffins drying refinery ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		methyl chloride drying lot methyl chloride drying sampled regularly paraffins drying methodically and analysed at the laboratory with the methyl chloride drying and most advanced adsorbents equipment to assure a constant product quality.
		Adsorption The zeolite is methyl chloride drying for the physical adsorption of the molecule to the surface.
		methyl chloride drying adsorption with relative methyl chloride drying of the adsorbate.
	www.axens.net /hydrotreatment/methyl_chloride_drying.htm (1032 words)

	Methyl chloride (CASRN 74-87-3), IRIS, Environmental Protection Agency
		Methyl chloride is found ubiquitously in nature and exists primarily as a gas, with inhalation as the predominant route of exposure.
		Methyl chloride was weakly positive for the in vivo induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in rat liver at 15,000 ppm, but not at 3,500 ppm, nor in pachytene spermatocytes or tracheal epithelial cells at either concentration (Working et al., 1986).
		(1982) Histopathology of acute toxic response in rats and mice exposed to methyl chloride by inhalation.
	www.epa.gov /iris/subst/1003.htm (6334 words)

	EPA - Air Toxics Website - Methyl Chloride (Chloromethane)
		Methyl chloride was used widely in refrigerators in the past, but generally this use has been taken over by newer chemicals such as Freon.
		Methyl chloride is formed in the oceans by natural processes (e.g., marine phytoplankton) and from biomass burning in grasslands and forested areas (e.g., forest fires); it has been detected at low levels in air all over the world.
		Methyl chloride is a colorless gas with a faint sweet smell and an odor threshold of 10 ppm.
	www.epa.gov /ttn/atw/hlthef/methylch.html (1321 words)

	Process for the manufacture of methyl chloride - Patent 4465880
		Methyl chloride is manufactured from methanol and hydrogen chloride in the gaseous phase in the presence of an aluminum oxide catalyst.
		The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of methyl chloride by reaction of methanol with hydrogen chloride in the gaseous phase, in the presence of an aluminum oxide catalyst, at elevated temperature and under a pressure of at least 1 bar.
		The molar ratio of methanol to hydrogen chloride is preferably from 0.75:1 to 1:1.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4465880.html (867 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is necessary that the aluminum chloride catalyst be present as a solid, or the cross-linked polymer is not produced.
		The provision of solid aluminum chloride in the reaction zone may be accomplished in various ways.First, the catalyst may be introduced into the reaction zone as a finely divided solid, for example, as a powder having a particle size of less than 200-mesh.
		Second, a saturated solution of aluminum chloride in the methyl halides solvent -may be prepared under pressure and introduced into the reaction zone at the boiling point of the solvent, flashing off the solvent and leaving the catalyst in the form of finely divided particles.
	lawwww.cwru.edu /faculty/nard/ppl/patent_docs/3317500.doc (1017 words)

	[No title]
		Methyl chloride is a federal hazardous air pollutant and was identified as a toxic air contaminant in April 1993 under AB 2728.
		Methyl chloride is a colorless gas which compresses to a colorless liquid.
		Methyl chloride is used to manufacture silicones, agrichemicals, methyl cellulose, quaternary amines, butyl rubber, and tetraethyl lead.
	www.scorecard.org /chemical-profiles/html/methyl_chloride.html (637 words)

	METHYL CHLORIDE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Methyl chloride is metabolized in mammals either by conjuga tion with glutathione or, to a lesser extent, through oxi dation by cytochrome P-450; the glutathione pathway yields methanethiol, and both pathways yield formalde hyde and formate.
		C-labelled methyl chloride by inhalation, radioactivity was found to the largest extent in the liver, kidneys, and testes and to a smaller extent in the brain and lungs (Redford-Ellis and Gowenlock, 1971; Kornbrust et al., 1982; Landry et al., 1983).
		Lesions that were induced by exposure to methyl chloride alone were epididymal sperm granulomas, degeneration of cere bellar granule cells, necrosis of renal proximal tubules, cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, and vacuolization of cell cytoplasm in the outer region of zona fasciculata in the adrenal glands.
	www.inchem.org /documents/cicads/cicads/cicad28.htm (15104 words)

	Chloride -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		An example is table salt, which is (A white crystalline solid consisting mainly of sodium chloride (NaCl)) sodium chloride with the (A representation of a substance using symbols for its constituent elements) chemical formula NaCl.
		This means that chlorides can be either (Click link for more info and facts about inorganic) inorganic or (Any compound of carbon and another element or a radical) organic compounds.
		The simplest example of an inorganic covalently bonded chloride is (A colorless corrosive gas: HCl) hydrogen chloride, HCl.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ch/chloride.htm (316 words)

	Encyclopedia: Ammonia
		Ammonia and ammonium salts are also found in small quantities in rainwater, while ammonium chloride (sal-ammoniac) and ammonium sulfate are found in volcanic districts; crystals of ammonium bicarbonate have been found in Patagonian guano.
		Ammonium chloride or Sal Ammoniac (chemically ammonium chloride (NH4Cl); also zalmiak, sal armagnac, sal armoniac, and salt armoniack) is, in its pure form, a clear white water-soluble crystalline salt with a biting taste.
		Acyl chlorides are the most reactive, but the ammonia must be present in at least a two-fold excess to neutralise the hydrogen chloride formed.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ammonia (9275 words)

	Toxicologic Review of Selected Chemicals
		NIOSH believes that methyl chloride is an appropriate substance for a Section 6(b) rulemaking because, in NIOSH's view, methyl chloride is a potential occupational carcinogen (Ex.
		The Methyl Chloride Industry Association (MCIA) indicated its support of OSHA's proposed PELs for this substance and submitted material suggesting that methyl chloride may not be a potential occupational carcinogen (Ex.
		MCIA submitted to the record a copy of the IARC monograph and recent supplement on methyl chloride, which conclude that the evidence for the carcinogenicity of methyl chloride is inadequate in both animals and humans.
	www.mdcampbell.com /niosh/tox/74-87.htm (717 words)

	Direct catalytic synthesis of dimethyldichlorosilane from methyl chloride and silicon - Patent 4656301
		Exemplary of the copper halides, cupric chloride or cuprous chloride are representative.
		Thereafter, while continuing to raise the temperature of the reactor, the nitrogen valve was closed and the introduction of methyl chloride was commenced at a flow rate of 16 liters/hour, measured at 20.degree.
		C., the flow rate of methyl chloride was increased to 26 liters/hour and maintained at this value until the reaction spontaneously completely stopped.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4656301.html (2861 words)

	Archives of Environmental Health: Long-term follow-up after methyl chloride intoxication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		METHYL CHLORIDE has been used as a methylating agent in the chemical industry, as a foaming agent and solvent in the production of plastic or synthetic rubber, and as a refrigerant of synthetic rubber.
		In another communication, Gudmundsson reported on 13 y of follow-up of a group of 15 men who were severely exposed to methyl chloride[8]; 4 died, of whom 3 were thought to have died as a direct consequence of the intoxication, and the remaining death resulted from coronary occlusion.
		Eleven men of the crew, among them 7 officers, had quarters farther astern; they were exposed to methyl chloride only when they repaired the refrigerator or when they checked on the deckhands as they became more and more intoxicated in their sleeping compartments.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0907/is_n5_v52/ai_20525765 (1133 words)

	Scientists Study Emissions of Methyl Bromide, Methyl Chloride, and other Halogenated Gases by Plants in a Hydroponic ...
		Methyl bromide is the only compound with a natural source identified by the widely adopted Montreal Protocol, an international agreement signed in 1987 and strengthened in subsequent years.
		The atmospheric budgets of methyl bromide, and the highest concentration, chlorine-containing compound in the atmosphere, methyl chloride, currently appear unbalanced - identified sinks outweigh identified sources by 30-50%.
		The investigators were also able to adjust the levels of bromide, chloride, and iodide in the nutrient solution supplied to the plants to see how that affected plant emissions or organic halogens.
	www.cmdl.noaa.gov /info/tomatoes.html (420 words)

	Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information
		Dow Corning is developing a route from methane to methyl chloride via oxyhydrochlorination (OHC) chemistry with joint support from the Gas Research Institute and the Department of Energy Federal Energy Technology Center.
		The objective of this project is to demonstrate and develop a route to methyl chloride with reduced variable cost by using methane instead of methanol raw materials.
		Methyl chloride is currently produced from methanol, but U.S. demand is typically higher than available domestic supply, resulting in fluctuating prices.
	www.osti.gov /bridge/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=614921 (370 words)

	DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 84-117
		The monohalomethanes (methyl chloride, methyl bromide, and methyl iodide) are alkylating agents and thus have generated concern as to their potential for inducing mutations and cancer.
		Methyl chloride produced a teratogenic effect (heart defects) in the offspring of pregnant mice exposed by inhalation at 500 and 750 ppm.
		Methyl chloride was reported to be teratogenic to the offspring of pregnant mice exposed by inhalation at concentrations of 0, 100, 250, 500, 750, or 1,500 ppm on days 6-18 of gestation.
	www.cdc.gov /niosh/84117_43.html (5500 words)

	Methyl Chloride - CH3Cl - is used as a refrigerant, as a catalyst solvent in Butyl rubber, as a reagent in silicone ...
		Methyl Chloride - CH3Cl - is used as a refrigerant, as a catalyst solvent in Butyl rubber, as a reagent in silicone production, in organic synthesis, in the manufacture of tetramethyllead, as a solvent, and as a starting material in the manufacture of suc
		: Methyl Chloride - CH Cl - is used as a refrigerant, as a catalyst solvent in Butyl rubber, as a reagent in silicone production, in organic synthesis, in the manufacture of tetramethyllead, as a solvent, and as a starting material in the manufacture of such chemicals as methyl mercaptan, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrafluoride.
		Methyl chloride was first prepared about 1835 from methanol, sulfuric acid, and common salt.
	www.c-f-c.com /specgas_products/methyl-chloride.htm (268 words)

	Methyl Chloride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Methyl chloride is produced naturally, primarily in oceans, and it is widely detected in ambient air and water.
		Methyl chloride causes toxicity in rodents in the liver, kidney and central nervous system.
		Methyl chloride is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).
	monographs.iarc.fr /htdocs/monographs/vol71/026-methylchloride.html (209 words)

	Methyl chloride [factsheet]
		* Methyl chloride is formed in the oceans by natural processes; it has been detected in air all over the world.
		Several inhalation studies have demonstrated that methyl chloride causes reproductive effects in male rats, with effects such as testicular lesions.
		* EPA considers methyl chloride to be a possible human carcinogen (cancer-causing agent) and has ranked it in EPA's Group C. * EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, for a hazard ranking under Section 112(g) of the Clean Air Act Amendments, has ranked methyl chloride in the nonthreshold category.
	www.lakes-environmental.com /toxic/METHYL_CHLORIDE.HTML (1067 words)

	479. Methyl chloride (WHO Food Additives Series 14) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		METHYLENE CHLORIDE Explanation The available biological data relating to both animal and human exposure to dichloromethane were evaluated by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives in 1970.
		However, the available data indicate that the metabolism and excretion pattern of methylene chloride are similar regardless of route of administration.
		In animals and man the majority of the dose is excreted unchanged in the expired air, a small percentage being converted to carbon monoxide which then binds with haemoglobin and results in an elevated COHb concentration in the blood.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v14je15.htm (1028 words)

	lmn
		Methyl Bromide - CH Br, this halocarbon is released, to a degree, naturally from the oceans, but is more commonly released from its anthropogenic use as a soil fumigant or pesticide.
		Methyl bromide is persistent enough to reach the stratosphere where it photochemically decomposes to yield atomic bromine (radical) and proceeds to destroy stratospheric ozone in the same manner as the atomic chlorine radical.
		Methyl Chloride - CH Cl, this compound supplies chlorine to the stratosphere by occasional volcanic eruptions and by tropospheric to stratospheric transport.
	www.shsu.edu /%7Echemistry/Glossary/lmn.html (3265 words)

	Jahrbuch-CD der MPG 2003 - Methyl chloride and other chlor
		Methyl chloride and other chlorocarbons in polluted air during INDOEX
		[1] Methyl chloride (CH3Cl) is the most abundant, natural, chlorine-containing gas in the atmosphere, with oceans and biomass burning as major identified sources.
		Estimates of global emissions suffer from large uncertainties, mostly for the tropics, partly due to a lack of measurements.
	www.mpg.de /forschungsergebnisse/wissVeroeffentlichungen/archivListenJahrbuch/2002/27/publZIM219.html (269 words)

	Methyl chloride and methyl bromide degradation in the Southern Ocean
		Methyl chloride and methyl bromide degradation in the Southern Ocean
		These observations are attributed to biological uptake, and they explain the tendency for high latitude waters to be undersaturated with respect to atmospheric methyl bromide and methyl chloride.
		Citation: Tokarczyk, R. Goodwin, and E. Saltzman (2003), Methyl chloride and methyl bromide degradation in the Southern Ocean, Geophys.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2003/2003GL017459.shtml (261 words)

	The Scientist :: Missing methyl chloride found, Mar. 15, 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Methyl chloride (CH Cl) is one of the largest natural sources of ozone-depleting compounds — accounting for approximately 15% of the atmospheric chlorine content.
		But, measurements of CH Cl emissions from coastal lands in the tropics suggest there is a significant shortfall in the observed atmospheric chloride concentrations and that emitted from plants.
		Yokouchi Y, Ikeda M, Inuzuka Y, et al.: Strong emission of methyl chloride from tropical plants.
	www.biomedcentral.com /news/20020315/02 (314 words)

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