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	Mexican Independence
		The stage for the upheaval and dissatisfaction that gave rise to Mexican independence was set by political and economic changes in Europe and its American colonies of the late 18th and 19th centuries.
		Independence- and reform-oriented thinkers also began to consider enlisting the native Indian, mestizo and lower class masses in wresting control from the Peninsulares and in armed independence movements.
		Independence and maintenance of their local authority in Mexico was their only recourse.
	www.tamu.edu /ccbn/dewitt/mexicanrev.htm (2577 words)

	Mexican Independence Day
		Every September 15th Mexicans commemorate the war of Independence, which was actually initiated in the small town of Dolores in Guanajuato Mexico on September 16, 1810.
		Father Hidalgo's Grito de Dolores became the battle cry of the Mexican War of Independence and despite his change of heart, Hidalgo is still revered as the father of Mexican independence.
		Independence day activities are centered around the municipal palace and always include a carnival and amusement rides, family-run food stands featuring local cuisine, and plenty of cerveza.
	www.cozumelmycozumel.com /Pages/CozumelHolidaysIndependenceDay.htm (885 words)

	Digital History
		One important aspect of the age of revolution was the Latin American wars of independence.
		A decade of warfare against Spain killed a tenth of the Mexican population, mainly young men of fighting age.
		After independence, Mexico's gross domestic product was at less than half its peak at 1805 which it would not surpass until the 1870s.
	www.digitalhistory.uh.edu /mexican_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=37 (362 words)

	Mexican Independence Movement
		But the Mexican patriots were again aroused by the removal of the archbishop, and the intrusting of the government, for the time being, to the "Court of Audience." This court was the exponent of genuine Spanish despotism, and justly abhorred by all liberal men in Mexico.
		It would be necessary to have the aid of the Mexican population of Texas; and this would require the use of the name of Bernardo as commander-in-chief.
		Morelos, another priest, had raised the standard of independence in the southern provinces of the viceroyalty; and Victoria was conducting the war with some success in the vicinity of Jalapa.
	www.sonofthesouth.net /texas/mexican-independence-movement.htm (3895 words)

	MEXonline - Hidalgo's Call for Mexican Independence - Grito de Dolores - Mexico
		Although a movement toward Mexican independence had already been in progress since Napoleon’s conquest of Spain, Hidalgo’s passionate declaration was a swift, unpremeditated decision.
		He urged the exploited and embittered Mexicans to recover the lands that was stolen from their forefathers.
		Gachupines were alerted to the criollos independence movement bycriollo officers who had refused to join the revolutionary movement and by a priest who had learned of the plot through a confessional.
	www.mexonline.com /person1.htm (872 words)

	Mexican Independence Day \| Mexico \| War \| September 16th \| Holiday \| Food \| History \| Parade \| Celebration \| Aztec (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Spanish were finally defeated in 1821 and now Mexican Independence is celebrated every year to remember the beginning of the struggle for freedom.
		The Mexican Independence Day party kicks off on the night of September 15th with special food and a public address by the Mexican President.
		On Mexican Independence Day, people decorate their homes and cars with Mexican flags.
	www.kidzworld.com /site/p3817.htm (186 words)

	Mexican Independence
		With the uprising in Dolores, the movement for independence was transformed.
		The period was marked by the outstanding deeds of Francisco Javier Mina, a Spanish liberal who fought valiantly for the cause of independence and died in 1817.
		This is a broad-strokes narrative of the story of Mexican independence -- the story of a people who fought to be free and of a nation characterized by strength, determination, and patriotism.
	www.culturafronteriza.com /mexican_independence.htm (774 words)

	Northpinellas: Mexican community celebrates past, present
		Maria Luisa Martinez, a Clearwater resident, holds her 7-month-old daughter, Giselle, and responds to el grito, the cry of Mexican independence, with her niece, 4-year-old Cynthia Martinez.
		Slowly, a senorita dressed in a glittering red skirt and white shirt, and with green, red and white ribbons wound through her fl hair, carried the Mexican flag to a stage in the city's conference hall.
		Friday afternoon at Harborview Center, the Mexican artists on the trip held an exposition of their crafts for sale, ranging from wood boxes inlaid with shell to pictures created with colored pieces of straw, intricately glued to a wood background.
	www.sptimes.com /News/091700/NorthPinellas/Mexican_community_cel.shtml (1288 words)

	The Hutchinson News, Hutchinson, Kan., \| Regional News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Independence Day is just around the corner, so get ready for tacos and mariachi music.
		Mexico's fight for independence from colonial Spain started Sept. 16, 1810, and to mark the day - a major holiday in Mexico - the Mexican and Mexican-American communities in Garden City and Dodge City are planning separate celebrations this weekend.
		Dodge City's version of Mexican Independence Day celebrations is newer than Garden City's.
	www.hutchnews.com /news/regional/stories/mexican091306.shtml (370 words)

	Mexican Independence
		The Mexican press, more-over, under the new liberty it enjoyed, declared that independence of the mother-country was the only remedy against such impending evils.
		This document proposed the independence of Mexico; that the government should be a constitutional, limited monarchy; that the crown should be tendered to the Bourbon family in succession, commencing with King Ferdinand VII.; if they all refused, then the Mexican cortes should designate the monarch; and that the Roman catholic religion should be protected.
		Thus the revolution in Mexico was accomplished; and, by the refusal of Spain to acknowledge the treaty of Cordova, she became independent.
	www.sonofthesouth.net /texas/mexican-independence.htm (4236 words)

	Free Essay The Mexican Independence Movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Mexican leaders were dismayed by these liberal political tendencies in Spain, but their biggest concern was the instability of Spain.
		It guaranteed that Mexico would become an independent country and be ruled as a limited monarchy, that the Roman Catholic Church would be the state church, and that the Criollos would have the same rights as the Peninsulares.
		Besides the military aspects, the American and Mexican independence were incredibly similar in the reasons for seeking independence and the first outcomes after independence.
	www.echeat.com /essay.php?t=34 (1694 words)

	Cozumel Holidays:Mexican Independence Day
		Aided by the Mexican Conservative Party, Napoleon III and a large contingent of French troops invaded the country in 1862.
		Others say that one of the reasons Cinco de Mayo rather than Mexican Independence Day became popular in the United States is that it was easier for Chicano students during the sixties to celebrate in the spring than in the fall.
		Just as Mexican president Porfirio Diaz was responsible for establishing Cinco de Mayo as a national holiday, he also had a hand in changing traditions associated with September 16, Mexico’s independence day.
	www.cozumelmycozumel.com /Pages/TravelInsurance.htm (1436 words)

	Mexican Independence Day
		Mexican Independence Day in Mexico begins on every September 15 at 11 P.M. On this day, Mexicans men dress up as Charros and woman as China Poblanas.
		Mexico gained its Independence by fighting against Spain, who had taken over their territory many years before.
		The people of Mexico wanted to break free and start their own government and to be able to be like America and to have the freedom to do whatever they wanted.
	www.tqnyc.org /NYC051313/mexicanindependenceday.htm (298 words)

	Mexican War of Independence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Mexican War of Independence, which lasted from 1810 to 1821, was Mexico's struggle for Independence against Spanish colonial rule.
		A favorite of the Mexican church hierarchy, Iturbide was the personification of conservative criollo values, devoutly religious, and committed to the defense of property rights and social privileges; he was also disgruntled at his lack of promotion and wealth.
		Iturbide, a former royalist who had become the paladin for Mexican independence, included a special clause in the treaty that left open the possibility for a criollo monarch to be appointed by a Mexican congress if no suitable member of the European royalty would accept the Mexican crown.
	mexican-war-of-independence.iqnaut.net (1304 words)

	Cinco History
		Because 4,000 Mexican soldiers smashed the French and traitor Mexican army of 8,000 at Puebla, Mexico, 100 miles east of Mexico City on the morning of May 5, 1862.
		The Mexicans had won a great victory that kept Napoleon III from supplying the confederate rebels for another year, allowing the United States to build the greatest army the world had ever seen.
		There are two ideals which Mexicans and Americans have fought shoulder to shoulder to protect, ever since the 5th of May, 1862.
	www.vivacincodemayo.org /history.htm (644 words)

	Questions on Mexican Independence Day by Rodolpho Carrasco
		Mexican and other Latinos are now migrating into the U.S. at the highest rates of any one ethnic/national group in the history of this country.
		Mexican immigrant families are not shy to use the tactic of sending their U.S. raised children back to Mexico for a year to reinforce a Mexican cultural core.
		On September 16, Mexican Independence Day, both Mexicans and Mexican Americans celebrate the same spirit of freedom and revolution that propelled American insurgents to a tax revolt, to defy freezing winters, and to war against the Crown.
	www.urbanonramps.com /rc/prism_mexindyday.html (1743 words)

	Plan of Iguala and Treaty of Cordova
		An army shall be formed for the support of religion, independence, and union, guaranteeing these three principles, and therefore it shall be called the army of the three guarantees.
		Those functionaries, of whatever degree and condition, who dissent from the cause of independence, shall be divested of their offices, and shall quit the territory of the empire, taking with them their families and their effects.
		It being indispensable to the country that this plan should be carried into effect, in as much as the welfare of that country is its object, every individual of the army shall maintain it, to the shedding (if it be necessary) of the last drop of his blood.
	www.tamu.edu /ccbn/dewitt/iguala.htm (1958 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online:
		The Mexican War of Independence was in reality a series of revolts that grew out of the increasing political turmoil both in Spain and Mexico at the beginning of the nineteenth century.
		He lost his position of leadership to his rivals in the movement, however, and in November 1815, while defending the escape of the insurgent government from loyalist attack, he was captured and executed.
		The final push for independence resulted from Mexican reaction to revolutionary events in Spain that undermined the last vestiges of Spanish authority in the colonies.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/MM/qdmcg.html (1356 words)

	DefenseLINK News: Myers Participates in Mexican Independence Day Events
		He is also holding conversations with Mexican military leaders to enhance dialogue between the two neighbors.
		The Mexican armed forces do not have a comparable position to the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
		Besides attending El Grito celebrations Sept. 16 in the capital city, Myers is holding conversations with Mexican military leaders to enhance dialogue between the two neighbors.
	www.defenselink.mil /news/Sep2003/n09152003_200309155.html (348 words)

	UMOS - Corporate Events - Mexican Independence Parade and Festival
		Although a movement toward Mexican independence had already been in progress since Napoleon’s conquest of Spain, Hidalgo’s passionate declaration was a swift, unplanned decision.
		Gachopines were alerted to the criollos independence movement by criollo officers who had refused to join the revolutionary movement and by a priest who had learned of the plot through a confessional.
		Every year at midnight on September 15, Mexicans shout the grito, honoring the crucial, impulsive action that was the catalyst for the country's bloody struggle for independence from Spain.
	www.umos.org /events/mexican_independence.aspx?sm=54 (594 words)

	Mexican Independence
		The Mexican government stationed troops in Texas and the relationship between the Mexican government and the Americans in Texas continued to worsen.
		Further weakening the Mexican government's hold on Texas was the division in Mexican politics between the Centralist party, which was in power, and the opposition Federalist party.
		In 1835, Santa Anna led a military coup of the Mexican government, annulled the Republican Constitution of 1824 and became a dictator.
	www.educonnect.com /KeyTX/mexican.htm (920 words)

	Article - News - Mexican Independence Day
		Meanwhile, in Santa Ana, the annual Mexican Independence Day Parade also was held on Saturday with dancers and music among the attractions.
		Mexican Independence Day celebrates independence from Spanish colonial rule.
		Mexico's independence was recognized by the Spanish viceroy in 1821.
	www.ocregister.com /ocregister/homepage/abox/article_1278695.php (244 words)

	Come celebrate our Independence with us.
		As is now traditional, the Independence Cry was given in the main square of Mexico City, in all our states and in Mexican embassies abroad.
		September is the month of the Mexican nation and, throughout the world, Mexican citizens join in the celebrations.
		On the evening of September 15th, we have pozole and buñuelos for dinner, get together with families to give the Independence cry at home, go to our city's main square, or to the esplanades outside the headquarters of our local political delegations where colorful celebrations are held.
	www.elbalero.gob.mx /kids/about/html/holidays/indep_kids.html (412 words)

	History of Cinco De Mayo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Although President Juárez knew the Mexican government owed a lot of money to other countries, he also knew that if he paid it, there would be nothing left in the treasury to help the Mexican people.
		Many of the Mexican soldiers had been in the army less than three months, and most were inexperienced in fighting against well-trained soldiers.
		They may learn the words to traditional Mexican folk songs such as "La Cucaracha" or play the game "Lasso the Bull." A taco-eating contest may be held, a piñata filled with candy may be hung, or other festive activities may be included to add to the excitement of this special day.
	www.birthdayexpress.com /bexpress/planning/CincoDeMayo.asp (1065 words)

	The Heart of Mexican Independence (November 1998) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This is the area of Mexico where the fight for independence from Spanish rule began in 1810.
		On September 16 of that year, a date now celebrated as Mexican Independence Day, a Mexican priest named Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla rang the church bells in Dolores, which is located about 30 miles from San Miguel de Allende.
		Unfortunately, however, the Mexican people are unable to confront the cause: massive governmental involvement in their lives and fortunes along with the enormous taxes needed to fund it all.
	www.fff.org /comment/ed1198b.asp (874 words)

	.:: Welcome To The Jewish Ledger ::.
		On the night before Independence Day -- which this year falls on Erev Rosh Hashanah -- thousands of people gather in Mexico City's main plaza, the Zocalo, to hear the president recite the Grito de Dolores, a famous rallying cry against the Spaniards.
		Many Mexican Jews say that they'll forgo Mexican Independence Day this year to celebrate the Jewish new year, although they care deeply about the Mexican national holiday.
		The Mexican holiday marks the day in 1810 when Miguel Hidalgo, a priest in the town of Dolores, rang his church bells and called for rebellion against the Spanish.
	www.jewishledger.com /articles/2004/09/15/news/on_the_cover/news01.txt (615 words)

	Lesson Plan - Mexican Independence Day
		To the Mexican people, "It is not only the story of how the present came to be, but the explanation of present realities and future possibilities." (Burke 39) Towards the end of the eighteenth century, the middle and upper class began to question how the traditional society was based.
		All the people fought together, Criollos (wealthy Mexicans of Spanish blood), Mesizos (children born of a marriage of a Spaniard and an Indian), and Indians.
		The green is on the left side of the flag and symbolizes independence.
	teacherlink.ed.usu.edu /tlresources/units/Byrnes-celebrations/mid.html (1715 words)

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