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Topic: Mohammad Ali Jinnah

	Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jinnah's birthplace and date of birth are disputed; however, it is generally believed that he was born in Wazir Mansion, Karachi, and raised in Mumbai (then Bombay).
		Jinnah was the chief architect of the 1916 Lucknow Pact between the Congress Party and the League to cooperate on all national issues, and became the president of the All India Home Rule League founded with Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak and other prominent Indian nationalists.
		On August 11, 1947, Jinnah was elected as the president of the Constituent Assembly, a position equivalent to that of a Speaker of a legislature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Muhammed_Ali_Jinnah (6514 words)

	Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah
		Jinnah, who was also the first Indian to pilot a private member's Bill through the Council, soon became a leader of a group inside the legislature.
		Jinnah's disillusionment at the course of politics in the subcontinent prompted him to migrate and settle down in London in the early thirties.
		A man such as Jinnah, who had fought for the inherent rights of his people all through his life and who had taken up the somewhat unconventional and the largely mininterpreted cause of Pakistan, was bound to generate violent opposition and excite implacable hostility and was likely to be largely misunderstood.
	www.geocities.com /junaid_hassan25/jinnah.htm (3805 words)

	Quaid-e-Azam (Mohammad Ali Jinnah)
		Quaid-e-Azam, Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born on 25th December 1876 at Vazeer Mansion Karachi, was the first of seven children of Jinnah bhai, a prosperous merchant.
		Jinnah was still thinking in terms of co-operation between the Muslim League and the Hindu Congress and with coalition governments in the provinces.
		Jinnah had originally been dubious about the practicability of Pakistan, an idea that Sir Muhammad Iqbal had propounded to the Muslim League conference of 1930; but before long he became convinced that a Muslim homeland on the Indian subcontinent was the only way of safeguarding Muslim interests and the Muslim way of life.
	www.g1g.com /jinnah (2590 words)

	AsiaSource: Asia Biography - a resource of the Asia Society
		In 1924 Jinnah reorganized the Muslim League, of which he had been president since 1919, and devoted the next seven years attempting to bring about unity among the disparate ranks of Muslims and to develop a rational formula to effect a Hindu-Muslim settlement, which he considered the pre-condition for Indian freedom.
		But Jinnah organized his movement so adroitly that the Pakistan demand gathered momentum within a few years, became the central issue in all subsequent constitutional proposals, and was overwhelmingly voted for by Muslims in the 1945-1946 general elections.
		In the long, drawn-out controversy centering on certain provisions of the Cabinet Mission Plan (1946), Jinnah proved himself a strategist of a rare caliber and outmaneuvered the Congress, causing an insoluble deadlock that led directly to the plan of 3 June 1947, under which India was partitioned.
	www.asiasource.org /society/mohammadalijinnah.cfm (993 words)

	QUAID-E-AZAM MOHAMMAD ALI JINNAH
		A man such as Jinnah, who had fought for the inherent rights of his people all through his life and who had taken up the somewhat unconventional and the largely misinterpreted cause of Pakistan, was bound to generate violent opposition and excite implacable hostility and was likely to be largely misunderstood.
		But what is most remarkable about Jinnah is that he was the recipient of some of the greatest tributes paid to any one in modern times, some of them even from those who held a diametrically opposed viewpoint.
		Such was Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the man and his mission, such the range of his accomplishments and achievements.
	www.zahid13.20m.com /QUAID.htm (3916 words)

	Mohammad Ali Jinnah Biography / Biography of Mohammad Ali Jinnah Biography
		Mohammad Ali Jinnah was born in Karachi, probably on Dec. 25, 1876, although the day is uncertain.
		Jinnah's attempts to work with the Moslem League were so frustrating, however, that he concluded its leaders were either "flunkeys of the British or camp followers of the Congress" and went to England in 1931 to take up a law practice there.
		Jinnah was the first governor general of Pakistan, and while the office in other parts of the British Commonwealth was ceremonial, his enormous popularity and skill made his authority virtually absolute.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-mohammad-ali-jinnah (649 words)

	Mohammad Ali Jinnah University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		At Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, we help you to plan for both an enrichment of your personal as well as empowerment of your professional life, under the supervision of a highly qualified faculty who is continuously updating the educational standards in an environment offering the finest academic and research facilities.
		Mohammad Ali Jinnah University is chartered by the Government of Sindh as a comprehensive institution, authorized to award earned or honorary degrees at all levels, from Associate to Doctorate, in all disciplines, ranging from Accounting to Zoology.
		The Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, through the pursuit of excellence in an ethical environment, is committed to providing to a diverse student population the intellectual and technological tools necessary to meet the challenges of the future.
	www.jinnah.edu.pk /profile (7999 words)

	Jinnah: Pakistan's founding father
		In truth, Jinnah was a complex man who by his eloquence and perseverance inspired both adulation and condemnation.
		Jinnah studied law in England, and after his return to India in 1896 as an advocate for the Bombay High Court, the slender, well-dressed and well-spoken attorney quickly made a name for himself.
		Jinnah, who by most accounts was not a particularly religious man, called for equal rights for all Pakistani citizens without regard to their religion.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/9708/India97/pakistan/nation.builder (748 words)

	ipedia.com: Muhammed Ali Jinnah Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Jinnah's birthplace and date of birth are disputed; however, it is generally believed that he was born in Karachi and raised in Bombay.
		In 1906, Jinnah served as secretary to Naoroji, who was then serving as president of the National Congress.
		Overworked from dealing with the fighting and a growing refugee crisis, Jinnah was not able to play the role in strengthening the new nation-state as much as he'd like to.
	www.ipedia.com /muhammed_ali_jinnah.html (930 words)

	Articles - Mohammad Ali Jinnah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Jinnah's family had Ismaili, Shia and Hindu ancestry; and the family was primarily Ismaili.
		Mohammad Ali Jinnah has an iconic status in Pakistan, is revered as the Father of the Nation, and honoured on his nominal birthday on December 25th each year, on Pakistan's independence day on August 14th and on Pakistan Day, March 23rd.
		Jinnah's grandchild is Nusli Wadia, an Indian born British citizen, who was born a Christian but converted to Zoroastrianism and a prominent industrialist of Mumbai.
	www.centralairconditioners.net /articles/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah (6005 words)

	Asiaweek.com
		Jinnah resigned from the Congress party in 1920, and by the end of the 1930s had emerged as the supreme leader of India's Muslims.
		Jinnah differed from most contemporary leaders in that he was committed to substance rather than symbol, reason rather than emotion, modernity rather than tradition.
		Jinnah led the new country but he was averse to imposing his views on the future constitution.
	www.asiaweek.com /asiaweek/98/0612/sr5.html (797 words)

	Jinnah's Thought at a Glance
		Jinnah - The Movie is in essence a glowing tribute to a man who hasn't only left behind him a legacy, a nation of devouts, but is also revered by an age as one of the greatest statesmen in the history of mankind.
		Jinnah opposed the government on lot of issues in the central legislature and argued brilliantly for the cause of India and of his own community, although he was never comfortable to be with the downtrodden section of Muslims.
		Jinnah was so adamant on Pakistan that he didn’t mind people being killed all across India by his direct action call.
	www.yespakistan.com /jinnah (2594 words)

	Ali Jinnah - His Personality and His Politics
		Jinnah was undermined by Hindu politicians to their own loss because the pretence not to understand him led to the partition of the subcontinent.
		Jinnah's greatness lies in the fact that at all times he presented himself as he really was, irrespective of how others wanted him to behave.
		Jinnah's relations with the Congress lasted only long enough for him to discover its true nature, which he found incompatible with the aspirations of the Muslims who longed for their civil and political rights to be protected under constitutional and electoral guarantees.
	www.muslimedia.com /archives/book98/jinnahbk.htm (1738 words)

	2001 as year of the Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		On December 25, 1876 a child was born in a prominent mercantile family of Karachi who was destined to change the course of history in South Asia and to carve out a homeland for the Muslims of India where they could peruse their destiny according to their faith and ideology.
		Jinnah began by accommodating the Congress point of view, and was called 'Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity' when he brought about rapprochement between the Congress and the Muslim league in 1916.
		Jinnah, popularly known by the title "Quaid-e-Azam" (the Great Leader), came to symbolize the Muslim aspirations for a separate independent homeland, and in 1940 the Muslim League, under his inspiring leadership, demanded that India should be partitioned and the Muslim majority areas should constitute the sovereign, independent State of Pakistan.
	www.pakpost.gov.pk /philately/stamps2001/quaid_year.html (955 words)

	Rediff On The NeT: Jinnah was a villain says historian Rafiq Zakaria
		Underlining his argument, Zakaria pointed out that while Jinnah was a member of the Congress from 1906 to 1920, he quit the party when, in 1920, Gandhi organised the first countrywide mass movement against the British and, in the process, brought Hindus and Muslims together on a common platform.
		While damning Jinnah, Zakaria argues that the real patriots among the Muslims were Maulana Mohammad Ali, Maulana Azad, Dr M A Ansari, Hakkim Ajmal Khan, Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew, Maulana Madni and Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan -- all products of the Khilafat movement and remained with the Congress until the last, suffering tribulations.
		We learn that the official will shortly be transferred, for "equating Mohammad Ali Jinnah with the national leaders" in the official audio-visual film to be shown on August 9.
	www.rediff.com /news/aug/05jin.htm (513 words)

	itsPakistan - Pakistan - Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
		Extremely frustrating as the situation was, the only consultation Jinnah had at this juncture was in Allama Iqbal (1877-1938), the poet-philosopher, who stood steadfast by him and helped to charter the course of Indian politics from behind the scene.
		As a result of Jinnah's ceaseless efforts, the Muslims awakened from what Professor Baker calls (their) "unreflective silence" (in which they had so complacently basked for long decades), and to "the spiritual essence of nationality" that had existed among them for a pretty long time.
		In recognition of his singular contribution, Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah was nominated by the Muslim League as the Governor-General of Pakistan, while the Congress appointed Mountbatten as India's first Governor-General.
	www.itspakistan.net /pakistan/quaid-e-azam.aspx (4088 words)

	Profile
		Mohammad Ali Jinnah University is operated by the Mohammad Ali Jinnah University Trust as a comprehensive university authorized by a Government charter to award earned and honorary degrees in all fields, at all levels.
		The establishment of Jinnah is a milestone in the history of quality education in Pakistan.
		Jinnah delivers education, right here in Pakistan, which is equal to education received at a good American university.
	www.pakistaneconomist.com /issue1999/issue43/etc8.htm (335 words)

	Pakistan Link - Letter & Opinion
		Mohammad Ali Jinnah did all three.” So begins Professor Stanley Wolpert in his sketch of Mohammad Ali Jinnah, setting the incisive tone of his biography, which fittingly puts into words the versatility of the man that was Jinnah.
		Such has been the case with Mohammad Ali Jinnah, for whom the creation of Pakistan - a near-impossible feat, to be sure - was a vision driven by strong principles of justice.
		Emphasizing Jinnah’s wish of having a peaceful and prosperous coexistence in the region, especially between the two divided nations of the subcontinent, he, in fact, underscored the option of opening the boundaries between the two countries rather than closing them.
	www.pakistanlink.com /Letters/2003/Dec03/26/06.html (1041 words)

	Jinnah Audio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Jinnah was born on December 25th, 1876 in Karachi.
		In Pakistan, Jinnah is known as "Quaid-e-Azam," or Father of the Nation.
		ovie of Jinnah with another part of the speech.
	harappa.com /sounds/jinnah.html (273 words)

	..::: Quiz - Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah I :: Humsafar.info :::.. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		..::: Quiz - Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah I :: Humsafar.info :::..
		Jinnah was something more than Quaid-e-Azam, supreme head of the state, to the people who followed him; he was more even than the architect of the Islamic nation he personally called into being.
		In 1943, Mohammad Ali Jinnah faced an assailant.
	www.humsafar.info /qz_maj1.htm (205 words)

	Books on Jinnah
		Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah has been the subject of the study of many researchers and Historians.
		The Sole Spokesman : Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan
		Quaid-I-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah Papers : On the Threshold of Pakistan : 1 July-25 July 1947
	www.angelfire.com /trek/jinnah/books.html (206 words)

	Muhammad Ali Jinnah [1876-1948] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born in Karachi on December 25, 1876.
		Muhammad Ali received his early education at the Sindh Madrasa and later at the Mission School, Karachi.
		Muhammad Ali Jinnah started his political career in 1906 when he attended the Calcutta session of the All India National Congress in the capacity of Private Secretary to the President of the Congress.
	www.storyofpakistan.com /person.asp?perid=P009 (231 words)

	..::: Quiz - Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah II :: Humsafar.info :::.. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		..::: Quiz - Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah II :: Humsafar.info :::..
		Home / Quiz / Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah II
		Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah - II Click by the answer of your choice, then click submit at the bottom of the page to find out the answers.
	www.humsafar.info /qz_maj2.htm (211 words)

	BOOKS AND ARTICLES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah: Speeches in the Legislative Assembly of India, 1942-30.
		Mohammad Ali, an Ambassador of Unity: His Speeches and Writing, 1912-1917.
		Ali Jinnah, Founder of Pakistan from June 1947 to August 1948.
	www.pakistan.gov.pk /Quaid/book_quaid.htm (703 words)

	Countrybookshop.co.uk - Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah
		And they eventually convinced Jinnah, who had long fought for Hindu-Muslim unity, that his dream of a united India was nothing but a mirage.
		In this study, the author provides evidence for the assertion that it was not Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, but Mahatma Gandhi, who first introduced religion into politics.
		Congress policies under Gandhi drove the Hindus and the Muslims irreconcilably apart and they eventually convinced Jinnah, who had long fought for Hindu-Muslim unity, that his dream of a united India was nothing but a mirage.
	www.countrybookshop.co.uk /books/index.phtml?whatfor=0195777832 (200 words)

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